Important research once thought unassailable has failed to replicate. Not just in economics, but in all science. The problem is therefore not in dispute nor are some of the…
Abstract
Purpose
Important research once thought unassailable has failed to replicate. Not just in economics, but in all science. The problem is therefore not in dispute nor are some of the causes, like low power, selective reporting, the file drawer effect, publicly unavailable data and so forth. Some partially worthy solutions have already been offered, like pre-registering hypotheses and data analysis plans.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a review paper on the replication crisis, which is by now very well known.
Findings
This study offers another partial solution, which is to remind researchers that correlation does not logically imply causation. The effect of this reminder is to eschew “significance” testing, whether in frequentist or Bayesian form (like Bayes factors) and to report models in predictive form, so that anybody can check the veracity of any model. In effect, all papers could undergo replication testing.
Originality/value
The author argues that this, or any solution, will never eliminate all errors.
Details
Keywords
This study aims to find suitable replacements for hypothesis testing and variable-importance measures.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to find suitable replacements for hypothesis testing and variable-importance measures.
Design/methodology/approach
This study explores under-used predictive methods.
Findings
The study's hypothesis testing can and should be replaced by predictive methods. It is the only way to know if models have any value.
Originality/value
This is the first time predictive methods have been used to demonstrate measure and variable importance. Hypothesis testing can never prove the goodness of models. Only predictive methods can.
Details
Keywords
This article describes a deaerator, developed in California, to furnish oxygen‐free water to low‐pressure boilers and hot‐water systems where other types are impracticable. Oxygen…
Abstract
This article describes a deaerator, developed in California, to furnish oxygen‐free water to low‐pressure boilers and hot‐water systems where other types are impracticable. Oxygen removal is accomplished by passing the water through a tank upon the surface of which hydrogen is deposited by electrolysis. Dissolved oxygen acts as a depolariser and is reduced first to hydrogen peroxide and then to water. The anode and cathode are made of aluminium alloy.
Joel Smethurst and William Powrie
Earthworks are the embankments and cuttings that allow a railway to maintain a certain line, level and grade through the landscape. Earth embankments consist of an engineered bank…
Abstract
Earthworks are the embankments and cuttings that allow a railway to maintain a certain line, level and grade through the landscape. Earth embankments consist of an engineered bank of earth that carries the railway above the natural ground. A cutting is used to carry the railway through ground with a natural level above the line of the railway. Modern (post 1960s) earthworks are carefully engineered to perform well. However, many railways run on earthworks that were constructed over 100 years ago without the use of mechanised plant. The quality of construction of older earthworks was often poor compared with present-day engineering practice. Ageing of the earthwork structures, and the greater demands of heavier and faster trains and climatic change, means that earthworks suffer ultimate and serviceability failures that can present operational difficulties. Older earthworks that fail or do not perform well require maintenance and repair, and sometimes complete replacement. This chapter explores the main engineering considerations for modern earthworks, and the challenges associated with older earthworks including their modes of failure and upgrade and repair.
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Lynne McClure and William B. Werther
In designing consultant‐driven management developmentinterventions, personality issues typically are viewed as moderatingvariables, if they are considered at all. Reports on…
Abstract
In designing consultant‐driven management development interventions, personality issues typically are viewed as moderating variables, if they are considered at all. Reports on two “action‐research” oriented, team‐building interventions, based on Jungian theory as operationalized by the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicators. Illustrates the often overlooked importance of personality issues as an important precondition to successful management development efforts.
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F. William Brown and Michael D. Reilly
This paper aims to study the possible relationship between elements of personality as measured by the Myers‐Briggs type indicator (MBTI) and transformational leadership (TL) as…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the possible relationship between elements of personality as measured by the Myers‐Briggs type indicator (MBTI) and transformational leadership (TL) as measured by the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ).
Design/methodology/approach
The study was done at the North American manufacturing facility of an international technology company. Utilizing the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire to measure transformational leadership, over 2,000 followers provided assessments of transformational leadership for 148 managers who had done self‐assessments and had completed Form K of the MBTI.
Findings
No relationship was found between follower assessments of transformational leadership and leader personality as measured by the MBTI. Leaders did, however, perceive themselves to be significantly more transformational than did those who reported to them. Leader preference for extraversion over introversion and intuition over perception were both significantly associated with self‐reports of transformational leadership.
Research limitations/implications
Studies utilizing large samples across a variety of organizational settings are needed to confirm the results of this study.
Practical implications
This study calls into question the existence of a relationship between the MBTI and transformational leadership. The study does not provide any support for the possible utility of the MBTI for the prediction or explanation of transformational leadership behaviors. Assuming that followers' perceptions of TL are the more valid, the findings suggest that previous results linking MBTI and TL may be measurement artifacts.
Originality/value
Utilizing a large sample, the MLQ and continuous measures of MBTI preferences the results of this study contradict previous reports of a relationship between personality as measured by the MBTI and transformational leadership.