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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 15 February 2024

Di Kang, Steven W. Kirkpatrick, Zhipeng Zhang, Xiang Liu and Zheyong Bian

Accurately estimating the severity of derailment is a crucial step in quantifying train derailment consequences and, thereby, mitigating its impacts. The purpose of this paper is…

532

Abstract

Purpose

Accurately estimating the severity of derailment is a crucial step in quantifying train derailment consequences and, thereby, mitigating its impacts. The purpose of this paper is to propose a simplified approach aimed at addressing this research gap by developing a physics-informed 1-D model. The model is used to simulate train dynamics through a time-stepping algorithm, incorporating derailment data after the point of derailment.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a simplified approach is adopted that applies a 1-D kinematic analysis with data obtained from various derailments. These include the length and weight of the rail cars behind the point of derailment, the train braking effects, derailment blockage forces, the grade of the track and the train rolling and aerodynamic resistance. Since train braking/blockage effects and derailment blockage forces are not always available for historical or potential train derailment, it is also necessary to fit the historical data and find optimal parameters to estimate these two variables. Using these fitted parameters, a detailed comparison can be performed between the physics-informed 1-D model and previous statistical models to predict the derailment severity.

Findings

The results show that the proposed model outperforms the Truncated Geometric model (the latest statistical model used in prior research) in estimating derailment severity. The proposed model contributes to the understanding and prevention of train derailments and hazmat release consequences, offering improved accuracy for certain scenarios and train types

Originality/value

This paper presents a simplified physics-informed 1-D model, which could help understand the derailment mechanism and, thus, is expected to estimate train derailment severity more accurately for certain scenarios and train types compared with the latest statistical model. The performance of the braking response and the 1-D model is verified by comparing known ride-down profiles with estimated ones. This validation process ensures that both the braking response and the 1-D model accurately represent the expected behavior.

Details

Smart and Resilient Transportation, vol. 6 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2632-0487

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Article
Publication date: 14 March 2024

Qiang Zhang, Brian Yim, Kyungsik Kim and Zhibo Tian

The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the relationship between destination image (DI), destination personality (DP) and behavioral intention (BI) in the context of ski…

296

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the relationship between destination image (DI), destination personality (DP) and behavioral intention (BI) in the context of ski tourism and (2) especially the role of DP in the relationship between DI and BI among ski tourists.

Design/methodology/approach

We collected data using WJX.CN (N = 400) to test the hypothesized model. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the psychometric properties of the measurement model and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results show that DI directly affects DP and partially affects BI, while DP directly affects ski tourists' BI. In addition, the indirect effect of DP between affective image and BI was significant, showing full mediation, and the indirect effect of DP between cognitive image and BI was significant, showing a partial mediation effect.

Originality/value

The findings enrich the ski tourism literature, contribute to the development of ski tourism in destination cities and the strategic marketing of ski resorts and provide recommendations for ski tourism researchers and marketers.

Details

International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, vol. 25 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1464-6668

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Article
Publication date: 4 January 2016

Ting Huo, Zhenbin Chen, Jiapeng Long, Lei Kang, Duolong Di and Xueyan Du

This work focused on the sulphonation modification research of highly crosslinking non-polarity macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) LX1180; the adsorption behaviour of LX1180 and…

95

Abstract

Purpose

This work focused on the sulphonation modification research of highly crosslinking non-polarity macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) LX1180; the adsorption behaviour of LX1180 and its chloromethylation- and sulphonation-modified products (LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3−); and the influence of the structure parameters matching degree of MAR and flavonoids on the adsorption feature and adsorption kinetics.

Design/methodology/approach

LX1180-SO3− was obtained by the processes of chloromethylation first and then sulphonation. LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3− were prepared through the principle of substitution reaction from LX1180 and LX1180-Cl, respectively. First, Monochloromethyl ether (ME), pre-treated ZnCl2, NaCl and iron powder were added into the swollen LX1180 to obtain the chloromethylated LX1180. Thereafter, NaCl, NaOH and SAA were added into the swollen LX1180-Cl to obtain the sulphonation modification LX1180. The conditions were investigated and optimised; the structures of LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3− were characterised by Fourier transform infrared chromatography (FTIR) and a specific surface area instrument. Finally, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3− for flavonoids, and the adsorptions and desorptions of LX1180-SO3− with different sulphonation degree on different flavonoids were investigated systemically.

