Abstract services

, 150

Absurdly strong environmental sustainability

, 83

Absurdly strong sustainability

, 36

‘Acres of wetlands’

, 38

Adidas

, 13

Advertisements

, 154

Advertising

, 154

‘Agenda 21’

, 34

Alphabet

, 11

Amazon

, 231

Animal Lovers

, 121–122

Anthropocentric thinking

, 102

Apathetic consumers

, 124

Apple

, 11

Artificial intelligence

, 229–230

Audi

, 25

Autonomous systems

, 229

Balance Scorecards

, 5–6

Bargaining power of buyers

, 200–201

Bargaining power of suppliers

, 200

Basic Browns

, 135

Behavioural greens

, 133–134

Behaviouristic management

, 4–5

Benchmarking

, 5–6

Big Data

, 6

Biocentric approaches

, 102

Biodegradable plastic

, 88

Biodiversity, loss of

, 87

‘Blame it on the manager’

, 6

Blog posts

, 247

Blogging

, 140

Blue Ocean Strategy

, 6

BMW

, 13, 49

Bottom-up approach

, 97

Brand equity

, 165

Branding

, 163–164

Brands

, 245

Brundtland Commission

, 79–80

Brundtland Report

, 93

Bubble wrap

, 89

Bundling

, 58

Bunge

, 73

Business

, 3

business-level strategy

, 223–224

business-unit strategy

, 223

case

, 41

history of business management

, 4–6

importance of economic sustainability in

, 111–112

process reengineering

, 5–6

social responsibility of

, 51–52

sustainability

, 93–94

sustainability in

, 7, 9, 13–14

transformation

, 188

Business environment

, 193

macro environment

, 197–199

micro environment

, 196–197

Porter’s approach to sustainable industry analysis

, 200–203

sustainability and

, 193–196

‘Buy-one-get-one’ offer

, 154

Buyback program

, 41

C&A

, 180

Capacity to endure

, 80–81

Capital

, 81–82

Carbon tax

, 90

Cause marketing

, 22

Cause-related marketing

, 22

Celebrity influencers

, 245

Centralisation

, 4

Chevrolet

, 49

Chevy

, 49

chlorofluorocarbons emissions (CFCs emissions)

, 87–88

Co-integration of sustainability into marketing practices

, 64–67

process of integration

, 65–67

Co-opetiton

, 201–202

Coca-Cola

, 73, 124

Coercive drivers

, 9

Communication

, 68

Community engagement

, 98–99

Community relations

, 51–52

Community volunteering

, 22

Competitive advantages of sustainability marketing

, 203–204

Competitive rivalry

, 201–202

Competitors

, 197

Consequentialist approaches

, 101

Consumer engagement

, 98

Consumer-oriented marketing

, 69

‘Consumer’s interest

, 120–121

Consumerism

, 51

Consumers

, 147

Content marketing

, 140

Conventional marketing practices. See also Database marketing

, 17

capture value from customers

, 26–27

eras

, 19

evolution of marketing

, 20–25

history

, 18–20

Core, Co-operative, Credible, Consumer Benefits, Commitment, Conversational, Consistency, Continuity (8 Cs)

, 127–128

Corn-starch

, 88–89

Corporate communication

, 167

Corporate decision-makers

, 10–11

Corporate identity

, 166

Corporate image

, 166–167

Corporate implementation of sustainability

, 217–218

Corporate philanthropy

, 22

Corporate reputation

, 167–168

Corporate social marketing

, 22

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

, 6–7, 9–10, 40, 94

Corporate stakeholders of sustainability

, 96–99

Corporate strategy

, 9–10

Corporate sustainability (CS)

, 40, 93–94

and responsibility

, 94

Corporate-level strategy

, 222–223

Costco

, 220–221

Cost focus

, 220–221

Cost leadership

, 220–221

Cost savings

, 203–204

Critical management

, 6

Cultivated natural capital

, 82

Customer acquisition

, 139–144

strategies

, 139, 141–143

Customer acquisition cost (CAC)

, 141–142

minimizing

, 142

Customer analysis

, 212–213

Customer attrition or turnover

, 143

Customer churn

, 143–144

Customer cost

, 71

Customer equity

, 27

Customer lifetime value (CLV)

, 26

Customer relationship management (CRM)

