Total management: integrating manager, managing and managed

Abstract

There is an accelerating need for expanded awareness in today’s management as the task of the manager becomes increasingly complex. Presents a holistic model based on an on‐going interaction of a few fundamental components selected to represent management: goal, quality, productivity, profit, marketing, services and goods. These components range from abstract and expanded to concrete and restricted. Argues that there is an imbalanced focus on the last items listed. The different components of management are linked to different levels of human awareness: identity, feeling, intellect, mind, desire, senses and action. Research has shown that few managers have developed conscious contact with deeper levels of awareness, beyond the intellect. Total management requires simultaneous and spontaneous conscious awareness of all levels. In order to operationalize more holistic management, there is a need to supplement traditional education and human resource development (HRD) with a practical technology to enhance the wakefulness of the manager.

Citation

Harung, H.S. (1996), "Total management: integrating manager, managing and managed", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 4-21. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949610110523