Index
The Branding of Tourist Destinations: Theoretical and Empirical Insights
ISBN: 978-1-78769-374-6, eISBN: 978-1-78769-373-9
Publication date: 4 December 2018
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2018), "Index", Camilleri, M.A. (Ed.) The Branding of Tourist Destinations: Theoretical and Empirical Insights, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-373-920181013
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Index
ABBA Museum
, 62, 63, 70–71, 73, 76–77
AC2ID Test
, 27
Academic knowledge, gaps in
, 51–53
Academic literature policymakers
, 98
Adaptability
, 47
Advanced understanding
, 17
Agency theory
, 49–50
Agricultural/agriculture
activities
, 88
products/gastronomy
, 160
threat
, 174
Agritourism
, (see also Tourism), 84–85, 148, 150–151, 154, 168
in Campania
, 89–91
in Italy
, 85–89
Air service agreements (ASAs)
, 13–14
Airline industry
, 9, 12
American Marketing Association
, 17
Analysis of variance test (ANOVA test)
, 138, 140
Andalucia
, 168
Anecdotal evidence
, 62
Artistic event
, 116
Attitudinal loyalty
, 211
Attitudinal perception
, 119
Attribute-based impression
, 25
Average variance extracted (AVE)
, 220
Azuay Participatory Development Plan (2005–2015)
, 176
Back-to-translation method
, 191
Bartlett’s test of sphericity
, 138
Benevolence trust
, 211
Bias-corrected technique
, 191
Biosphere Reserve
, 156
Blind spots in methods and approach
, 56
Board relations
, 51–52
Boosting brand equity
, 119–121
Bootstrap method
, 191, 193
Brand equity
, 29, 117–118, 199
boosting
, 119–121
emerged concept
, 16
Brand loyalty (BL)
, 119, 211, 215, 216
CBI and
, 213
customer commitment and
, 214
customer satisfaction and
, 214–215
development
, 208–209
Brand trust (BT)
, 215, 219, 227
CBI and
, 213
and customer commitment
, 214
customer satisfaction and
, 214
Brand(ing)
, 42, 185
activities
, 228
assessment
, 186
associations
, 118, 119
awareness/brand salience
, 118
centricity
, 31
city
, 20, 21, 28, 114
connect to places
, 17–19
corporate
, 23
deconstructing place brand
, 24–25
effectiveness of Place Branding
, 29–32
evolution of concept of Place Branding
, 19–21
extension
, 187, 189, 204
future research directions
, 33–34
management
, 226
multi-dimensional perspectives of destination branding
, 21–23
nation
, 65–66, 72
practice of livestock trade
, 16
process
, 26–29, 30, 42
recommendations
, 33
salience
, 118
Business
design
, 99
strategies
, 15–16
tourism
, 2–3, 148
Business to consumer perspective (B2C perspective)
, 108
Business-to-business perspective (B2B perspective)
, 101
Campania, agritourism in
, 89–91
Campanian culinary tradition
, 90
Capabilities
, 8
Capital structure
, 7–8
Chi-square test
, 137
City Brand Hexagon (CBH)
, 24
City branding
, 20, 21, 28, 114
City thematisation
, 32
Civic event
, 116
Clean/renewable environmental technology
, 174
Climatic variability
, 175
Clusters of resources and services
, 21
Co-consumption
, 21
Co-operation
, 176
Co-production
, 21
Co-responsibility
, 176
Cognitive image
, 120
Collaboration commitment
, 50
Collaboration enhancing competitiveness
, 50
Commitment
, (see also Customer commitment (CC)), 210, 211, 224, 227
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
, 156
Communication programs
, 143
Community
participation
, 153
sector
, 45–46
tourism
, 45
Competition
, 2
in deregulated airline market
, 12–13
identification
, 9–10
Competitive forces
, 9
Competitiveness
, 149
Complexity–simplicity paradox
, 33
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
, 191, 218, 220
Conservation strategies
, 174
Consistency
, 47
Consumer
experience
, 121
satisfaction
, 120
Consumer-based brand equity (CBBE)
, 115, 121
events
, 113–114, 117–119
organisation of events
, 115–124
types of tourism
, 114–115
Consumption in experience economy
, 66–67
Contemporary cultural tourism
, 101–103
Convenience sampling
, 191, 217
Cooperative branding
, 168
Coordination
, 176
Corporate brands
, 23
Corporate governance
, 45
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
, 173
Correlation matrix
, 137
Cortijo
, 160, 168
Country-of-origin image (COI)
, 186, 187, 190, 204
brand extension
, 185