, 26

Customer solution, Customer cost, Convenience, and Communication (4Cs)

, 54

Customer(s)

, 196

customer value marketing

, 69

customer-driven marketing strategy

, 25–26

relations

, 26

retention

, 143–144

satisfying customers and promoters

, 144

Database marketing

benefits

, 242

challenges

, 243

and sustainability

, 242–243

Daysmarket segmentation

, 120

Decision-makers

, 211–212

Dedicated consumers

, 123

Degree of compromise

, 137

Degree of confidence

, 137

Dell

, 201–202

Deloitte

, 98–99

Democracy

, 103

Demographic environment

, 199

Demographic factors

, 120

Deontological approaches

, 102

Desertification

, 86–87

DHL

, 234–235

Die Hard Greens

, 121

Differentiation

, 221

focus

, 220–221

strategy

, 221

Digitalization-sustainability convergence

, 229–230

Direct mail advertising

, 154

Disney

, 17

Diversity

, 103

Division of labour

, 4

‘Doing good’

, 8

‘Doing well’

, 8

Door-to-door marketing

, 19–20

Dow Chemical

, 75

Dusty Knuckle Pizza Company

, 124

E-books

, 140

E-commerce

and economic sustainability

, 232

and environmental sustainability

, 231–232

and social sustainability

, 232

and sustainability

, 230–232

Early adopters

, 122

Eco-centrism approaches

, 102

Eco-influencers

, 244

Eco-labels

, 151

Ecological innovations in marketing

, 52–53

Ecological marketing

, 22–23

Ecological objectives

, 69–70

Ecological sustainability

, 6–7

Ecologically Concerned Consumer

, 22–23

Ecology

, 112–113

merging economics with ecology

, 113

Economic environment

, 198

Economic measures

, 39

Economic objectives

, 70

Economic pillar

, 109

Economic regeneration

, 110

Economic sustainability

, 97, 108

e-commerce and

, 232

importance of economic sustainability in business

, 111–112

and sustainable regeneration

, 109–110

Economy

, 112–113

merging economics with ecology

, 113

Eight Cs of sustainability branding

, 127–128

Email marketing

, 140–141

Employee engagement

, 98–99

Employees, attracting and retaining

, 204

Enterprise integration

, 9–10

Environmental, social, and governance metrics (ESG metrics)

, 8

Environmental affect

, 120

Environmental ethics

, 101

Environmental measures

, 39

Environmental orientation

, 80

Environmental scanning

, 193

Environmental sustainability. See also Social sustainability

, 80–81

degrees of

, 82–84

issues

, 86, 88, 90

Environmental sustainability

, 97

e-commerce and

, 231–232

Environmentalism

, 80

Equity

, 103

Ethical issues in sustainability marketing

, 99–103

Ethics

, 99

Explicit knowledge

, 183

Exposure to new markets

, 204

External business environment

, 195–196

ExxonKnew

, 67

ExxonMobil

, 67

Eye tracking

, 249

Facial coding

, 249

Fair Trade Coffee

, 57

Fair trade strategy

, 153

Ferrari

, 49

Fifth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development (MCED)

, 41

Financial capability

, 194

Firms

, 42–43, 51–52, 96, 154, 177–178, 184, 193, 199

Fish farming

, 85

Focus

, 221–222

Food waste

, 87

Ford

, 49

Free products

, 247

Functional organisations

, 4–5

Functional resources and capabilities with sustainability

, 206–207

Functional strategy

, 224

Galvanic skin response

, 249

General Motors

, 11

Generation Z

, 67

Generic lists, instantiation of

, 97

Giordano

, 18

Globalization

, 44–45

GLS

, 234–235

‘Going on faith’

, 219

Gold mining industry

, 72

Governance

, 103

Governance pillar. See Economic pillar

Green brands

, 164

Green consumers

, 120–121, 133–135

Green economics

, 41

Green hype

, 155

Green marketing

, 23

Green materials

, 89

Green products

, 98

Greenback Greens

, 121

Greenbacks

, 134

Greener marketing

, 23

Greenhouse gases (GHGs)

, 79–80

Greenwashing

, 67–68, 155

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 111

Grousers

, 134–135

Growth share matrix (BCG)

