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Depression and anxiety are common features of all forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, everyday functioning and rehabilitation outcome. They are potentially treatable causes of disability in this population. This study aimed to investigate the use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) as a useful tool for measuring anxiety and depression in people with MS who live in the community and to provide normative data for clinicians and researchers.

In total, 144 individuals with MS completed the HADS as part of a larger community postal survey.

Individuals with MS report significantly greater levels of anxiety and depression than a healthy population. The HADS had good levels of internal reliability in this sample. Raw scores and percentile equivalents for use with MS patients are reported.

This study provides useful normative data on the HADS in a community sample of people with MS, which has been unavailable to date. The findings support previous studies, indicating high prevalence rates of anxiety and depression in this patient population, highlighting a need for interventions aimed at addressing the psychological distress associated with MS.

I do not think anyone will deny that some form of control is essential in order to ensure that the processes of milk production and distribution are carried out in a proper manner. This object may be attained in one of three ways:—

Examines the huge voluntary sector contribution and shows that vast numbers of the population involve themselves in voluntary work at some time or another. Estimates that the value of their contributions could be as high as £40 billion. This huge sum is generated by dedicated people who nevertheless are for the most part not managed or badly managed, are a constantly shifting group and are not subject to the normal disciplines of business. Sets out how human resource management, as adopted by industry, can be adapted sensitively for the volunteer work‐force, despite the fact that normal levels of management ‐ control and direction ‐ are either unusable or so weak that they can be accepted or ignored, according to mood and conditions.

At a meeting of the Council of the Royal Borough of Kensington on October 21st, 1919, COLONEL A. W. FENTON‐LANGMAN, Chairman of the Public Health Committee of the Council brought up a Report as follows :

During thermal laser processes, heat transfer and fluid flow in the melt pool are primary driven by complex physical phenomena that take place at liquid/vapor interface. Hence, the choice and setting of front description methods must be done carefully. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent front description methods may bias physical representativeness of numerical models of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process at melt pool scale.

Two multiphysical LPBF models are confronted: a Level-Set (LS) front capturing model based on a C++ code and a front tracking model, developed with COMSOL Multiphysics® and based on Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. To do so, two minimal test cases of increasing complexity are defined. They are simplified to the largest degree, but they integrate multiphysics phenomena that are still relevant to LPBF process.

LS and ALE methods provide very similar descriptions of thermo-hydrodynamic phenomena that occur during LPBF, providing LS interface thickness is correctly calibrated and laser heat source is implemented with a modified continuum surface force formulation. With these calibrations, thermal predictions are identical. However, the velocity field in the LS model is systematically underestimated compared to the ALE approach, but the consequences on the predicted melt pool dimensions are minor.

This study fulfils the need for comprehensive methodology bases for modeling and calibrating multiphysical models of LPBF at melt pool scale. This paper also provides with reference data that may be used by any researcher willing to verify their own numerical method.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight sessions and themes of the annual Society of Scholarly Publishing conference.

Conference report Building on Technology 2.0 and Library 2.0, this theme was on Scholarly Communication 2.0 and even though there was some obvious overlap well known by librarians, there was plenty of creative and new ideas that were shared.

The role of the reader and library user are of more importance than in the past and new products and services now cater to that increasingly emphasized role.

Change in readership, product development, marketing, branding, and nearly everything in the scholarly publishing marketplace has determined that new partnerships and interests are evolving.

Discusses the theory of front‐ and back‐seat driving relative to customer‐driven enterprise in marketing. With deregulation and privatization picking up speed in service industries, customer service roles are vitally important. Shows that marketing must embrace new technologies alongside customer choice and marketing ideology with intelligence. Also posits requisite planning as a positive approach as involving customers in learning how to drive themselves. Describes the author′s early involvement in requisite planning at Bowater Packaging in which transformed production technology and localized competition were involved along with corporate renewal. Describes the theory behind CUSTOMDRIVE 5 and includes a model with six steps. Concludes that, if CUSTOMDRIVE 5 is understood and implemented, then marketing professionals will soon take on board the relevant message.

The purpose of this paper is to consider the concept of strategic business resilience in order to postulate innovative mechanisms to drive business performance in the food supply chain.

The research included a literature review and the development of a resilience model that can be adopted in the food supply chain at both a strategic and an operational level.

Conflicts of interest exist for organisations that are seeking to strategically and effectively manage the pluralistic nature of internal and external supply chain risks. The model derived in this research can be used in the food supply chain to drive supply chain agility, organisational stability and longevity, and as a result continuous improvement.

This research is of academic value and of value to policy makers and practitioners in the food supply chain.

Among biologists it is generally recognized that market activity is having a devastating effect on the biological world. The current worldwide loss of biodiversity may be of the same order of magnitude as the five mass extinctions which have decimated life on earth during the past 500 million years. One reason for the current crisis is that decisions about resource use are increasingly made from the narrow perspective of market exchange. Decisions made in this context necessarily place a lower value on preservation than those made in a broader social context. Although the phenomenon of discounting generally works against biodiversity conservation, policies may be devised to use discounting to implement land use policies which will take effect in the relatively distant future.