Findings

Results showed that LX1180-Cl and LX1180-SO3− had been prepared successfully, and that after the sulphonation, the adsorption capacity tended to increase with the increase of adsorption time, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity of LX1180-SO3− was also higher than that of LX1180.

Research limitations/implications

The research only investigated the adsorption and desorption properties for only one kind of functional group, and other functional groups should also be studied in future work.

Practical implications

This contribution can provide a further base for the research of separation and purification of natural products with the aim to improve food additive removal or isolation and purification of flavonoids used for healthcare applications.

Originality/value

The adsorptions and desorptions of LX1180-SO3− with different sulphonation degree on different flavonoids were investigated. The relationship between sulphonation degree and the adsorption and desorption capacities of flavonoids were also explored, and the results showed that with the increase of sulphonation degree, the adsorption of LX1180-SO3− to rutin and cyanidin was maximum, while the desorption ratio was minimum at the same sulphonation degree; this phenomenon could be ascribed to the variation in the polarity matching degree.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 45 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 4 November 2013

Zhenbin Chen, Jiapeng Long, Lei Kang, Xueyan Du, Duolong Di and Jingbo Liu

The purpose of this paper is to prepare a higher chloromethylation degree (CD) modified macroporous adsorption resin (MAR, LX1180-Cl) and further study their adsorption…

226

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to prepare a higher chloromethylation degree (CD) modified macroporous adsorption resin (MAR, LX1180-Cl) and further study their adsorption performance.

Design/methodology/approach

CD and crosslinking degree were evaluated using stationary potential step and rotating-disk method, the adsorption performance of LX1180-Cl and LX1180 for flavonoids were studied using the UV-VIS spectrophotometry.

Findings

This research realized high CD (9.6 mass %) on high crosslinking MAR, LX1180. In tandem, the adsorption performance of them to flavonoids finds that the matching degree of polarity (presented with CD) and size were the critical factor to adsorption. It was also found that the reaction time had reduced to 24 h with the addition of iron particles into the zinc chloride (ZnCl2) catalyst.

Research limitations/implications

The study on reaction mechanism and the function principle of hybrid catalyst were speculated, but not the rigid experimental result.

Practical implications

This contribution can provide a rule for the separation and purification of natural products with the aim to improve food additive removal or isolation and purification of flavonoids used for healthcare applications.

Originality/value

This contribution provided a novel way to obtain high degree of CD with high crosslinking MAR, CD of commercially available MAR was improved by 2.5 times to 9.6 percent under crosslinking degree at 58.2 percent, compared with reported CD value (ca. 4.2 percent under crosslinking degree at 20.0 percent), which will be useful in the following further systematically research about the adsorption and separation selectivity of MAR. Besides, the primitive chosen principle of MAR according to the substrate was also presented. Moreover, the chloromethylation mechanism, although speculative, was briefly presented, which will stimulate the related study.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 42 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Publication date: 10 August 2023

Joselito G. Gutierrez, Tisha Isabelle M. De Vergara and Clarence M. Batan

This chapter examines the life histories of selected teenage Filipino fathers relative to their experiences of dating, courtship, and the discovery, engagement, and…

Abstract

This chapter examines the life histories of selected teenage Filipino fathers relative to their experiences of dating, courtship, and the discovery, engagement, and experimentation with risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and premarital sex. Using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), this study conducts family genogram and in-depth semi-structured interviews among eight teenage fathers. In so doing, it interrogates the consequences of sexual behaviors to the well-being of their respective families of orientation as well as the future of their expected family of procreation. The chapter argues how the risks of teenage fatherhood in the Philippines are relatively mitigated by the general conservative culture of Filipino families and the Catholic sense of religious orientation that seems to provide resilience captured in three themed experiences of “natauhan” (realization), “pinangatawanan” (accountability), and “pinanindigan” (owning responsibility). Thus, this chapter unravels the voices of young Filipino teenage fathers who straddles, on the one hand, the risk of premarital sex and pregnancy, and on the other hand, the challenges of responsible parenthood. In conclusion, the chapter provides policy insights on sex education and gender equality training for the vulnerable Filipino youth in the country.

