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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1968

If a flow‐chart were to be prepared of the development of local education authority television in Britain, as convenient a starting point as any would be circa 1960. It was then…

13

Abstract

If a flow‐chart were to be prepared of the development of local education authority television in Britain, as convenient a starting point as any would be circa 1960. It was then that, coincident with an influx of ETV ideas from America, manufacturers of television equipment began staging national exhibitions and local demonstrations of CCTV hardware. The aim in most instances was to show how, with relatively cheap cameras and ancillary apparatus, a lesson or lecture could be relayed by cable from one part of a building to another. The exhibitions and demonstrations were invariably successful and made their point. But it soon became apparent that, acceptable though the equipment might be for individual school or college purposes, it contributed little towards the solution of the educational problems facing local authorities. As far as they were concerned, what was required was (a) development in the direction of closed‐area television, implying a distribution network linking a central studio to a complete schools system, and (b) equipment of a much higher quality and wider range.

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Education + Training, vol. 10 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 1970

William Beaton

When Glasgow Educational Television Service went into operation in August 1965, educationists were still mulling over the educational, technical and financial implications of…

26

Abstract

When Glasgow Educational Television Service went into operation in August 1965, educationists were still mulling over the educational, technical and financial implications of local authority CCTV and coming up, one after another, with the 64 000 dollar question: Can Glasgow translate what is undoubtedly an interesting but very expensive television experiment into a sound, long‐term educational investment? There could of course be no instant, reassuring answer to that kind of question, no cast‐iron guarantee that the City Fathers would not end up with the whitest of white elephants in their Education Department. The ETV Service was the first closed‐circuit network of its kind to be set up in Europe — fine copy, to be sure, for the municipal PRO but a very hot seat for those of us whose job it was to make the Service work.

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Education + Training, vol. 12 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1967

EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION in Glasgow has been established by way of a silent, no‐nonsense revolution, coupled with considerable foresight on the part of the educational committee…

13

Abstract

EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION in Glasgow has been established by way of a silent, no‐nonsense revolution, coupled with considerable foresight on the part of the educational committee. True other places in Britain are going ahead with plans for an ETV service, and some of these are in an advanced state. At this moment, Glasgow is unique — with a fully operational local authority system accepted by teachers and children alike as a normal part of the educational process. Added to this can be the system operated by Glasgow University and the closed‐circuit channels of the University of Strathclyde and Jordanhill College of Education — a four‐way link‐up that is of the utmost importance to the nation in showing the drawbacks as well as the advantages of such a system.

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Education + Training, vol. 9 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 1969

Peppy Barlow

Audio‐visual aids begin, as all good followers of Edward Short will tell you, with talk, chalk and blackboard; and should never be allowed to end in a mass of blurting, blinking…

104

Abstract

Audio‐visual aids begin, as all good followers of Edward Short will tell you, with talk, chalk and blackboard; and should never be allowed to end in a mass of blurting, blinking machinery. Taking in an array of sound arguments for not dehumanizing education, the traditional teacher attitude is, at base, the reflex of a profession bewildered by the mechanical tools which the commercial world seems determined to foist upon it. Machines often demand quite simple manipulatory skills for which teachers aren't trained, but more pertinently they suggest ordered, efficient teaching methods — a combination which leads to fewer, better trained teachers. It is not the A/V aids, however, which are the crux of the matter — the advantages of providing a more varied learning environment are largely accepted.

Details

Education + Training, vol. 11 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

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Article
Publication date: 15 April 2024

Wonjun Choi, Wooyoung (William) Jang, Hyunseok Song, Min Jung Kim, Wonju Lee and Kevin K. Byon

This study aimed to identify subgroups of esports players based on their gaming behavior patterns across game genres and compare self-efficacy, social efficacy, loneliness and…

384

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to identify subgroups of esports players based on their gaming behavior patterns across game genres and compare self-efficacy, social efficacy, loneliness and three dimensions of quality of life between these subgroups.

Design/methodology/approach

324 participants were recruited from prolific academic to complete an online survey. We employed latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify subgroups of esports players based on their behavioral patterns across genres. Additionally, a one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to test the association between cluster memberships and development and well-being outcomes, controlling for age and gender as covariates.

Findings

LPA analysis identified five clusters (two single-genre gamer groups, two multigenre gamer groups and one all-genre gamer group). Univariate analyses indicated the significant effect of the clusters on social efficacy, psychological health and social health. Pairwise comparisons highlighted the salience of the physical enactment-plus-sport simulation genre group in these outcomes.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of the development and well-being benefits experienced by various esports consumers, as well as the role of specific gameplay in facilitating targeted outcomes among these consumer groups.

Details

International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, vol. 25 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1464-6668

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1978

One of the major developments of the post‐War years has been the rise of consumer protection ‘watchdog’ committees galore, a flood of legislation and completely changed…

164

Abstract

One of the major developments of the post‐War years has been the rise of consumer protection ‘watchdog’ committees galore, a flood of legislation and completely changed enforcement methods by existing local authority officers who to all and intents have become a completely new service. Voluntary agencies, national and local, based on the local High Street, have appointed themselves the watchdogs of the retail trade; legislation and central departments, the larger scene. The new service has proved of inestimable value in the changed conditions; it continues to develop. When shopping was a personal transaction, with the housewife making her purchases from the shopkeeper or his staff on the opposite side of the counter; when each was well known to the other and the relationship had usually lasted for many years, often from one generation to the next, things were very different, complaints few, unsatisfactory items instantly replaced, usually without question. This continuing state of equanimity was destroyed by the retail revolution and new methods of advertising and marketing. Now, the numbers of complaints dealt with by consumer protection and environmental health departments of local authorities are truly enormous. We have become a nation of “complainers,” although in all conscience, we have much to complain about. Complaints cover the widest possible range of products and services, of which food and drink form an integral component. The complaints to enforcement authorities include many said to be unjustified, but from the reports of legal proceedings under relevant enactments, it is obvious that the bulk of them now originate from consumer complaints. Not all complainants, however, relish the thought of the case going before the courts. Less is heard publicly of complaints to the numerous voluntary bodies. Enforcement authorities see complaints in terms of infringements of the law, although their role as honest broker, securing recompense to the aggreived customer, has become important; a few departments being able to claim that they secured reimbursements and replacements of value totalling upwards of amounts which annually run into six figures. The broker role is also that adopted by voluntary bodies but with much less success since they lack the supporting authority of legal sanction.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 80 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Abstract