, 5

Guest posting

, 247

Guides

, 140

H&M

, 123, 235, 244–245

Health Fanatics

, 121–122

Heart rate

, 249

Heinz

, 65

Henkel

, 127

‘Higher order’ learning

, 185

Honda

, 49

HP

, 201–202

Human capital

, 81–82

Human Resource movement (HR movement)

, 4–5

Humanistic management

, 4–5

IKEA

, 38, 215

Impact Travel Alliance

, 245

Income

, 112–113

Indiana Business Research Center’s Innovation Index

, 38

Individual sustainability

, 97

Influencer marketing. See also Database marketing

benefits of

, 246

strategies

, 246–247

and sustainability

, 244–247

Information and communication technology (ICT)

, 232

Information management

, 187

Innovation

, 186–187

Innovative marketing

, 69

Intellectual assets

, 188

Intentional pricing

, 68

Internal business environment

, 195

Internet of things

, 229

Kansai Nerolac

, 53–54

Key performance indicators (KPIs)

, 10

Knowledge economy

, 184

Knowledge management (KM)

, 183–188

practices

, 183–184

and sustainable development

, 186–188

Knowledge-based system

, 187–188

Kurzemes Piens

, 7

Laissez-Faire Greens

, 121

LARQ

, 234

Leadership

, 204

Lean manufacturing

, 5–6

Learning organization

, 188

Lenovo

, 201–202

Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability consumers (LOHAS consumers)

, 10

Long-term collaborations with influencers

, 246–247

Lush

, 143

Macro business environment

, 197–199

Man-made capital

, 81–82

Market drivers

, 9

Market segmentation

, 120

Market transformation

, 10–11

Marketers

, 17, 20, 89, 147, 169

Marketing. See also Sustainability marketing

, 35, 63, 169, 178

capability

, 195

customer-driven marketing strategy

, 25–26

high customer value

, 26

intermediary

, 196–197

management

, 17

marketplace and customers

, 25

mix

, 70–72

mix

, 148–158

opportunities

, 67–68

profitable customer relations and delight customers

, 26

segmentation

, 120–121

social criticisms of

, 53–54

social sustainability in

, 95–96

socio-ecological innovation in

, 52–53

strategy

, 54

Maximum sustained yield (MSY)

, 83–84

McDonald

, 17

Meadowcroft

, 44–45

Mega influencers

, 245

Metrics to assess initiatives

, 42

Micro business environment

, 196–197

Micro-influencers

, 245

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

, 34

Minimalist influencers

, 245–246

Modern marketing

, 20

Monadnock

, 202

Monetarism

, 5–6

Motive alliances

, 58

Multi-sustainability brands

, 128

Naive consumers

, 124

Nano influencers

, 245

National Research Council (NRC)

, 35

Natural capital

, 81–82

Natural environment

, 51

Negative labels

, 151

Nestle

, 13

Neurological tools and sustainability

, 248–249

Neuromarketing and sustainability

, 247–249

New Right

, 5–6

New sustainability brands

, 128

Nike

, 13, 17, 21, 74, 123

Nissan

, 49

Non-anthropocentric approaches

, 102

Non-governmental organizations (NGO)

, 98–99, 184

Ocean fishing

, 85

Olive

, 233

One-time use labels

, 151

Ooho

, 125

Operations capability

, 194–195

Organic search marketing

, 140

Organic social media

, 140

Organigrams, analysis of

, 97

Organisational goals

, 17

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 41

Organizational learning

, 177–178

Organizations

, 18–19, 44, 80, 96, 239

‘Our Common Future’

, 6, 33, 79–80, 93

Packaging

, 89

Packhelp

, 231

Paid search marketing

, 140

Paid social media

, 140

Passive consumers

, 125

Passive group

, 125

Patagonia

, 12

Pay-per-click. See Paid search marketing

PWC Recycled Paper and cardboard

, 88

Pepsi

, 202

PepsiCo

, 199

Personal selling

, 155

Place/convenience

, 55–56

Planet passionates

, 120–122

Point of sale

, 155

Political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental analysis (PESTLE analysis)

, 213–214

Political environment

, 197–198

Pollution

, 87–88

Pollution Prevention Pays

, 74

Popular and individualized management

, 5–6

Porsche

, 25

Porter’s approach to sustainable industry analysis

, 200–203

Porter’s competitive strategy

, 220–222

cost leadership

, 220–221

differentiation

, 221

focus

, 221–222

Porter’s Five Forces model

, 200, 203, 214

Post-Consumer Waste (PWC)

