Index
ISBN: 978-1-83982-651-1, eISBN: 978-1-83982-650-4
Publication date: 13 August 2020
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2020), "Index", Paulsson, A. and Sørensen, C.H. (Ed.) Shaping Smart Mobility Futures: Governance and Policy Instruments in times of Sustainability Transitions, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-650-420201013
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate footnotes.
Accessibility
, 3, 5, 39, 48, 50, 95, 97, 128, 162, 164, 187, 190, 192, 195, 205
Accidents
, 173
Accountability
, 21
barriers
, 31–32
scenarios used in interviews
, 26–27
Accountability regimes
, 22
current
, 28–30
future
, 30–31
Administrative instruments
, 6
Affordances
, 9–10
Australia
, 11, 92, 96, 106, 114–115, 195, 210
Australian transport agencies
, 113–114
Authority/authorities
, 2–3, 8, 10, 23, 32–33, 142, 149, 155, 156–158, 163
Automated vehicles
, 38
CLDs
, 40–41, 45–50
costs
, 39
driverless vehicles
, 38–39
effects
, 41–42
literature search
, 39–40
sustainability goals
, 39
Automation
, 11, 37–40, 49, 58, 158
Autonomous vehicles (AVs)
, 76, 92–93, 97, 149, 188, 190
pilot schemes to test
, 198
and public transport in rural areas
, 193–196
‘Backcasting’ techniques
, 95
Behaviour
, 6
Bemelmans-Videc
, 8
Betamax/VHS
, 112
Bird
, 170–171, 173
BMW
, 204
Breng flex
, 193
Capping of fleet sizes
, 178
Car-free zones
, 3
Carpooling
, 191–192
Car-sharing
, 2, 91, 192, 210
Carbon-free transport
, 187
Causal loop diagrams (CLDs)
, 38, 40–41, 45–46
analysis
, 47–48
as collaboration tool
, 50
components
, 40
reflections from sustainability perspective
, 49–50
reflections on needs for policies
, 48–49
Change
, 5, 20, 60, 63, 115, 140, 143–144, 146, 180, 188, 217
Charges and fees
, 179
Citizen
, 131
Citizen assembly
, 219
Citizen participation
, 203–213
Climate crisis
, 3–4, 214
Co-design of regulation
, 116
Co-production of regulation
, 116
Collaboration
, 130–131
necessity for
, 126–128
Combined Authorities
, 23–24, 30
Committee on Climate Change (CCC)
, 140
Competition
, 30, 32, 49, 58, 61, 105, 113, 116, 129, 159, 173–174, 177, 190, 210
Complex networks
, 38
Complexity
, 22, 31–34, 63, 76, 91, 95–96, 111, 122, 126, 197
Compulsory data sharing
, 179
Congestion
, 205
Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs)
, 59
Contracts
, 30, 107, 110, 114, 126, 157, 178
Cost[s]
, 39
coverage
, 190
Customers
, 31, 91, 128, 209, 217, 220
Daimler
, 204
Danish model
, 196
Data
, 90–91
Data management
regulations
, 157, 163
rules for
, 160
Decision making
, 23, 60, 94, 128, 147, 207, 214
Degree of urbanisation classification (DEGURBA)
, 188
Delegation of MLG
, 63–64
Deliberation
, 205, 215
Demand Responsive Transport (DRT)
, 189, 190, 195
Democracy
, 131, 207, 218–219
Democratic processes
, 11, 113
Demography
, 91–92
Digital data
, 162
Digital technology
, 203–204
Digitalisation
, 219
Digitalised data
, 156
Dockless
, 20, 25, 28–29, 31, 64, 169–170, 176–178, 181
Drive Sweden
, 123, 125, 127
Driverless
taxi
, 41–42
technology
, 49
vehicles
, 38–39, 42
DRS
, 90, 92–93
Economic policy measure
, 188
Economic theory
, 48
Electric vehicle technologies (EV technologies)
, 90
ElectriCity
, 125
Electric scooter (E-scooters)
, 176–177, 210
policy instruments and regulatory tools
, 177–180
regulation
, 172–177
shared dockless
, 172
Elite
, 217–218
Employees and competencies
, 157–158, 161
Employees and skills
, 164
England, local transport governance in
, 22–25
Equity
, 67
Existing infrastructure
, 157–158, 161, 164
Experiments
, 120, 122, 124, 127–128, 130–131, 208
Experimental governance
, 120
collaboration
, 130–131
learning by ‘doing’
, 124–126, 129–130
necessity for collaboration
, 126–128
need for exceptional solutions
, 128–129
need for extraordinary solutions
