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Article
Publication date: 28 April 2014

Zhiwei Li, Wenxin Huai, Zhonghua Yang, Zhongdong Qian and Yuhong Zeng

A radial offset jet has the flow characteristics of a radial jet and an offset jet, which are encountered in many engineering applications. The purpose of this paper is to study…

170

Abstract

Purpose

A radial offset jet has the flow characteristics of a radial jet and an offset jet, which are encountered in many engineering applications. The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics and mass transfer characteristics of the radial offset jet with an offset ratio 6, 8 and 12.

Design/methodology/approach

Three turbulence models, namely the SST k-? model, detached eddy simulation model, and improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES), were applied to the radial offset jet with an offset ratio eight and their results were compared with experimental results. The contrasting results, such as the distributions of mean and turbulent velocity and pressure, show that the IDDES model was the best model in simulating the radial offset jet. The results of the IDDES were analyzed, including the Reynolds stress, turbulent kinetic energy, triple-velocity correlations, vertical structure and the tracer concentration distribution.

Findings

In the axisymmetric plane, Reynolds stresses increase to reach a maximum at the location where the jet central line starts to be bent rapidly, and then decrease with increasing distance in the radial direction. The shear layer vortices, which arise from the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability near the jet exit, become larger scale results in the entrainment and vortex pairing, and breakdown when the jet approaches the wall. Near the wall, the vortex swirling direction is different at both front and back of attachment point. In the wall-jet region, the concentration distributions present self-similarity while it keeps constant below the jet in the recirculation region.

Research limitations/implications

The radial offset jet with other offset ratio and exit angle is not considered in this paper and should be investigated.

Originality/value

The results obtained in this paper will provide guidance for studying similar flow and a better understanding of the radial offset jet.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 30 September 2014

Wanyun Xue, Wenxin Huai, Zhongdong Qian, Zhonghua Yang and Yuhong Zeng

The purpose of this paper is to examine the initial mixing of wastewater discharged from submerged outfall diffusers and the influence of port configurations on wastewater…

227

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the initial mixing of wastewater discharged from submerged outfall diffusers and the influence of port configurations on wastewater distribution based on computational results.

Design/methodology/approach

Marine wastewater discharges from multiport diffusers are investigated by numerically solving three-dimensional and uncompressible two-phase flow fields. A mixture model simulates this flow and the standard k-e model to resolve flow turbulence; inter-phase interactions were described in terms of relative slip velocity between phases. Computations were performed for two values of the port spacings s/H with different current Froude numbers F.

Findings

Computational results compared well with previous laboratory measurements. Numerical results reveal that for both the closely spaced (s/H=0.21) and widely spaced (s/H=3.0) ports, the normalized dilution Sn becomes independent of F; further, the length of the near field xn and the spreading layer thickness hn are functions of F. For the closely spaced ports, the wastewater discharge behaves like a line plume, the Coanda effect is obvious, quasi-bifurcation is present, horseshoe structures of the jets in the planes are rapidly produced and then squashed and elongated, and the jet trajectories based on maximum velocity precede those based on maximum concentration. For the widely spaced ports, the wastewater discharge behaves like a point plume, the Coanda effect is not obvious, bifurcation is present, horseshoe structures of the jets in the planes are gradually produced and become ellipses, and the jet trajectories based on maximum velocity are similar to those based on maximum concentration.

Originality/value

Semi-empirical equations are presented to predict major near field characteristics. These provide guidance for designing multiport diffusers and assessing environmental impact.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 31 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Abstract

Subject area

Business strategy.

Study level/applicability

This case study is appropriate for MBA and EMBA courses, especially for courses oriented to emerging markets such as China. It can be used in Business Strategic Management or similar courses, combined with the methodology lectures of Managing Entry Modes and Competitive Strategy.

This case study provides material for understanding/studying the development of a large Chinese software enterprise.