, 88

Potential Greens

, 134

Price

, 151

Price/customer cost

, 55

Prima facie duty

, 102

Primary stakeholders

, 96

Procter & Gamble (P&G)

, 17, 74, 123

Product, Price, Place and Promotion (4Ps)

, 54, 70, 148

Product positioning

, 125–128

Product-related services

, 150

Product/customer solution

, 55

Products

, 196

Profitability

, 108–109

Promotion/communication

, 56

Psychographic factors

, 120

Public relations

, 154–155

Puma

, 89

Quality of life

, 103

Rana Plaza disaster

, 96

Recycling

, 84

Reduced risk

, 204

Regulatory environment

, 198

Repurposed packaging

, 89

Reputation

, 204

Resource drivers

, 9

Resource loops

, 151

Responsible business practices

, 22

Resultative services

, 150

Return on Investment (ROI)

, 141

Revenues

, 70

Reverse logistics

, 156–157

Rhude

, 67

Right to be heard

, 51

Right to be informed

, 51

Right to choose

, 51

Right to safety

, 51

‘Rio Declaration on Environment and Development’

, 34

Robotics

, 229

Sainsbury

, 231

Sales promotion

, 154

SAP

, 244

Satisfaction of customer needs

, 70

Scepticism

, 169–170

Scientific Certification Systems

, 98

Scientific management

, 4

Search engine optimization (SEO)

, 140

Search engine results page (SERP)

, 140

Search marketing

, 140

Seat

, 25

Secondary stakeholders

, 96

Segmentation

, 120

Sense-of-mission marketing

, 69

Services substituting product

, 150

Shareholder value

, 5–6

Sharp

, 98–99

Sheyn

, 235

Situation analysis

, 212–216

factors

, 212

importance

, 215–216

steps

, 212–213

tools

, 213–215

Six Sigma

, 5–6

Smart

, 49

Social cohesion

, 103

Social criticisms of marketing

, 53–54

Social drivers

, 9

Social innovations in marketing

, 52

Social marketing

, 20–22

Social measures

, 39

Social media

, 98

Social media marketing

, 140

and sustainability

, 243–244

Social objectives

, 70

Social responsibility

of business

, 51–52

of businessmen

, 40

Social sustainability

, 94, 96–97

dimensions or issues

, 103

e-commerce and

, 232

in marketing

, 95–96

Societal marketing

, 20, 22, 69

Socio-cultural environment

, 197

Socio-ecological balance

, 50–51

Socio-ecological innovation in marketing

, 52–53

Soil exploitation and overbuilding

, 87

SPARK Neuro

, 248

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound (SMART)

, 12

Sponsorship

, 155

Sprint

, 41

Sprouts

, 134

Stakeholders

, 6, 96

approaches for stakeholder identification

, 96–99

engaging

, 97

theory

, 40

Standardization

, 4

Starbucks

, 157

‘Starting with plan’

, 219

Strategic management

, 5

Strategic planning

, 5

Strategic pricing strategies

, 152–153

Strategic promotion approach

, 154

Strategic sustainability marketing

, 178–182

Strategy content and sustainability

, 222–224

Strategy Maps

, 5–6

Strong environmental sustainability

, 83

Strong sustainability

, 36

Suppliers

, 197

Supply chain Sustainability

, 205–206

Sustainability

, 6–7, 10, 44–45, 63–64, 93, 99, 107, 119, 148, 158, 163

barriers in positioning sustainability products

, 128–129

barriers to

, 42–44

of biosphere

, 182

and brand equity

, 165

in business

, 7–9

and business environment

, 193–196

challenges in business

, 41–42

of community/society/ethno-sphere

, 181–182

and consumption

, 35

corporate communication

, 167

and corporate identity

, 166

and corporate image

, 166–167

and corporate reputation

, 167–168

corporate stakeholders of

, 96–99

dimensions

, 107–108

e-commerce and

, 230–232

of employees

, 180–181

engagement

, 98

functional resources and capabilities with

, 206–207

influencers

, 244

and influencers

, 245–247

integration of three pillars of

, 113–115

line extension

, 128

management

, 218

and marketing mix

, 70–72

and natural capital

, 81–82

in online shopping

, 234–235

operations

, 217

opportunities

, 67–68

of organization

, 180

phases

, 9–11

pricing

, 152

strategy

, 164

theories

, 40–41

tips for marketing to types of sustainable consumers

, 129–130

types

, 35–36

value chain

, 205–206

in value chains

, 206

Sustainability brand(ing)

