Thick‐film technology to implement passive elements, network and hybrid circuits has been widely used for four decades and its importance is still growing. While on one hand the…
Abstract
Thick‐film technology to implement passive elements, network and hybrid circuits has been widely used for four decades and its importance is still growing. While on one hand the technology has been improved to meet the requirements for more sophisticated circuits, on the other hand a better knowledge of its outstanding properties has promoted its application to a certain number of sometimes exotic devices, many of which are in the sensor and actuator area. This paper presents examples of a variety of applications to illustrate what thick film technology can offer outside the familiar area, and to stimulate the imagination of scientists towards possible new applications.
The need for better performance, safety and comfort is the driving force behind the dramatic growth in car electronics. The key to success depends mainly on system reliability and…
Abstract
The need for better performance, safety and comfort is the driving force behind the dramatic growth in car electronics. The key to success depends mainly on system reliability and cost which in turn are related to the choice of technological approach. The basic topics to be investigated are, on the one hand, system architecture and, on the other, the implementation techniques involved. Large scale integration of a consistent portion of the system will be necessary but other factors such as interconnections, packages and so on must also be taken into account. The variety of boards, components and assembly techniques currently available are just adequate for present needs, but for the 1990s the continuously increasing complexity of automotive electronic systems will probably necessitate better use of what is available and possibly new ideas.
The purpose of the quantitative correlational research study was to determine the relationship, if any, between the predictor variable, cosmeceutical business service quality, and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the quantitative correlational research study was to determine the relationship, if any, between the predictor variable, cosmeceutical business service quality, and the outcome variable, cosmeceutical client satisfaction, in the southeast region of the United States of America. Cosmeceuticals were cosmetics and medications administered by estheticians.
Design/methodology/approach
Literature on business service quality and client satisfaction theories was synthesized after extensive review. Quantitative research data were collected and statistically analyzed on the following subscales of consumer satisfaction: general satisfaction, technical quality, interpersonal manner, communication, financial aspects, time spent with professionals and accessibility/convenience. The hypotheses addressed the research question (RQ) of whether cosmeceutical business service quality affects client satisfaction. The Cosmeceutical Client Satisfaction Questionnaire 18 (CCSQ-18), a web-based research instrument, had strong reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84. The target population (N = 50) included randomly selected female cosmeceutical consumers in the southeast region of the United States of America. The researcher did not digress from the detailed research protocol, instrumentation, data collection or data analyses. Through the Likelihood Ratio (LR) chi-squared statistic (18) = 65.35 and its associated probability, Prob > chi-squared = 0.000, the researcher determined the predictor variable cohesively has a statistically significant effect on the outcome variable.
Findings
Research results concluded that a significant relationship exists between cosmeceutical business service quality and cosmeceutical client satisfaction in the southeast region of the United States of America.
Originality/value
The findings detailed in the results complimented the argument that, generally, business service quality is important to consider, because good business is based on client satisfaction.
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B. Waterfield and Geoff Griffiths
At the Annual General Meeting of ISHM‐France, held on 12 June 1991, the following were elected:
As announced in the May issue of Hybrid Circuits, ISHM‐Benelux is organising a one‐day conference on applications of hybrid circuit technology.
T. Kwikkers, J. Lantaires, R.B. Turnbull, H.T. Law, Barry George and Dave Savage
On 20 April ISHM‐Benelux held its 1988 Spring meeting at the Grand Hotel Heerlen. This meeting was totally devoted to implantable devices, in particular to the technologies used…
Abstract
On 20 April ISHM‐Benelux held its 1988 Spring meeting at the Grand Hotel Heerlen. This meeting was totally devoted to implantable devices, in particular to the technologies used for these high reliability, extremely demanding devices. For this meeting ISHM‐Benelux was the guest of the Kerkrade facility of Medtronic. Medtronic (headquartered in Minneapolis, USA) is the world's leading manufacturer of implantable electronic devices. Apart from the assembly of pacemakers and heart‐wires, the Kerkrade facility acts as a manufacturing technology centre for Medtronic's European facilities.
This paper describes the stages in the construction of sensors implemented in thick film technology. The use of CAD facilities greatly reduces the time required for development…
Abstract
This paper describes the stages in the construction of sensors implemented in thick film technology. The use of CAD facilities greatly reduces the time required for development, and automatic design rule checking minimises errors. Steps in the fabrication from layout to finished mask(s) are detailed and specific examples given. Strain gauges using piezoresistive properties of thick film resistor inks with various sheet resistivities (Du Pont HS80 series) printed on insulated stainless steel substrates were examined under strains ranging from 0 to ±1000 microstrain. Results show gauge factors to be dependent on the ink's sheet resistivity and range from 2 to 12. The temperature coefficients of resistance were determined over temperatures of +20°C to +140°C, revealing good tracking and reproducibility.
Achim Raab, Christian Jung and Peter Dullenkopf
An investigation of laser‐trimmed thick‐film resistors’ current noise was carried out. A large number of samples from two pastes with different P‐ and L‐cuts were prepared. The…
Abstract
An investigation of laser‐trimmed thick‐film resistors’ current noise was carried out. A large number of samples from two pastes with different P‐ and L‐cuts were prepared. The noise spectrum of the trimmed resistors was measured to obtain a relationship between the current noise and the cut parameters. A simple but comprehensive electrical model for the simulation of the current noise of trimmed resistors is also presented. The results from the noise simulation agree with the measured data.
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Darko Belavič, Stojan Šoba, Marko Pavlin, Dubravka Ročak and Marko Hrovat
Silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor dies are mounted on a ceramic substrate where the signal conditioning electronics are implemented in thick film technology. In this paper…
Abstract
Silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor dies are mounted on a ceramic substrate where the signal conditioning electronics are implemented in thick film technology. In this paper some of these techniques, e.g. special attachment and bonding requirements, methods for temperature compensation, the principles of parameter adjustment, and encapsulation, are presented. For illustration two examples are described. The first is a multipoint monitoring system with 720 measuring points in a test mattress. The second example is a family of industrial pressure transducers.