Case overview

As a result of Chinese ITO and BPO market in the face of re-structuring in 2012, Huawei invested in ChinaSoft in May and Vance info merged with HiSoft in August, both of which make ChinaSoft the third largest market-share owner. However, ChinaSoft has a dilemma in its strategic planning for the next three years. If it cannot break through the suppression from the first and the second placed companies, it may lag behind very soon. If it strives for the No. 2 position in market share, is organic growth or M&A strategy the right approach to adopt? Thus, ChinaSoft is now in need of strategic reform and restructuring. The case study analyzes the approaches that Chinese enterprises can adopt in order to sustain overall cost leadership strategies and avoid the related risks in the ITO and BPO industry.

Expected learning outcomes

This case study intends to encourage students to learn and use methodologies such as Porter's competitive strategy framework; Rugman and Collinson's theory, selecting and managing entry modes; four basic global strategies, by Hill and Jones.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Details

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, vol. 3 no. 1
Type: Case Study
ISSN: 2045-0621

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Article
Publication date: 6 January 2022

Wuyong Qian, Hao Zhang, Aodi Sui and Yuhong Wang

The purpose of this study is to make a prediction of China's energy consumption structure from the perspective of compositional data and construct a novel grey model for…

270

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to make a prediction of China's energy consumption structure from the perspective of compositional data and construct a novel grey model for forecasting compositional data.

Design/methodology/approach

Due to the existing grey prediction model based on compositional data cannot effectively excavate the evolution law of correlation dimension sequence of compositional data. Thus, the adaptive discrete grey prediction model with innovation term based on compositional data is proposed to forecast the integral structure of China's energy consumption. The prediction results from the new model are then compared with three existing approaches and the comparison results indicate that the proposed model generally outperforms existing methods. A further prediction of China's energy consumption structure is conducted into a future horizon from 2021 to 2035 by using the model.

Findings

China's energy structure will change significantly in the medium and long term and China's energy consumption structure can reach the long-term goal. Besides, the proposed model can better mine and predict the development trend of single time series after the transformation of compositional data.

Originality/value

The paper considers the dynamic change of grey action quantity, the characteristics of compositional data and the impact of new information about the system itself on the current system development trend and proposes a novel adaptive discrete grey prediction model with innovation term based on compositional data, which fills the gap in previous studies.

Details

Grey Systems: Theory and Application, vol. 12 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2043-9377

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 18 April 2008

Yiannis Verginadis and Gregoris Mentzas

The paper aims to propose a web‐based “intermediation hybrid architecture” for a workflow management system that integrates services by exploiting and combining the advantages of…

971

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to propose a web‐based “intermediation hybrid architecture” for a workflow management system that integrates services by exploiting and combining the advantages of strict centralized topologies that use workflow engines, with totally distributed systems which use agent technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed operational and technical architectures define the combination of a workflow engine and a software agent platform for the appropriate management of inter‐organizational workflow processes. The proposed system is called “hybrid intermediation portal.”

Findings

The hybrid system was used in e‐government cases for the management of cross‐border workflows that span across multiple European chambers of commerce and industry. That demonstrated the usefulness of the specific approach in the inter‐organizational workflow management domain.

Research limitations/implications

The approach presented in this paper was implemented and validated in real e‐government cases that proved the advantages of the potential commercial use of the system. Several limitations were located due to the lack of a wide use of web services within governmental organizations.

Practical implications

Concerning security issues, it would be necessary to integrate appropriate security mechanisms without constraining the technical and functional characteristics of the software agents involved.

Originality/value

The contribution of the paper concerns the evolvement of the agent‐enhanced workflow management systems in order to tackle the intelligence issues and the credibility problems concerning the overall control of dispersed inter‐organizational processes.