, 164–165

development

, 128

extension

, 128

integration

, 164–165

and scepticism

, 169–170

strategy

, 168–169

Sustainability goal setting

, 218–219

audience

, 218–219

conduct extensive research

, 219

motivation

, 218

weigh options

, 219

Sustainability marketing

, 24–25, 54, 63–64, 120–121, 147, 217–218

advantages

, 72–76

avoiding

, 58

challenges for

, 240–241

co-integration of sustainability into marketing practices

, 64–67

competitive advantages of

, 203–204

corporate image-related challenges

, 241

environment and

, 80–84

evolution framework

, 21

integration of business strategy and sustainability goals

, 216–218

market-related challenges

, 240–241

mix strategies

, 147

myopia

, 56–58

operational challenges

, 241

Porter’s competitive strategy

, 220–222

principles of

, 69

and product positioning

, 125–128

profitability and

, 108–109

situation analysis

, 212–216

strategy content and sustainability

, 222–224

values and objectives

, 69–70

Sustainability SWOT analysis (sSWOT)

, 214–215

Sustainable brand(ing)

, 125, 164

positioning

, 125

strategy

, 168–169

Sustainable business practices

, 99

Sustainable business strategy

, 11–14

Sustainable communication

, 71, 153, 156

Sustainable consumer

, 133, 135–136

behaviour

, 136–139

customer acquisition

, 139–144

Sustainable consumption

, 133

Sustainable cost

, 71, 151, 153

Sustainable design

, 68

Sustainable development

, 6, 93, 109–110, 186, 188

developing period

, 34–35

embryonic period

, 32–33

molding period

, 33

phases of

, 32–35

to sustainability science

, 35

Sustainable E-commerce

, 232–234

communicating

, 235–236

Sustainable fashion influencers

, 245

Sustainable marketing

, 23–24

Sustainable markets

targeting audience in

, 121–125

targeting consumers on internet

, 122–125

ways to appeal to different consumer segments

, 121–122

Sustainable organization

, 183

Sustainable placement and distribution

, 71–72, 156, 158

Sustainable regeneration

, 109–110

Sustainable solution

, 71, 148, 151

Sustainable travel influencers

, 245

Sustainable web design

, 90

SWOT analysis

, 5, 213

Tacit knowledge

, 183

Tactical strategies

, 152

Takeovers

, 247

Target market

, 119–120

Technical sustainability

, 97

Technological environment

, 198–199

TerraCycle

, 123

Tesla

, 11, 13, 202–203

The Not So Green consumers

, 121

Think Green Consumers

, 134

Threat of new entry

, 202–203

Threat of substitution

, 202

3D farming

, 85

3M

, 74

Three pillars of sustainability

, 6–7

Three Ps of sustainability

, 37

Three Rs (Reduce, Reuse and E-cycle)

, 124

Tiffany

, 221

TOMS

, 231

Top-down using sustainability dimensions

, 97

Total quality management (TQM)

, 5–6

‘Towards Green Growth’

, 41

Toyota

, 13, 17

Traditional marketing

, 54

Transparency

, 14, 68

Triple bottom line approach (TBL)

, 36–37, 39, 163

calculating

, 37–39

framework

, 95

True Blues

, 134

True Browns

, 134

True-Blue Greens

, 121

Trust

, 232

Twitter

, 98

2degrees

, 42

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 38

Unilever

, 13, 38, 65, 123

Unique selling point (USP)

, 164

United Nation Environment Programme (UNEP)

, 41

United Nations (UN)

, 79–80

United Nations Millennium

, 34

Value chain

stages of

, 205

sustainability in

, 206

Value Innovation

, 6

Valuing Natural Capital initiative

, 42

Videos

, 140

Virtue ethics

, 102–103

Volkswagen

, 25

Walmart

, 220–221

Weak environmental sustainability

, 82–83

Weak sustainability

, 35–36

Whirlpool

, 10

World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)

, 33, 79–80

Zara

, 245

Zero-waste influencers

, 245–246