Hao-Yue Bai, Yi-Wen Bao and Jung-Hee Kim
This research delves into the dynamic realm of app design by examining the impact of app icon familiarity and authority on image fit, influencing users' app usage intention…
Abstract
Purpose
This research delves into the dynamic realm of app design by examining the impact of app icon familiarity and authority on image fit, influencing users' app usage intention. Focusing on the distinctive circumstances of Chinese and Korean customers, the study aims to provide insightful information about how application user behavior changes.
Design/methodology/approach
Utilizing structural equation modeling, the study employs data from 293 Korean and Chinese consumers. The research design incorporates a thoughtful approach, including parallel translation methods, focus group interviews, and pre-experimental testing to ensure survey accuracy and validity. The study strategically selects stimuli from the Apple App Store rankings, emphasizing icon features and type considerations.
Findings
The results provide important new information about the connections between usage intention, image fit, authority, and familiarity with app icons. Notably, app icon familiarity and authority positively influence image fit. Furthermore, app icon image fit emerges as a positive predictor of usage intention, mediating the complex interplay between familiarity, authority, and intention. The study also identifies moderating effects, shedding light on the nuanced role of app icon features and types.
Originality/value
Originating from a comprehensive exploration of icons, this study significantly contributes to the field by exploring icon differences and uncovering the intricate mechanisms guiding users' decisions. The findings offer valuable insights for app designers, marketers, and researchers seeking a deeper understanding of user behavior in diverse cultural contexts, thereby enhancing the theoretical and practical foundations in app usability and consumer behavior.
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Xun Gong, Yue Bai, Zhicheng Hou, Changjun Zhao, Yantao Tian and Qiang Sun
The quad‐rotor is an under‐actuation, strong coupled nonlinear system with parameters uncertainty, unmodeled disturbance and drive capability boundedness. The purpose of the paper…
Abstract
Purpose
The quad‐rotor is an under‐actuation, strong coupled nonlinear system with parameters uncertainty, unmodeled disturbance and drive capability boundedness. The purpose of the paper is to design a flight control system to regulate the aircraft track the desired trajectory and keep the attitude angles stable on account of these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
Considering the dynamics of a quad‐rotor, the closed‐loop flight control system is divided into two nested loops: the translational outer‐loop and the attitude inner‐loop. In the outer‐loop, the translational controller, which exports the desired attitude angles to the inner‐loop, is designed based on bounded control technique. In consideration of the influence of uncertain rotational inertia and external disturbance, the backstepping sliding mode approach with adaptive gains is used in the inner‐loop. The switching control strategy based on the sign functions of sliding surface is introduced into the design procedure with respect to the input saturation.
Findings
The validity of the proposed flight control system was verified through numerical simulation and prototype flight experiment in this paper. Furthermore, with relation to the flying, the motor speed is kept in the predetermined scope.
Originality/value
This article introduces a new flight control system designed for a quad‐rotor.
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Xiangjian Chen, Di Li, Zhijun Xu and Yue Bai
Quadrotor micro aerial vehicle (MAV) is nonlinear and under actuated plant, and it is difficult to obtain an accurate mathematical model for quadrotor MAV due to uncertainties…
Abstract
Purpose
Quadrotor micro aerial vehicle (MAV) is nonlinear and under actuated plant, and it is difficult to obtain an accurate mathematical model for quadrotor MAV due to uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to propose one robust control strategy for quadrotor MAV to accommodate system uncertainties, variations, and external disturbances.
Design/methodology/approach
The robust control strategy is composed of two self‐organizing interval type‐II fuzzy neural networks (SOIT‐IIFNNs) and one PD controller: the PD controller is adopted to control the attitude and position; one of the SOIT‐IIFNNs is designed to learn the inverse model of quadrotor MAV online; the other SOIT‐IIFNNs is the copy of the former one to compensate for model errors, system uncertainties and external disturbances, both structure and parameters of SOIT‐IIFNNs are tuned online at the same time, and then the stability of the resulting quadrotor MAV closed‐loop control system is proved using Lyapunov stability theory.
Findings
The validity of the proposed control method has been verified through real‐time experiments. The experimental results show that the performance of SOIT‐IIFNNs is significantly improved compared with Backstepping‐based controller.
Practical implications
This approach has been used in quadrotor MAV, the controller works well, and it could guarantee quadrotor MAV control system with good performances under uncertainties, variations, and external disturbances.
