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Article
Publication date: 11 April 2023

Younghwa Lee, Marat Bakpayev, Sukki Yoon and Kacy Kim

Drawing on embodied cognition and construal level theory perspectives in marketing literature, the purpose of this study is to propose that closed eyes make events appear distant…

757

Abstract

Purpose

Drawing on embodied cognition and construal level theory perspectives in marketing literature, the purpose of this study is to propose that closed eyes make events appear distant and increase high-level construal and abstract processing, whereas opened eyes make events appear near and increase low-level construal and concrete processing. The authors further argue that high (low) construal level induced by closed (open) eyes increases favoritism toward utilitarian (hedonic) appeals.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on embodied cognition and construal level theory, the authors conduct three studies to investigate how consumers form varying distance perceptions and attitudes toward advertising appeals depending on whether they open or close their eyes while contemplating the messages. In Study 1, the authors tested the effects of an advertisement featuring utilitarian versus hedonic appeals in a food waste reduction campaign. In Study 2, the authors tested the effects of an advertisement stressing utilitarian versus hedonic aspects of a brand of travel products. In Study 3, the authors tested the effects of an advertisement for hotel reward products depending on consumption motivations.

Findings

The studies support the hypothesis by showing that when individuals close their eyes, they form abstract processing styles (high-level construal), perceive events as more distant and increase preferences for utilitarian advertising appeals; when they open their eyes, they form concrete processing styles (low-level construal), perceive events as nearer and indicate preferences for hedonic advertising appeals.

Originality/value

The novel insight of this study shows how bodily sensations may affect various types of hedonic and utilitarian advertising appeals. This study contributes to the embodied cognition and construal level literature, but the contribution of this study is particularly important for marketers and advertisers in that the authors show interactions between open or closed eyes, hedonic or utilitarian product aspects and processing styles.

Details

Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 40 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0736-3761

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2002

Jintae Lee and Younghwa Lee

Past studies suggest that computer security countermeasures such as security policies, systems, and awareness programs would be effective in preventing computer abuse in…

3663

Abstract

Past studies suggest that computer security countermeasures such as security policies, systems, and awareness programs would be effective in preventing computer abuse in organizations. They are based on the general deterrence theory, which posits that when an organization implements countermeasures that threaten abusers, its computer abuse problems would be deterred. However, computer abuse problems persist in many organizations despite these measures. This article proposes a new model of computer abuse that extends the traditional model with the social criminology theories. Focusing on computer abuse within organizations, the model explains the phenomenon through social lenses such as social bonds and social learning. The new model contributes to our theoretical body of knowledge on computer abuse by providing a new angle for approaching the problem. It suggests to practitioners that both technical and social solutions should be implemented to reduce the pervasive computer abuse problems.

Details

Information Management & Computer Security, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0968-5227

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Article
Publication date: 25 June 2020

Jaeyoung Kwon, Guk Bae Kim, Sunah Kang, Younghwa Byeon, Ho-Seok Sa and Namkug Kim

Extrinsic trauma to the orbit may cause a blowout or orbital fracture, which often requires surgery for reconstruction of the orbit and repositioning of the eyeball with an…

154

Abstract

Purpose

Extrinsic trauma to the orbit may cause a blowout or orbital fracture, which often requires surgery for reconstruction of the orbit and repositioning of the eyeball with an implant. Post-operative complications, however, are high with the most frequent cause of complications being a mismatch of the position and shape of the implant and fracture. These mismatches may be reduced by computed tomography (CT) based modeling and three-dimensional (3D) printed guide. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose and evaluate a patient-specific guide to shape an orbital implant using 3D printing.

Design/methodology/approach

Using CT images of a patient, an orbital fracture can be modeled to design an implant guide for positioning and shaping of the surface and boundaries of the implant. The guide was manufactured using UV curable plastic at 0.032 mm resolution by a 3D printer. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by micro-CT scanning of the surgical guides and shaping implants.