Details

Resilience and Familism: The Dynamic Nature of Families in the Philippines
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80455-414-2

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Article
Publication date: 2 March 2020

Yongfeng Liu, Yi Liu and Duolong Di

The purpose of this study is to focus on the preparation of macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) functionalized with carbazole and N-methylimidazole, and adsorption behaviors of…

118

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to focus on the preparation of macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) functionalized with carbazole and N-methylimidazole, and adsorption behaviors of (–)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine (CAF) on the functionalized MARs.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the Friedel–Crafts and amination reactions, novel MARs functionalized with carbazole and N-methylimidazole were synthesized and characterized by the BET method. Accordingly, adsorption behaviors and structure-activity relationships for EGCG and CAF were studied in detail.

Findings

The results showed that pseudosecond-order kinetic model was provided with a better correlation for the adsorption of EGCG and CAF onto L-1 and L-2, and pseudofirst-order kinetic model was the most suitable model to illustrate the adsorption process for EGCG and CAF on L-3. The result indicated that Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin–Pyzhev and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms all could better illustrate the adsorption processes of EGCG and CAF on L-1, L-2 and L-3.

Practical implications

This study provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the efficient separation and purification of EGCG and CAF from waste tea leaves by MARs on a large scale. In addition, the results showed that this novel MARs would provide useful help and be used in large-scale production of active ingredients from natural products in the industry and other fields.

Originality/value

Adsorption kinetic models such as pseudofirst-order, pseudosecond-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models, and adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin–Pyzhev and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms models were adopted to illustrate the adsorption mechanisms of EGCG and CAF. The main driving forces for MARs with no functional groups were pore sieving effects, pp conjugation effects and hydrophobic interactions, and the other significant driving forces for MARs functionalized with carbazole and N-methylimidazole were electrostatic interactions, ion-dipole and hydrogen bonding interactions. This study might provide scientific references and useful help for large-scale separating and enriching active ingredients in natural products using the technology of MARs with special functional groups.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 49 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 16 June 2023

Haitham Nobanee, Ahmad Yuosef Alodat, Mehroz Nida Dilshad, Alaa El Sayah, Sondos Nezam Alas’ad, Baraa Omar Al Shalabi, Sara Fadel Alsadi, Noora Mohammed Al Marri and Farzin Kamal Fiza

This study aims to examine the research output on cyber insurance from 2002 to 2021 through an extensive bibliometric analysis. It examines the cyber insurance resources and how…

170

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the research output on cyber insurance from 2002 to 2021 through an extensive bibliometric analysis. It examines the cyber insurance resources and how the process of cyber insurance works.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses Scopus and VOSviewer to analyze cyber insurance papers. Using 503 papers from Scopus, this paper enhances the understanding of cyber insurance through collaborative network maps of experts and researchers.

Findings

The study comprehensively evaluates the development of cyber research. The results show that the number of research articles on cyber insurance has significantly increased since 2009.

Practical implications

The study's results offer practical implications for researchers to gain knowledge on the latest trends and developments in the domain. In addition, the study highlights the significance of cyber insurance in mitigating financial risks linked to cyberattacks, potentially boosting the investment of more organizations in such policies. Furthermore, practitioners can enhance their understanding of the various types of cyber insurance policies and their coverage.

Originality/value

Our results are likely to encourage practitioners, computer scientists, auditors, accountants and lawyers to contribute further to corporate strategies, data analytics and business operations to mitigate cyber risk consequences. In addition, understanding regarding the cyber insurance concept formed between experts and researchers is limited. This paper fills this gap by evaluating and identifying the development of cyber insurance literature.