Originality/value
The proposed SOIT‐IIFNNs controller is interesting for the design of an intelligent control scheme. The main contributions of this paper are: the overall closed‐loop control system is globally stable, demonstrated by Lyapunov stable theory; the tracking error can be asymptotically attenuated to a desired small level around zero by appropriate chosen parameters and learning rates; and the quadrotor MAV control system based on SOIT‐IIFNNs controller can achieve favorable tracking performance.
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Xiangjian Chen, Di Li, Zhijun Xu and Yue Bai
Micro aerial vehicle is nonlinear plant; it is difficult to obtain stable control for MAV attitude due to uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to propose one robust stable…
Abstract
Purpose
Micro aerial vehicle is nonlinear plant; it is difficult to obtain stable control for MAV attitude due to uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to propose one robust stable control strategy for MAV to accommodate system uncertainties, variations, and external disturbances.
Design/methodology/approach
First, by employing interval type-II fuzzy neural network (ITIIFNN) to approximate the nonlinearity function and uncertainty functions in the attitude angle dynamic model of micro aircraft vehicle (MAV). Then, the Lyapunov stability theorem is used to testify the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, the parameters of the ITIIFNN and gain of sliding mode control can be tuned on-line by adaptive laws based on Lyapunov synthesis approach, and the Lyapunov stability theorem has been used to testify the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system.
Findings
The validity of the proposed control method has been verified through real-time experiments. The experimental results show that the performance of interval type-II fuzzy neural network based gain adaptive sliding mode controller (GASMC-ITIIFNN) is significantly improved compared with conventional adaptive sliding mode controller (CASMC), type-I fuzzy neural network based sliding mode controller (GASMC-TIFNN).
Practical implications
This approach has been used in one MAV, the controller works well, and which could guarantee the MAV control system with good performances under uncertainties, variations, and external disturbances.
Originality/value
The main original contributions of this paper are: the proposed control scheme makes full use of the nominal model of the MAV attitude control model; the overall closed-loop control system is globally stable demonstrated by Lyapunov stable theory; the tracking error can be asymptotically attenuated to a desired small level around zero by appropriate chosen parameters and learning rates; and the MAV attitude control system based on GASMC-ITIIFNN controller can achieve favourable tracking performance than GASMC-TIFNN and CASMC.
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Halil Ibrahim Ünal, Hakan Atapek, Baran Gürkan Beleli, Seyda Polat, Serap Gümüs and Ersoy Erisir
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fracture of grade X42 microalloyed steel used as pipe material after tensile test at room temperature and impact tests at 0, −20…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fracture of grade X42 microalloyed steel used as pipe material after tensile test at room temperature and impact tests at 0, −20 and −40°C, respectively.
Design/methodology/approach
In the first stage of the study, X42 steels in the form of sheet and pipe materials were selected and etched samples were characterized using light microscope. In the second stage, mechanical properties of steels were obtained by microhardness measurements, static tensile and impact tests and all the broken surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope to determine the fracture type as a function of both microstructure and loading.
Findings
The examinations revealed that: first, the sheet material had a typical ferritic-pearlitic matrix, second, the transverse section of the sheet steel exhibited a matrix consisting of polygonal ferrite-aligned pearlite colonies and the longitudinal one had elongated ferrite phase and pearlite colonies in the direction of rolling, third, ferrite and pearlite distribution was different from the sheet material due to multiaxial deformation in the pipe material, fourth, tensile fracture surfaces of the steels had typical dimple fracture induced by microvoid coalescence, fifth, impact fracture surfaces of the steels changed as a function of the test temperature and cleavage fracture mode of ferritic-pearlitic matrix became more dominant as the temperature decreased, and sixth, grain morphology had an effect on the fracture behavior of the steels.
Originality/value
The paper explains the fracture behaviour of X42 microalloyed pipeline steel and its fractographical analysis.
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Ai Yue, Bin Tang, Yaojiang Shi, Jingjing Tang, Guanminjia Shang, Alexis Medina and Scott Rozelle
The purpose of this paper is to describe the policy and trends in rural education in China over the past 40 years; and also discuss a number of challenges that are faced by…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the policy and trends in rural education in China over the past 40 years; and also discuss a number of challenges that are faced by China’s rural school system.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use secondary data on policies and trends over the past 40 years for preschool, primary/junior high school, and high school.