, 122–124
as policy instrument
, 122
policy instrumentation perspective on
, 121–122
Expert knowledge
, 11, 218
External costs of transport
, 173
Externalities
, 173
argument
, 115
Extraordinary problem
, 128
Extraordinary solutions
, 131–132
need for
, 122–124
Feedback loop
, 190
Financial instruments
, 6
First- and last-mile problem
, 192
5G technology
, 49
FlexDanmark
, 196
Freight transport
, 42
Fungibility
, 142
Future accountability
positions
, 30
regimes
, 30–31
Gaming and tactics of policy making
, 63–64
Generalised travel costs
, 39
Geofencing
, 177–178
Geographic variation
, 92
Goals
, 2–3, 5, 7, 20–21, 34, 39, 43, 48, 51, 63, 66, 124, 128–129, 141, 149, 175, 205–206
Gothenburg
, 109, 125, 195
Governable
, 217, 220
Governance (see also Multi-level governance (MLG))
, 153–154, 217–220
demand for
, 154
local transport governance in England
, 22–25
need for
, 2–3
and policies
, 49
Governance powers
, 23–24, 69
Governance structures
, 11, 62, 147
Governing capacity
, 154–155, 209
analytical approach
, 155–156
categorisations of current policy instruments
, 156–158
operationalisation of four NATO resources
, 158
of regulations for traffic, drivers and vehicles
, 160
in smart mobility futures
, 158–164
Government activity
, 142
Greater London Authority
, 23n1
Greater Manchester Combined Authority
, 24
Group Model Building
, 40–41
Hands-off approach
, 176–177
Hierarchy
, 63
Hood and Margetts
, 142–143, 155–156
Howlett
, 4, 8, 141–145, 149, 204
Inclusion
, 67
Individualism
, 155, 158–159
Induced demand
, 93–94
Information and communication technology (ICT)
, 188, 190, 195
and public transport in rural areas
, 192–193
Information asymmetries
, 67
Informative instruments
, 6
Infrastructure investments
, 157, 160, 163
Innovation
, 219
Innovation journey
, 218
Innovation policy
, 149, 208, 218
Inputs
, 90–91
Institutions
, 23, 58–63, 65–67, 154, 218–219
Integration
, 31, 34, 62, 147–148, 178, 192–193, 197, 208
Intelligent transport systems (ITS)
, 156
International academic collaborations
, 116
International Transport Forum (ITF)
, 2, 177–178, 190
Interoperability
, 197
Interviews
, 24–25
Knowledge technology
, 97
KOMPIS
, 127
Laissez-faire approach
, 180
Land use and planning
, 160
Land-use policy
, 7
Lascoumes, P
, 8–10, 120–121, 131
Le Galés, P
, 8–10, 120–121, 131
Learning
, 29, 120, 124, 126, 130, 149, 180, 210
Learning by ‘doing’
, 124–126, 129–130
Legislation in Norway
, 171
Legitimacy
, 8, 11, 60, 62–63, 70, 76, 121, 179, 206–207, 219
Littering
, 175
Living labs
, 124
Local accountability arrangements
, 21–22
Local transport governance in England
, 22–25
Location
, 93–94
Low carbon mobility
, 140
‘Map mash-up’ workshops
, 95
Marginal cost
, 39
of cars and road freight vehicles
, 47
of road transport
, 50–51
Market
, 159
Market failure
, 173–175
Meta-instrument
, 9
Metropolitan Strategic Authorities
, 147–148
Micromobility
, 169–170
E-scooter regulation
, 172–177
policy instruments and regulatory tools
, 177–180
Milton Keynes Council (MKC)
, 29
Minimising regulatory barriers
, 177
Mobike
, 28
Mobility as a Service (MaaS)
, 2, 20, 59, 64, 106, 126, 129, 140, 146, 148, 217
MaaS Global
, 28
MaaS-solution
, 130
Mobility Data Specification (MDS)
, 179
Mobility management
, 6
Mobility service
, 91, 120, 162, 209–210
Modal shares
, 93
Model design
, 90–91
Modelling
, 2, 40, 76–78, 90–91, 94–96, 193, 195, 207
Monopolies
, 19, 106–107, 109, 114–116
Multi-level governance (MLG) (see also Governance)
, 58–62
(dis)advantages
, 62
case study policy instruments
, 67–70
delegation, gaming and tactics of policy making
, 63–64
new policy instruments ‘test’ MLG arrangements
, 64–67
Multi-purpose institutions
, 61
Multi-stakeholder context
, 11
Municipality
, 130
Mutual dialogue in social networks