Many jurisdictions fine illegal cartels using penalty guidelines that presume an arbitrary 10% overcharge. This article surveys more than 700 published economic studies and judicial decisions that contain 2,041 quantitative estimates of overcharges of hard-core cartels. The primary findings are: (1) the median average long-run overcharge for all types of cartels over all time periods is 23.0%; (2) the mean average is at least 49%; (3) overcharges reached their zenith in 1891–1945 and have trended downward ever since; (4) 6% of the cartel episodes are zero; (5) median overcharges of international-membership cartels are 38% higher than those of domestic cartels; (6) convicted cartels are on average 19% more effective at raising prices as unpunished cartels; (7) bid-rigging conduct displays 25% lower markups than price-fixing cartels; (8) contemporary cartels targeted by class actions have higher overcharges; and (9) when cartels operate at peak effectiveness, price changes are 60–80% higher than the whole episode. Historical penalty guidelines aimed at optimally deterring cartels are likely to be too low.

Details

The Law and Economics of Class Actions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-951-5

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Article
Publication date: 26 February 2024

Jianping Hu, Xinjiang Ye and Shengyu Gu

The study advances an enhanced model encompassing psychological involvement, denoted as the psychological continuum model (PCM) and perceived customer service quality as…

700

Abstract

Purpose

The study advances an enhanced model encompassing psychological involvement, denoted as the psychological continuum model (PCM) and perceived customer service quality as intermediaries in the association between subjective customer knowledge (SCK) and behavioral loyalty. The purpose of this study is to assess the mediating role of psychological engagement and consumers' perceived service quality in the relationship between SCK and behavioral loyalty among members of nonprofit sports service organizations. Additionally, the study aims to examine the impact of membership duration on the relationship between consumer knowledge and behavioral loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a quantitative research design, and primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 527 members of nonprofit Chinese sports clubs who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was developed to measure all constructs in the intended research model. The suitability of the measurement model was analyzed by performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data using AMOS-24.

Findings

The results of the overall direct effect indicate a significant influence of subjective knowledge on perceived service quality, perceived service quality significantly and positively influences psychological engagement; psychological engagement was found to be an important predictor of consumer behavioral loyalty.

Originality/value

The results offer information for nonprofit sports club (NPSC) managers who seek to increase the attractiveness and retention of their clubs' members by establishing the importance of subjective consumer knowledge.

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1982

Juan R. Freudenthal and Josette A. Lyders

That photography was more than a mere technological breakthrough was clear to its inventors but not to their contemporaries or generations after. The fast visual appropriation of…

283

Abstract

That photography was more than a mere technological breakthrough was clear to its inventors but not to their contemporaries or generations after. The fast visual appropriation of “reality,” the sudden transformation of this reality into an image which mirrored our world, gave us a new lease on immortality. From its inception, photography became an act of assertion and vainglory and biographers could study the psychology of a face as well as the depth of the soul. Walt Whitman once wrote: “I've been photographed, photographed, and photographed until the cameras themselves are tired of me.” (As quoted by Justin Kaplan. Walt Whitman. A Life. Simon & Schuster, 1980.) From Whitman's ego trips to the forced smiles in that brief but powerful scene in the film, Ordinary People, when family soul‐searching is captured by the click of a camera, the world around us is preserved and mythologized. Photography is witness to history and art, and shapes our lives as well. In a recent interview, Mikhail Baryshnikov stated that as a dancer he had been influenced not only by other choreographers but by “movies, musicals,(and) photo exhibitions.” (The New York Times, June 28, 1981, p. 6). Thus, photography becomes archival material, for it speaks of the human adventure in all its diversity.

Details

Collection Building, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0160-4953

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Article
Publication date: 18 July 2019

Weisheng Chiu, Doyeon Won and Ho Keat Leng

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sport involvement, perceived event prestige and attendance intention of annual sporting events. In addition, it…

1272

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sport involvement, perceived event prestige and attendance intention of annual sporting events. In addition, it examines the moderating effects of gender and past experience on the proposed model.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected, using an on-site survey, from spectators (n=349) who attended the men’s or women’s basketball tournaments of the 2016 William Jones Cup held in Taiwan.

Findings

The results showed that perceived event prestige partially mediated the relationship between sport involvement and attendance intention of sporting events. Moreover, the moderating effects of gender and experience were found in the proposed model. Specifically, male spectators’ involvement had a significantly stronger influence on perceived event prestige, and, in turn, their perception of event prestige played a more significant role in influencing attendance intention. Also, sport involvement was more important in predicting attendance intention for experienced spectators whereas the prestige of the event was more important for first-time spectators.

Originality/value

This study suggests that sport event organizers need to employ different strategies in developing the subsequent editions of the event and retaining fans’ interest in the sport. Specifically, event organizers need to enhance the prestige of the sporting event through effective marketing communication to attract first-time spectators to the event.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 31 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

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