Findings
The trends over the past 40 years in all areas of rural schooling have been continually upward and strong. While only a low share of rural children attended preschool in the 1980s, by 2014 more than 90 percent of rural children were attending. The biggest achievement in compulsory education is that the rise in the number of primary students that finish grade 6 and matriculate to junior high school. There also was a steep rise of those going to and completing high school. While the successes in upscaling rural education are absolutely unprecedented, there are still challenges.
Research limitations/implications
This is descriptive analysis and there is not causal link established between policies and rural schooling outcomes.
Practical implications
The authors illustrate one of the most rapid rises of rural education in history and match the achievements up with the policy efforts of the government. The authors also explore policy priorities that will be needed in the coming years to raise the quality of schooling.
Originality/value
This is the first paper that documents both the policies and the empirical trends of the success that China has created in building rural education from preschool to high school during the first 40 years of reform (1978-2018). The paper also documents – drawing on the literature and the own research – the achievements and challenges that China still face in the coming years, including issues of gender, urbanization, early childhood education and health and nutrition of students.
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Shen Qiu, Xugang Zhang, Yawen Li, Ting Sun, Chenlong Wang and Chuanli Qin
The purpose of this paper is to conduct the synthesization of LiFePO4-C (LFP-C) with fine particle size and enhanced electrochemical performance as the positive electrode material…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct the synthesization of LiFePO4-C (LFP-C) with fine particle size and enhanced electrochemical performance as the positive electrode material for Li-ion capacitors (LICs) with neutral aqueous electrolyte.
Design/methodology/approach
LFP-C was prepared by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a grain growth inhibitor, and the effects of the calcination temperature and PEG content on the structure and morphology of LFP-C were investigated. LICs using environment-friendly, safe and low-cost LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte were assembled with LFP-C as the positive electrode and active carbon as the negative electrode. The electrochemical performances of LFP-C and LICs were studied.
Findings
The results show that the particle size of LFP-C decreases significantly through the introduction of PEG. Cyclic voltammetry results show that the LFP-C prepared at 550°C with 1.0 g PEG exhibits the highest Cpe of 725 F/g at the scanning rate of 5 mA/s. Compared to LFP prepared without PEG, the electrochemical performance of optimized LFP-C dramatically increases due to the decrease of the particle size. Moreover, the LIC assembled with the optimized LFP-C exhibits excellent electrochemical performances. The LIC maintains about 91.3 per cent of its initial Cps after 200 cycles which shows a good cycling performance.
Research limitations/implications
The LFP-C is the suitable positive electrode material for LICs with neutral aqueous electrolyte. LICs can be used in the field of automobiles and can solve the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution.
Originality/value
Both the LFP-C with fine particle size and its optimal LIC using environment-friendly, safe and low-cost LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte own good electrochemical performances.
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Somnath Santra, Shubhadeep Mandal and Suman Chakraborty
The purpose of this study is to perform a detailed review on the numerical modeling of multiphase and multicomponent flows in microfluidic system using phase-field method. The…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to perform a detailed review on the numerical modeling of multiphase and multicomponent flows in microfluidic system using phase-field method. The phase-field method is of emerging importance in numerical computation of transport phenomena involving multiple phases and/or components. This method is not only used to model interfacial phenomena typical to multiphase flows encountered in engineering and nature but also turns out to be a promising tool in modeling the dynamics of complex fluid-fluid interfaces encountered in physiological systems such as dynamics of vesicles and red blood cells). Intrinsically, a priori unknown topological evolution of interfaces offers to be the most concerning challenge toward accurate modeling of moving boundary problems. However, the numerical difficulties can be tackled simultaneously with numerical convenience and thermodynamic rigor in the paradigm of the phase field method.
Design/methodology/approach
The phase-field method replaces the macroscopically sharp interfaces separating the fluids by a diffuse transition layer where the interfacial forces are smoothly distributed. As against the moving mesh methods (Lagrangian) for the explicit tracking of interfaces, the phase-field method implicitly captures the same through the evolution of a phase-field function (Eulerian). In contrast to the deployment of an artificially smoothing function for the interface as used in the volume of a fluid or level set method, however, the phase-field method uses mixing free energy for describing the interface. This needs the consideration of an additional equation for an order parameter. The dynamic evolution of the system (equation for order parameter) can be described by Allen–Cahn or Cahn–Hilliard formulation, which couples with the Navier–Stokes equation with the aid of a forcing function that depends on the chemical potential and the gradient of the order parameter.