COI and brand extension
, 186–188
data analysis
, 191–192
DBE
, 186
demographic findings
, 193
examination of tourists’ perceptions and attitudes
, 190
future research directions
, 199
instrument
, 190–191
measurement items
, 204–205
measurement model
, 193, 194
methodology
, 190
moderating effects of hedonic and monetary value
, 195–197
OBE as mediator
, 188–189
perceived value as moderator
, 189–190
practical implications
, 198–199
research model
, 192
sampling
, 191
structural model
, 193–195
theoretical implications
, 197–198
Creative industries
, 100
Creative tourism
, 98–99, 101
Credibility trust
, 211
Cronbach’s alpha coefficient
, 137
Cultural tourism
, 97–98, 151
in changing world
, 99–101
Cultural/culture
, 69–70, 99
environment
, 5–6
events
, 114, 116
moment in tourism
, 100
Curators of Sweden
, 62, 64, 65, 72
Currency rates
, 5
Customer
brand identification
, 209
centricity
, 31
self-expression
, 207
Customer brand identification (CBI)
, 208, 209, 210, 223
and brand loyalty
, 213
and brand trust
, 213
customer commitment and
, 212
customer satisfaction and
, 212–213
Customer commitment (CC)
, 213
and brand loyalty
, 214
brand trust and
, 214
CBI and
, 212
Customer satisfaction (CS)
, 130, 134–135, 212, 213, 226
and brand loyalty
, 214–215
and brand trust
, 214
CBI and
, 212–213
Customer–company relationships
, 210
Customised sound experience
, 75
Dante Alighieri cultural society
, 105
Data analysis
, 191–192
Decision-making process
, 22–23, 159, 189
Declaration of Rio de Janeiro (1992)
, 176
Deconstructing place brand
, 24–25
Deforestation
, 174
Demand-side approach
, 133
Democracy-based approach
, 153
Democratic design process
, 79
Democratic interior design
, 71, 79
Demographic information
, 217
Descriptive analysis
, 217, 219–220
Destination
attractiveness improvement
, 121–123
image
, 22, 25, 120, 123
as service branding
, 23
Destination brand extension (DBE)
, 186
Destination branding
, 18–19, 29, 42, 62, 114, 115, 117
case studies from Sweden
, 74–79
multi-dimensional perspectives
, 21–23
multisensory experiences
, 65–71
solutions and recommendations
, 72–73
Destination management organisations (DMOs)
, (see Destination marketing organisation (DMO))
Destination marketing
, 15–16, 18–19, 42, 43–44, 50, 53
events for
, 115–116
Destination Marketing Association International (DMAI)
, 54
Destination marketing organisation (DMO)
, 1, 23, 32, 43–44, 47, 51, 190, 197–199
blind spots in methods and approach
, 56
defects of stakeholder theory and governance
, 55–56
innovation
, 56–57
managing
, 53
strategy, control and services
, 54–55
understanding structure
, 53–54
Diputación Provincial de Jaén
, 161, 168
Discriminant validity
, 193
Disintermediation phenomena
, 100
Eco-hotel managers
, 174
Economic globalisation
, 171
Economic issues
, 5
Ecotourism
, 172
Ecuador
environment in
, 174–175
environmental responsibility in
, 171–172
Emotion
, 121
Employee satisfaction and strategy
, 47–48
Encuesta de Coyuntura Turística de Andalucía (IECA)
, 158
Enjoyment-associated benefits
, 72
Enotourism
, 151
Entrepreneurs
, 45, 85
Environment(al)
, 169, 170
analysis process
, 2
contamination
, 171
context
, 178–179
in Ecuador
, 174–175
issue
, 171
management
, 173
recent bibliography on
, 172–174
responsibility in Ecuador
, 171–172
scanning
, 2
sustainability
, 172
Environmental Management Law
, 176
Equatorial Semi-Humid Mesothermic climate
, 175
Equity-connected dimensions
, 34
‘Essence of Wine’ case study
, 130, 137
analysis
, 137
data collection
, 137
demographic profile
, 138
event satisfaction dimensions
, 138–141
event segmentation
, 135–136
event tourism
, 133–135
events
, 129–130
events and events management
, 131–132
future research directions
, 143
levels of event satisfaction
, 138
quantitative analysis
, 137–138
research model and hypothesis
, 136–137
solutions and recommendations
, 141–143
tourism
, 130–131
European Union regulations
, 4
Event(s)
, 113–114, 129, 130, 131–132
boosting brand equity
, 119–121
brand equity
, 119, 121
branding
, 117
CBBE of events
, 117–119
characteristics
, 120
destination image
, 123
for destination marketing
, 115–116