Details

Business Process Management Journal, vol. 14 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-7154

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Article
Publication date: 4 February 2014

Ying Huang, Sheng Han, Sizhou Liu, Yuhong Wang and Jiusheng Li

To develop a potential substitute for conventional lubricant additive and improve the oil-solubility of nanoparticles, calcium borate nanoparticles modified by an eco-friendly or…

327

Abstract

Purpose

To develop a potential substitute for conventional lubricant additive and improve the oil-solubility of nanoparticles, calcium borate nanoparticles modified by an eco-friendly or “green” modifier lauric acid (CBLA) were prepared. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The microstructures of the as-obtained samples were characterized by X-ray power diffraction (XRD) transmission electron microscope (TEM) and infrared spectra (IR). The contact angle was also measured. Tribological properties of CBLA used as additive in base oil were evaluated with a four-ball tribotester and compared with a commercial additive. The worn surface was investigated by polarized microscope (PM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Findings

The results indicate that the average size is in the range of 50-100 nm and the surface of calcium borate was altered from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. At the same time, the nanoparticles can be dispersed well in the base oil. Tribological results show that CBLA have good antiwear property and friction-reducing property in base oil, and it can be found that during the sliding process, a continuous wear resistance film was formed which containing depositions and the tribochemical reaction products such as B2O3, FeB, Fe2O3 and CaO.

Originality/value

An eco-friendly or “green” modifier lauric acid could change the surface of calcium borate from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, and calcium borate modified by lauric acid has good tribological properties in lubricating oil.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 66 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 11 October 2023

Yuhong Wang and Qi Si

This study aims to predict China's carbon emission intensity and put forward a set of policy recommendations for further development of a low-carbon economy in China.

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to predict China's carbon emission intensity and put forward a set of policy recommendations for further development of a low-carbon economy in China.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the Interaction Effect Grey Power Model of N Variables (IEGPM(1,N)) is developed, and the Dragonfly algorithm (DA) is used to select the best power index for the model. Specific model construction methods and rigorous mathematical proofs are given. In order to verify the applicability and validity, this paper compares the model with the traditional grey model and simulates the carbon emission intensity of China from 2014 to 2021. In addition, the new model is used to predict the carbon emission intensity of China from 2022 to 2025, which can provide a reference for the 14th Five-Year Plan to develop a scientific emission reduction path.

Findings

The results show that if the Chinese government does not take effective policy measures in the future, carbon emission intensity will not achieve the set goals. The IEGPM(1,N) model also provides reliable results and works well in simulation and prediction.

Originality/value

The paper considers the nonlinear and interactive effect of input variables in the system's behavior and proposes an improved grey multivariable model, which fills the gap in previous studies.

Details

Grey Systems: Theory and Application, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2043-9377

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 15 December 2023

Yuhong Peng, Jianwei Ding and Yueyan Zhang

This study examines the relationship between streamers' product descriptions, customer comments and online sales and focuses on the moderating effect of streamer–viewer…

599

Abstract

Purpose

This study examines the relationship between streamers' product descriptions, customer comments and online sales and focuses on the moderating effect of streamer–viewer relationship strength.

Design/methodology/approach

Between June 2021 and April 2022, the structured data of 965 livestreaming and unstructured text data of 42,956,147 characters from two major live-streaming platforms were collected for the study. Text analysis and regression analysis methods were employed for data analysis.

Findings

First, the authors' analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between comment length and product sales. Notably, comment volume and comment emotion positively influence product sales. Furthermore, the semantic richness, emotion and readability of streamers' product descriptions also positively influence product sales. Secondly, the authors find that the strength of streamer–viewer relationship weakens the positive effects of comment volume and comment emotion without moderating the inverted U-shaped effect of comment length. Lastly, the strength of streamer–viewer relationship also diminishes the positive effects of emotion, semantics and readability of streamers' product descriptions on product sales.

Originality/value

This study is the first to concurrently examine the direct and interactive effects of user-generated content (UGC) and marketer-generated content (MGC) on consumer purchase behaviors in livestreaming e-commerce, offering a novel perspective on individual decision-making and cue utilization in the social retail context.