Details

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9342

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 16 October 2023

Baris Cogan and Birgit Milius

Increasing demand on rail transport speeds up the introduction of new technical systems to optimize the rail traffic and increase competitiveness. Remote control of trains is seen…

702

Abstract

Purpose

Increasing demand on rail transport speeds up the introduction of new technical systems to optimize the rail traffic and increase competitiveness. Remote control of trains is seen as a potential layer of resilience in railway operations. It allows for operating and controlling automated trains and communicating and coordinating with other stakeholders of the railway system. This paper aims to present the first results of a multi-phased simulator study on the development and optimization of remote train driving concepts from the operators’ point of view.

Design/methodology/approach

The presented concept was developed by benchmarking good practices. Two phases of iterative user tests were conducted to evaluate the user experience and preferences of the developed human-machine-interface concept. Basic training requirements were identified and evaluated.

Findings

Results indicate positive feedback on the overall system as a fallback solution. HMI elicited positive emotions regarding pleasure and dominance, but low arousal levels. Train drivers had more conservative views on the system compared to signalers and students. The training activities achieved increased awareness and understanding of the system for future operators. Inclusion of potential users in the development of future systems has the potential to improve user acceptance. The iterative user experiments were useful in obtaining some of the needs and preferences of different user groups.

Originality/value

Multi-phase user tests were conducted to identify and to evaluate the requirements and preferences of remote operators using a simplified HMI. Training analysis provides important aspects to consider for the training of future users.

Details

Smart and Resilient Transportation, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2632-0487

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 17 August 2018

XuDong Wang, Zhenbin Chen, Jiapeng Long, Chenglong Duan and Xueyan Du

The purpose of this paper is to separate and purify flavonoids from glycyrrhiza by macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) mixed-bed technology.

64

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to separate and purify flavonoids from glycyrrhiza by macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) mixed-bed technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The adsorption performance of MAR and MAR mixed bed for flavonoids was studied using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.

Findings

The research shows that the MAR mixed bed of LZ-50+LZ-59 with a mass ratio of LZ-50:LZ-59(m:m) = 1:1 was the optimized combination with the optimal conditions of adsorption (pH = 6, T = 45°C) and desorption (liquid ratio R = 70%, T = 50°C, pH = 8) obtained, relatively.

Originality/value

This paper provides a novel way to separate flavonoids from glycyrrhiza. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption rate (F) of MAR mixed-bed LZ-50+LZ-59 to the flavonoids was 62.5 per cent/g, the desorption rate (D) was 89.23 per cent and the purity was achieved at 80 per cent.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 47 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 2 August 2011

Uda Hashim, Nazwa Taib, Thikra S. Dhahi and Azizullah Saifullah

Nanobiosensors based on nanogap capacitor are widely used for measuring dielectric properties of DNA, protein and biomolecule. The purpose of this paper is to report on the…

262

Abstract

Purpose

Nanobiosensors based on nanogap capacitor are widely used for measuring dielectric properties of DNA, protein and biomolecule. The purpose of this paper is to report on the fabrication and characterization polysilicon nanogap patterning using novelties technique.

Design/methodology/approach

Overall, the polysilicon nanogap pattern was fabricated based on conventional lithographic techniques. For size expansion technique, by employing simple dry thermal oxidation, the couple of nanogap pattern has been expanded to lowest nanogap value. The progress of nanogap pattern expansion was verified by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Conductivity, resistivity, and capacitance test were performed to characterize and to measure electrical behavior of full device fabrication.

Findings

SEM characterization emphasis on the expansion of polysilicon nanogap pattern increasing with respect to oxidation time. Electrical characterization shows that nanogap enhanced the sensitivity of the device at the value of nano ampere of current.

Originality/value

These simple least‐cost method does not require complicated nanolithography method of fabrication but still possible to serve as biomolecular junction. This approach can be applied extensively to different design of nanogap structure down to several nanometer levels of dimensions. A method of preparing a nanogap electrode according to the present innovation has an advantage of providing active surface that can be easily modified for immobilizations of biomolecules.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 28 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

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