health tourism
, 151
image
, 119–120
improving destination’s attractiveness
, 121–123
leisure
, 116
management
, 131–132, 134
marketing process
, 115
music festivals
, 123–124
organisers
, 135
satisfaction dimensions
, 138
segmentation
, 135–136
tourism
, 114, 116–117, 130, 133–135
types
, 120
typology
, 132
Exchange rate
, 5
Experience
, (see also Multisensory experiences), 121, 122
ICEHOTEL
, 71
luxurious ice
, 77
Experiencescapes
, 68
Experiential or sensory marketing approach
, 69
‘Experiential’ tourism
, 101
External environment
, 2
Extraordinary Valorisation Plan of Marche (2018–2020)
, 106
Fantasy
, 121
Festivals
, 114
Financial Times, The
, 147
Five senses
, 68–69, 73
Five-point Likert scale
, 137
Folkloric event
, 116
Food tourism
, 151
Food-based tourism
, 151
Fordist model
, 170
Foreign tourist (FT)
, 137
‘Freedoms of Air’
, 13
Functional characteristics
, 25
Genealogy tourism development
, 109
Generic competitive strategies
, 10
Geological threats
, 175
Glamping
, 91
Global environmental crisis
, 171
Global Risk Index
, 175
Globalisation
, 149, 170
Governance
, 45, 49–50
defects of stakeholder theory and
, 55–56
and management approaches
, 99
Green Lodging Service Quality Scale (GLSERV scale)
, 173
H&M
, 63, 72
Hedonic value
, 191, 204
moderating effects of
, 195–197
Heritage, Language, Lifestyle and ‘Made in Italy’ model (H2LM model)
, 99
application in Marche region
, 106–108
cultural tourism in changing world
, 99–101
further evolution and applications
, 108–109
local creativity and lifestyle in contemporary cultural tourism
, 101–103
from origin to destination
, 103–106, 107
Heritage and cultural tourism
, 98
Holistic (imagery) impression
, 25
Hospitality
, 208, 210, 211
‘Hotel Managers’ attitudes
, 169
environment in Ecuador
, 174–175
environmental context
, 178–179
environmental responsibility in Ecuador
, 171–172
history of Azuay
, 175–177
methodology
, 177–178
recent bibliography on environment
, 172–174
social historical process
, 170–171
ICEHOTEL
, 71, 77
Identity motives
, 207
IKEA Museum
, 62–63, 67, 70–74, 78–79
Image
, (see also Country-of-origin image (COI)), 119
brand
, 187
cognitive
, 120
destination
, 22, 25, 120, 123
event
, 119–120
macro-image
, 188
micro-image
, 188, 197
place
, 26
Individual(s)
, 45
resources or services
, 21
self-concept
, 208
Individualism–collectivism
, 69–70
Information Communication Technologies (ICT)
, 98, 102
Innovation
, 56–57
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)
, 156
Intention
to recommend
, 120–122
to repurchase
, 120
to revisit
, 122
Internal environment
, 2
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM Corporation)
, 69–70
International corporations
, 3–4
International Olive Oil Council (IOOC)
, 154
Interpreting place
, 21–23
Interprofesional De Los Aceites De Oliva
, 168
Involvement
, 47
Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)
, 86
Italian soft power and H2LM
, 103–106, 107
Italian Way of Life consumption
, 104
Italy
agritourism in
, 85–89
artistic heritage
, 104
Jaén
, 168
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO)
, 137
KTO Tourist Information Center of Seoul (South Korea)
, 7
Landscape
, 160–161
Leadership
, 47–48
Legal issues
, 4–5
Leisure
, 160
event
, 116
Local creativity and lifestyle in contemporary cultural tourism
, 101–103
Local tourism development
, 152–154
Low-cost carriers (LCCs)
, 2, 10
Loyalty
, 118, 208
attitudinal
, 211
Luxurious ice experience
, 77
Macro-COI
, 190, 197, 204
Macro-environment
, (see also Micro-environment), 2, 115
economic issues
, 5
political, legal and regulatory issues
, 4–5
social issues
, 5–6
technological issues
, 6–7
Macro-image
, 188
Management strategy
, 130
Marche region, H2LM model application in
, 106–108
Marketing
, 130
intermediaries
, 8
variables
, 223
Marketing environment
, 2
ASAs
, 13–14
competition in deregulated airline market
, 12–13
environmental scanning
, 2
identifying competition
, 9–10
macro-environment
, 2–7
micro-environment
, 7–8
open skies agreement
, 14
Masculinity–femininity
, 69–70
Measurement model
, 218
Meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions tourism (MICE tourism)