Details

Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 42 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-4503

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Article
Publication date: 4 January 2023

Pan Liu

To study these issues, the authors chose a GFSC with one producer and one material supplier as research object, the supplier will offer green material to the producer and the…

364

Abstract

Purpose

To study these issues, the authors chose a GFSC with one producer and one material supplier as research object, the supplier will offer green material to the producer and the producer will make green food using green production technology. Then, the authors proposed that consumers' perceived value was determined by the trustworthiness levels of the related green and quality-safety information provided by the supplier and the producer. Then, considering the trustworthiness levels of the green and quality information provided by the supplier and the producer, the authors improved the demand function. Afterwards, we constructed four investment models and their income models are built and then a cost-sharing and revenue-sharing contract (hereafter, CSRS) was adopted to coordinate the GFSC.

Design/methodology/approach

With the growth of consumers environmental awareness and life level, consumers' requirements for green and high quality food are growing. In recently years, to increase consumers' perceived trustworthiness on the product greenness and quality levels, stakeholders in green food supply chain (hereafter, GFSC) start to adopt the blockchain-based traceability system (hereafter, BLTS). For investors, they need to know the investment conditions and how to coordinate the GFSC.

Findings

(1) When the revenue-sharing coefficient is less than three-fourths and higher then a certain vaule, the cost-sharing and revenue-sharing contract can make the GFSC coordinate. (2) The investment cost threshold of the BLTS has a positive relationship with the trustworthiness improvement levels of the green and quality information, the green degree of food products and the quality of food products. (3) In the proposed four investment situations, as the growth of consumers perceived credibility coefficient about the greenness information and the quality information, chain members' revenues will increase. In addition, comparing with co-investing the BLTS, benefits of chain members are lower than them in the sole investment model.

Originality/value

(1) The demand function we proposed can help chain members forecast market demand to support production or ordering decisions. (2) The investment decision policies can offer a theoretical reference for chain members to use the BLTS. (3) The CSRS will offer the theoretical reference for coordinating the supply chain after using the BLTS. Furthermore, our study method can be referenced by other scholars. (4) The study method can offer a method reference for researchers who do a similar discussion in a manufacturing supply chain. Although, our research cannot guide the industrial practices, it can serve as a reference of the similar research in industry.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 53 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 29 May 2023

Lingyun Cao, Shuaibin Ren, ZhengHao Zhou, Xuening Fei and Changliang Huang

This study aims to fabricate a cool phthalocyanine green/TiO2 composite pigment (PGT) with high near-infrared (NIR) reflectance, good color performance and good heat-shielding…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to fabricate a cool phthalocyanine green/TiO2 composite pigment (PGT) with high near-infrared (NIR) reflectance, good color performance and good heat-shielding performance under sunlight and infrared irradiation.

Design/methodology/approach

With the help of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes, the PGT composite pigment was prepared using a layer-by-layer assembly method under wet ball milling. Based on the light reflectance properties and color performance tested by ultraviolet-visible-NIR spectrophotometer and colorimeter, the preparation conditions were optimized and the properties of PGT pigment with different assembly layers (PGT-1, PGT-3, PGT-5 and PGT-7) were compared. In addition, their heat-shielding performance was evaluated and compared by temperature rise value for their coating under sunlight and infrared irradiation.

Findings

The PGT pigment had a core/shell structure, and the PG thickness increased with the self-assembly layers, which made the PGT-3 and PGT-7 pigment show higher color purity and saturation than PGT-1 pigment. In addition, the PGT-3 and PGT-7 pigment showed 11%–16% lower light reflectance in the visible region. However, their light reflectance in the NIR region was similar. Under infrared irradiation the PGT-5 and PGT-7 pigment coating showed 1.1°C–3.4°C and 1.3°C–4.7°C lower temperature rise value than PGT-1 pigment coating and physical mixture pigment coating, respectively. And under sunlight the PGT-3 pigment coating showed 1.5–2.6°C lower temperature rise value than the physical mixture pigment coating.

Originality/value

The layer-by-layer assembling makes the core/shell PGT composite pigment possess low visible light reflectance, high NIR reflectance and good heat-shielding performance.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 53 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

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