, 156, 162
‘National’ policy responsibility
, 61
Network
capacity assumptions
, 92–93
management
, 64
New public policy instruments
, 120
Nimble government
, 113
Nimble private sector
, 106
Nodality
, 142, 155–156, 158, 162
competition for
, 159
Nodality, Authority, Treasure and Organisation (NATO)
, 142, 156–158
Objectives
, 2–4, 76, 95, 107, 113, 124, 149, 173, 177, 181, 205
Open Mobility Foundation
, 182
‘Open-minded’ governance structures
, 147
Organization/organisation
, 142, 155, 157–158
Organisational change
, 196–197
Oslo
, 114, 170, 172–173, 181
Parlance policy instruments
, 142
Participant selection
, 24–25
Participatory workshops
, 95
Partnership(s)
, 30, 32, 110, 112–114, 127, 181
Passenger transport
, 41–42
Passenger Transport Authority (PTA)
, 172
Pedestrianisation
, 3
Penalties
, 179
Person-kilometres travelled (PKT)
, 41
‘Physical’ policy instrument
, 5
Pilot schemes
, 180
to test AVs
, 198
Planning
, 75–102
Planning support tools (PSTs)
, 76
approach
, 77–78
data, inputs, and model design
, 90–91
geographic variation
, 92
limitations of PSTs to policy-makers
, 90
mobility type definitions
, 72
modal shares and impact on public transport
, 93
network capacity assumptions
, 92–93
publications reviewed by geography and mode
, 73–89
roles in shaping ‘smart’ urban futures
, 94–96
smart mobility ‘knowledge’
, 90
smart mobility knowledge and limitations of modelling analyses
, 72, 90
transport demand, location, and induced demand
, 93–94
trip purpose and demography
, 91–92
typical organisation of transport planning project
, 77
Planning system
, 112
Policy
, 141–143, 207
alignment
, 58, 207
capacity
, 154
instrumentation perspective on experimental governance
, 121–122
policy making, gaming and tactics of
, 63–64
taxonomy
, 141
Policy acceptance
, 206–207
Policy action
, 61
Policy change
, 140
catalysts for
, 143–144
Policy instruments
, 3–5, 141–143, 208–211
background literature on impacts and needs
, 41–43, 45
case study
, 67–70
cost-effectiveness
, 8
development
, 206–208
experimental governance as
, 122–131
knowledge production
, 8–9
limits of
, 9–10
need for
, 205–206
new policy instruments ‘test’ MLG arrangements
, 64–67
research on
, 7–8
smart mobility as
, 146–149
transport sector goals
, 43–44
used to govern transport
, 5–7
Policy-makers, limitations of PSTs to
, 90
Policymaking
, 60, 207
Policy moment
, 63, 66–67, 207
Policy package
, 10
Pragmatic approach
, 8–9
Pragmatism
, 111
Political institution
, 219
Pricing
, 67–69
Private actors
, 116
Private Hire Vehicles (PHVs)
, 28
Private sector perspectives
, 109–114
Proactive governance
, 146
Process values
, 121
Proportionality principle
, 177
Public
actors
, 116, 120
good
, 106, 112
policy principles
, 20
sector perspectives
, 108–109
space
, 174
Public transport, PSTs impact on
, 93
Public Transport Authority (PTA)
, 193
Public transport in rural areas (see also Urban transport systems)
AVs and
, 193–196
challenges and solutions
, 190–192
ICT and
, 192–193
need for
, 189–190
organisational changes and removal of regulatory barriers
, 196–197
pilot schemes to test AVs
, 198
policy suggestions for new solutions
, 196
user-centred design
, 197–198
Public values
, 4, 120–121, 128–130, 207, 209
R&D efforts
, 6–7, 160, 163
Reactive organisation with decreased capacity
, 161
Real life environment
, 132
Realitylab Göteborg
, 125
Reflexive governance
, 149
Reflexivity
, 149–150, 209
Regulation
, 109, 170, 172–177, 181
Regulations for land use and planning
, 157
Regulations for traffic
, 157
Regulatory impact assessment (RIA)
, 177
Regulatory barrier
, 177, 181, 196–198
Regulatory sandboxes
, 180–181
Research
, 6, 8, 91, 108, 126
Ride-hailing
, 114–115, 210–211
Ridesharing
, 64, 66, 69–70, 91, 93, 210–211
Rist, Ray C.