Findings
In this review, first, the authors discuss the broad motivation and the fundamental theoretical foundation associated with phase-field modeling from the perspective of computational microfluidics. They subsequently pinpoint the outstanding numerical challenges, including estimations of the model-free parameters. They outline some numerical examples, including electrohydrodynamic flows, to demonstrate the efficacy of the method. Finally, they pinpoint various emerging issues and futuristic perspectives connecting the phase-field method and computational microfluidics.
Originality/value
This paper gives unique perspectives to future directions of research on this topic.
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Bai Yun, Zhao Yue and Zhou Yaolin
This study aims to identify the prominent topics, the distribution and association characteristics of topics and the topic evolutionary trends of Documentary Heritage Preservation…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to identify the prominent topics, the distribution and association characteristics of topics and the topic evolutionary trends of Documentary Heritage Preservation and Conservation (DHPAC) research in China.
Design/methodology/approach
Keywords of relevant papers in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were extracted as the data source in this study. First, frequency and co-occurrence of keywords of the selected papers were obtained by using SATI. Second, co-word network indicators were calculated with the Pajek software. Then, VOSviewer was applied to optimize the visualization of the sub-communities. Finally, a topics evolution map of this research field was implemented by CorTexT.
Findings
The research topics of DHPAC research in China were unbalanced but distinct. Topics of DHPAC research in China possessed inconspicuous orientation and consistency. The core topics had less influence on the overall network. A research system had formed with archival conservation and ancient books conservation as the core research directions. Research in this field had formed four continuous evolutionary paths about ancient books conservation, salvage conservation, archival conservation and archives conservation technology science with topics fusion and differentiation coexisting. Attentions on “ancient books conservation”, “paper relics conservation”, “electronic record”, “digitization”, “minority”, “documents in the republic of China” had increased during the past two decades and new hot topics of DHPAC research kept appearing in China.
Originality/value
This study synthesized and analyzed the research results of DHPAC research in China from a more comprehensive perspective and revealed the topic structure and longitudinal evolution process intuitively with co-word analysis and social network analysis, which can assist researchers to improve research systematization, discover new research directions and seek cooperative research path.
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Weiwei Yue, Yuwei Cao, Shuqi Xie, Kang Ning Cheng, Yue Ding, Cong Liu, Yan Jing Ding, Xiaofeng Zhu, Huanqing Liu and Muhammad Shafi
This study aims to improve detection efficiency of fluorescence biosensor or a graphene field-effect transistor biosensor. Graphene field-effect transistor biosensing and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to improve detection efficiency of fluorescence biosensor or a graphene field-effect transistor biosensor. Graphene field-effect transistor biosensing and fluorescent biosensing were integrated and combined with magnetic nanoparticles to construct a multi-sensor integrated microfluidic biochip for detecting single-stranded DNA. Multi-sensor integrated biochip demonstrated higher detection reliability for a single target and could simultaneously detect different targets.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the authors integrated graphene field-effect transistor biosensing and fluorescent biosensing, combined with magnetic nanoparticles, to fabricate a multi-sensor integrated microfluidic biochip for the detection of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Graphene films synthesized through chemical vapor deposition were transferred onto a glass substrate featuring two indium tin oxide electrodes, thus establishing conductive channels for the graphene field-effect transistor. Using π-π stacking, 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester was immobilized onto the graphene film to serve as a medium for anchoring the probe aptamer. The fluorophore-labeled target DNA subsequently underwent hybridization with the probe aptamer, thereby forming a fluorescence detection channel.
Findings
This paper presents a novel approach using three channels of light, electricity and magnetism for the detection of single-stranded DNA, accompanied by the design of a microfluidic detection platform integrating biosensor chips. Remarkably, the detection limit achieved is 10 pm, with an impressively low relative standard deviation of 1.007%.
Originality/value
By detecting target DNA, the photo-electro-magnetic multi-sensor graphene field-effect transistor biosensor not only enhances the reliability and efficiency of detection but also exhibits additional advantages such as compact size, affordability, portability and straightforward automation. Real-time display of detection outcomes on the host facilitates a deeper comprehension of biochemical reaction dynamics. Moreover, besides detecting the same target, the sensor can also identify diverse targets, primarily leveraging the penetrative and noninvasive nature of light.