Findings

The length and depth of the 3D model, press-compressed and decompressed implants were compared. The mean differences in length were 0.67 ± 0.38 mm, 0.63 ± 0.28 mm and 0.10 ± 0.10 mm, and the mean differences in depth were 0.64 ± 0.37 mm, 1.22 ± 0.56 mm and 0.57 ± 0.23 mm, respectively. Statistical evaluation was performed with a Bland-Altman plot.

Originality/value

This study suggests a patient-specific guide to shape an orbital implant using 3D printing and evaluate the guiding accuracy of the implant versus the planned model.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 26 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2004

Denise Mahon and Cathal Cowan

Understanding consumer perception of risk and how it affects behaviour is a key issue for both consumers and the food industry. This paper aims to assess the food safety risks…

2019

Abstract

Understanding consumer perception of risk and how it affects behaviour is a key issue for both consumers and the food industry. This paper aims to assess the food safety risks consumers associate with purchasing minced beef and to ascertain the most prevalent of these risks. Results show that consumers are most concerned about the physical, psychological and performance risks associated with minced beef. Physical risk pertains to perceived threats the product poses to the health of the consumer, while psychological risk refers to perceived worries or concerns of the consumer regarding the safety of a product. Performance risk relates to the risk associated with the product not reaching consumer expectations in terms of taste, nutrition or value for money. These three dimensions account for 58 per cent of the variance in overall perceived risk. An understanding of the perceived risk concept enables retailers and manufacturers to develop effective risk communication and marketing programmes.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 106 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 15 November 2022

Heesun Chung and Yewon Kim

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the change in accounting standards from the rules-based local GAAP to the principles-based IFRS influences a manager’s…

589

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the change in accounting standards from the rules-based local GAAP to the principles-based IFRS influences a manager’s opportunistic auditor choice for a favorable audit opinion, opinion shopping (OS) behavior. The authors view that IFRS adopters exploit the flexibility of IFRS to their advantage and search for auditors that are more likely to give clean opinions. However, auditors may refuse to yield to client pressure for OS, because of the greater potential audit risk under principles-based standards.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies a difference-in-differences methodology by using Korean listed firms (i.e. IFRS adopters) as a treatment sample and Korean unlisted firms that do not voluntarily adopt IFRS (i.e. K-GAAP users) as the control sample. OS behavior is measured by the methodology of Lennox (2000).

Findings

The results of this study show that the OS behavior of IFRS adopters increases after IFRS adoption compared to that of K-GAAP users. This phenomenon is more prevalent when they are audited by non-Big 4 auditors or when they are economically important to auditors. These suggest that the principles-based IFRS without specific rules increase the scope of OS, and auditors tend to accept OS clients by weighing up its costs and benefits.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on OS by presenting that the approach of accounting standards can be an important influencing factor on a firm’s successful engagement in OS. This finding also provides policy implications for many economies by suggesting mechanisms that can be developed to reduce clients’ opportunistic auditor choices under principles-based accounting standards.

Details

Managerial Auditing Journal, vol. 38 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-6902

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Article
Publication date: 9 November 2015

Chunmei Gan and Weijun Wang

– The purpose of this study is to explore the general and specific gratifications obtained from using microblog and WeChat.

5761

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the general and specific gratifications obtained from using microblog and WeChat.

Design/methodology/approach

To shed light on the difference of gratifications to use microblog and WeChat, 18 interviews with social media users in China were conducted.

Findings

Results reveal that three types of gratifications were obtained from using both microblog and WeChat: content gratification, social gratification and hedonic gratification. Also, the strength and components of each gratification for microblog and WeChat were different. Content gratification plays the most salient role in using microblog, while social gratification is the most important for WeChat usage. In addition, content gratification of microblog usage is related to information seeking and information sharing, while social gratification of WeChat usage is constituted by private social networking and convenient communication. Furthermore, content gratification of WeChat usage refers to high-quality information provided and information sharing, and entertainment and passing time develop hedonic gratification of microblog usage, while that of WeChat usage refers to entertainment.

Originality/value

Extant research has mainly focused on the gratifications of one social media and lacks studies comparing the motivations in using different social media. Also, only little research has identified the components of different gratifications and how they affect the adoption of different social media. The current study attempts to fill these research gaps.

Details

Journal of Systems and Information Technology, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1328-7265

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