, 8
Ruled
, 210–214
Rulers
, 210–214
Rural areas
, 187–198
Road investments, need for
, 160
Roadspace allocation
, 69–70
Scope and structure of state
, 157–158, 161, 164
Shared mobility
breakthrough of
, 161–164
solutions
, 1–2
Sharing economy
, 155, 161–164
Smart mobility
, 2, 57–58, 119–120, 140, 153, 208–211
accountability barriers
, 31–32
benefits and risks
, 20–21
current accountability regimes
, 28–30
developments in England
, 25, 28
as exogenous shock
, 144–146
future accountability regimes
, 30–31
implementation
, 64
knowledge
, 90
knowledge and limitations of modelling analyses
, 72, 89
and local accountability arrangements
, 21–22
local transport governance in England
, 22–25
participant selection and interviews
, 24–25
policies need to be aligned
, 69–70
as policy instrument(s) for endogenous change
, 146–149
prevalence
, 59
for taxation
, 68
transition
, 21, 59, 65, 68
uncertainty
, 28–30
Smart mobility providers
, 21–22, 24, 29–34, 210–211
Smart movement
, 131
Snowballing
, 39–40
Societal goals
, 175–176
Subsidies
, 157, 161, 163, 174
Substantive values
, 121
Supra-national regulation
, 59
Stockholm
, 125, 195
Sustainability
, 129
Sustainability goals
, 39
Sustainability transition
, 12, 218
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
, 3, 38
Sustainable mobility
, 4–5, 10, 20, 126, 128
Sustainable society
, 12, 218, 220
Sweden
, 40, 48, 120–131, 155, 187–191, 206
Swedish Transport Administration
, 43, 43n2, 48
Symbolic
, 131, 156, 210
System Dynamics and Causal Loop Diagram
, 11, 38
System dynamics
, 38, 40
Target group
, 5, 8–10, 206–207, 209, 217–218
Taxes and fees
, 157
Testbed(s)
, 123–125, 210–211
Testing in real life situations
, 130
Tomelilla innovation week
, 127
Traffic congestion
, 128
Transparency
, 11, 121, 128–130, 132
Transport (see also Urban transport systems)
, 58
demand
, 93–94
demand models
, 94
freight
, 42
functions
, 23
passenger
, 41–42
policy objectives
, 157
system
, 158–159
taxation
, 67–69
transport planning project, typical organisation of
, 77
Transport governance, England
, 22–24
Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM)
, 24, 28, 30, 32
Transport for London (TfL)
, 149
Transport for West Midlands (TfWM)
, 24, 28, 30
Treasure
, 142, 155, 157–158
Trip purpose
, 91–92
Trust
, 42, 48, 181, 206–207
Uncertainty
, 28–30
Ungovernability
, 154
Unilateral state communication
, 162, 162
Urban Living Labs (ULLs)
, 124
Urban transport systems (see also Public transport in rural areas)
, 106–107
market forces
, 115–116
platform technologies
, 114–115
private sector perspectives
, 109–114
public sector perspectives
, 108–109
research approach
, 108
User groups
, 41, 48, 70
User-centred design
, 197–198
Value of Travel Time (VTT)
, 41, 47, 49–50, 91
Vehicle-kilometre travelled (VKT)
, 39, 41, 50, 205
Vehicles and drivers
, 157
Viable Cities
, 127
Volunteer-based transport
, 192
Vinnova
, 123
West Midlands Combined Authority
, 24
West Midlands
, 32
West Yorkshire Combined Authority (WYCA)
, 24
‘Wicked’ problems in policy documents
, 122–123, 128
Window of opportunity
, 2, 33, 182, 205
Yellow vests
, 188, 192, 206
Zuboff
, 203, 208, 215
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Smart Mobility and Policy Instruments: Broadened Definitions and Critical Understandings
- Part I
- Chapter 2: Steering Smart Mobility Services: Governance and Accountability Challenges for English Local Authorities
- Chapter 3: The Impacts of Automated Vehicles on the Transport System and How to Create Policies that Target Sustainable Development Goals
- Part II
- Chapter 4: Crafting Effective Policy Instruments for ‘Smart Mobility’: Can Multi-level Governance Deliver?
- Chapter 5: Planning Urban Futures for Autonomous and Shared Vehicles: The Role of Planning Support Tools as a Policy Instrument
- Chapter 6: Challenges for Government as Facilitator and Umpire of Innovation in Urban Transport: The View from Australia
- Chapter 7: Experimental Governance of Smart Mobility: Some Normative Implications
- Part III
- Chapter 8: Smart Mobility as a Catalyst for Policy Change Towards Low Carbon Mobility?
- Chapter 9: Is Governing Capacity Undermined? Policy Instruments in Smart Mobility Futures
- Chapter 10: Micromobility – Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities
- Chapter 11: Smart Public Transport in Rural Areas: Prospects, Challenges and Policy Needs
- Chapter 12: Governance and Citizen Participation in Shaping Futures of Smart Mobility
- Index