, 102
‘Megaproduct’ territory
, 149
Micro-COI
, 190, 197, 204
Micro-environment
, (see also Macro-environment), 7
capabilities
, 8
capital structure
, 7–8
company aims and objectives
, 8
marketing intermediaries
, 8
resources
, 8
Micro-image
, 188
perceptions
, 197
Mission
, 47
Mixed methods study
, 52–53
Mobile application
, 7
Modern societies
, 171
Monetary value
, 189, 204
moderating effects of
, 195–197
Multi-dimensional perspectives of destination branding
, 21–23
Multisensory aspects
, 121
Multisensory experiences
, 65
branding nation
, 65–66
experiential view of consumption in experience economy
, 66–67
place multisensory brand experiences
, 68–69
‘Swedishness’ through multisensory experiences
, 69–71
Music festivals
, 121, 123–124
National Climate Change Strategy
, 175
National tourist (NT)
, 137
‘Niño’ phenomenon
, 175
Non-evaluative perception
, 119
Non-parametric Chi-square test
, 138, 140
Northern Sweden
, 63
NOS Alive
, 124
NOS Primavera Sound
, 124
Oleotourism
, 147, 148, 151–152, 168
agritourism
, 150–151
application of proposed path
, 160–
case study from olive fields
, 154
local tourism development
, 152–154
path to analysis tourism-based phenomenon
, 158–160
quality olive oil
, 155–156
Spain
, 154–155
territorial marketing for tourism
, 148–150
tourism evolution in selected context
, 156–158
Olive oil tourism
, (see Oleotourism)
Open skies agreement
, 14
Organic agriculture principles
, 86–87
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 98
Organisational culture
, 47
Organisational identification theory
, 210
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
, 51–52
Overall brand equity (OBE)
, 186, 193, 198, 204
as mediator
, 188–189
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
, 5
Path to analysis tourism-based phenomenon
, 158–160
Perceived quality
, 118–119
Perceived value as moderator
, 189–190
Performance trust
, 211
Place
brand equity
, 42
image
, 26
management
, (see Place branding)
marketing
, 18
multisensory brand experiences
, 68–69
thematisation
, 42
Place branding
, 16, 17, 20, 42, 65
effectiveness
, 29–32
evolution of concept
, 19–21
process
, 26–29, 30
strategies
, 61–62
Political, economic, social and technological (PEST)
, 4
Political environment
, 46–47, 50–51
Political issues
, 4–5
Political risk assessment
, 3
Political theory
, 49–50
Popular understanding
, 17
Port wine
, 130
Post-consumer concepts
, 120
Post-travel experiences
, 136
Power distance
, 69–70
Pre-tests
, 137
Pre-travel expectations
, 136
Principal components analysis
, 138
Private sector
, 45–46
Private sector-based marketing techniques
, 17
Product-oriented approach
, 149
Promotional event
, 116
Province of Azuay
, 175
Psychological characteristics
, 25
Public activities
, 228
Public sector
, 45–46
Qualitative constructivist methodology
, 49
Quantitative analysis
, 137
Quantitative studies
, 52
Random sampling method
, 199
Re-intermediation phenomena
, 100
Recycling and reuse of waste
, 176
Regional Competitiveness Index
, 149
Regulatory issues
, 4–5
Relational qualities
, 211
Relationship marketing theory
, 211
Reliability of scales
, 220–221
Religious event
, 116
Representation of space
, 26
Representational space
, 26
Resource
, 149
dependency theory
, 49–50
Responsible tourism
, 147
Retrospective analysis
, 170
Rural areas
, 86
Rural tourism
, 85
Sampling
, 191, 199
Satisfaction
, 120–121, 134, 136, 141–142, 210, 212, 224
Scientific event
, 116
Segmentation
, 115, 130
Self-enhancement
, 207
Self-esteem
, 207
Service brands
, 208
Service dynamics
, 210
Silk Road tourism
, 147
Singapore Airlines (SIA)
, 13
Single voice for tourism
, 53
Social benefits
, 117
Social capital
, 154
bonding and bridging
, 47–48
Social exchange-based variable
, 226
Social factors
, 2, 6
Social historical process
, 170–171
Social identity
, 207–208, 215, 224, 226
brand loyalty
, 208–209, 211
BT and BL
, 215
CBI
, 210, 212–213
CC
, 213, 214
commitment
, 211
CS
, 212, 213, 214–215
demographic information
, 217
descriptive analysis
, 217, 219–220
limitations and directions for future research
, 228
measurements
, 216–218
practical implications
, 225–228
reliability and validity of scales
, 220–221
research methodology
, 216
research model and hypothesis development
, 215–216
sampling and data collection
, 217
SEM
, 221–223
theoretical implications
, 223–225
trust
, 211
Social identity theory (SIT)
, 208, 210
Social impacts
, 116
Social issues
, 5–6
Socio-Bosque (Socio-Forest) Programs
, 174
Socio-cultural characteristics
, 90
Socio-economic changes
, 18
Solidarity
, 176
Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment (MAFE)
, 155
Spatial anchorage
, 25
Spatial practices
, 26
Sport(ing) event
, 116, 120
Stakeholder approach for destination management organisations
gaps in academic knowledge
, 51–53
managing DMOs
, 53–57
strategic management
, 44–48, 48–51
theoretical foundation
, 48
Stakeholders
, 50, 114, 117, 148, 153, 161, 173
and stakeholder theory
, 44–48
theory
, 49–50
Stewardship theory
, 49–50
Strategic decision-making processes
, 54–55
Strategic management
, 44–48
Strategic marketing action
, 108–109
Structural equation modelling (SEM)
, 191, 218, 221–223
Sustainability
, 149
Sustainable tourism for region
, 91
Sweden on Airbnb. Explore the freedom to roam
, 72
Swedish Number, The
, 62, 66, 72
Swedish Number Campaign Case Study, The
, 74–79
Swedish tourism
, 62, 63, 74
Swedish Tourist Association (2016)
, 66, 74–75
Swedishness
, 62, 75–78
through multisensory experiences
, 69–71
Technological issues
, 6–7
Territorial marketing for tourism
, 148–150
Territory
, 148, 149
Thematic categories
, 69
Thematisation of place
, 31–32
Theme parties
, 114
Three-gap branding model
, 27, 30
Tourism
, (see also Agritourism), 45–46, 72, 84, 114, 130–131, 159, 172, 177, 208
businesses
, 2–3, 148
community
, 45
consumption phenomenon
, 62–63, 67
context
, 29
creative
, 98–99, 101
demand
, 101
development
, 129
economic development
, 51
event
, 133–135
evolution in selected context
, 156–158
governance
, 56
industry
, 2, 147
literature
, 61–62
management
, 172
marketers
, 6
organisations and entrepreneurs
, 4
researchers
, 210
tourism-based activities
, 159
Tourism marketing
environment
, 10–11
events in
, 116–117
Tourists
, 83–84, 86
behaviour
, 122
city
, 30–31
destination
, 24
destinations
, 69
event
, 116
Traditional marketing approach
, 67
Transaction cost theory
, 49–50
Transportation Security Administration
, 6
Trust
, 210, 211, 224
Two-step approach
, 191
Umbrella brands
, 114
Uncertainty avoidance
, 69–70
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
, 98
World Heritage site
, 51
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
, 147
Urban agglomeration or collection
, 21
Urban development
, 61–62
Urban policy literature
, 18
Urbanisation
, 85
Validity of scales
, 220–221
Value perceptions
, 189
Vía Verde del Aceite
, 160
Visitor of event (VS)
, 137
Visual, verbal, and behavioural expression
, 19
Volvo
, 63, 72
Wine connoisseur
, 138, 140
Wine tourism
, 151
Word-of-mouth behaviour (WOM behaviour)
, 122, 134, 227
World Tourism Barometer
, 63
World Tourism Organization
, 99
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 The Marketing Environment of Tourist Destinations
- Chapter 2 Branding Places and Tourist Destinations: A Conceptualisation and Review
- Chapter 3 A Stakeholder Approach for Destination Management Organisations
- Chapter 4 The Destination Branding through Multisensory Experiences: Case Studies from Sweden
- Chapter 5 The Development of the Agritourism Sector in Campania, Italy
- Chapter 6 Using the Destination’s Heritage, Language, Lifestyle and ‘Made in Italy’ as a Tourism Development Model
- Chapter 7 The Consumer-Based Brand Equity of Music Events: Two Case Studies from Portugal
- Chapter 8 Branding Porto: A Case Study of the ‘Essence of Wine’
- Chapter 9 Oleotourism Development in Jaén, Spain
- Chapter 10 The Hotel Managers’ Attitudes Towards Environmental Responsibility. An Empirical Study from Ecuador
- Chapter 11 The Moderating Effect of Perceived Value on the Relationship between Country Image and Destination Brand Extension in Alanya, Turkey
- Chapter 12 Exploring Customers’ Attitudes Towards the Hospitality Brands in India: A Social Identity Perspective
- Index