The purpose of this paper is to investigate the conditions of the treatment using commercial lipase to improve the hydrophilicity of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the conditions of the treatment using commercial lipase to improve the hydrophilicity of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
The lipase treatment conditions, such as the pH, temperature, treatment time, and concentration, are controlled by measuring the hydrolytic activity, moisture regain, and wettability of the treated fabrics. The effects of calcium ions on the moisture regain and wettability of the treated fabrics are also evaluated.
Findings
The lipase treatment conditions for PET fabrics are controlled at a pH of 7.5, a temperature of 30°C, a treatment time of 60 min, and a lipase concentration of 50 percent (owf). The moisture regain of the PET fabrics that are treated with lipase improved 3.3 times that of the untreated PET fabric. Calcium chloride did not affect the moisture regain of the treated fabrics but affected their wettability. The surface of the PET fabrics that are treated under optimum conditions and in the presence of calcium chloride showed many cracks and voids, unlike the surface of the untreated PET fabrics.
Research limitations/implications
The lipase treatment did not affect the handle of the PET fabrics in the present paper because the weight loss is very small.
Originality/value
In this paper, the control conditions for the improvement of the hydrophilicity of PET fabrics using the low‐cost commercial lipase are determined. The results of the study could further the environment‐friendly finishing of PET fabrics.
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Keywords
Soo‐Min Oh, In‐Young Kim and Wha‐Soon Song
To explore the effect of acrylic acid polymerization and NaOH treatment of nylon‐6 on hemoglobin washability.
Abstract
Purpose
To explore the effect of acrylic acid polymerization and NaOH treatment of nylon‐6 on hemoglobin washability.
Design/methodology/approach
The nylon‐6 was chemically grafted with acrylic acid and treated with NaOH for the purpose to improve the washability of hemoglobin as a blood protein soil. The structural change before and after graft polymerization was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The moisture regain, the contact angle, and the washability were each measured.
Findings
Graft polymerization and NaOH treatment of nylon‐6 changed the surface energy and structure of nylon‐6 causing the washability of hemoglobin to improve. Compared to ungrafted nylon‐6, the hydrophilic properties were increased remarkable by graft polymerization and NaOH treatment, which reulted in the improvement of washability.
Practical implications
Hemoglobin is one of the most difficult soils to remove from the fabric. The paper might be of interest to those who would consider purchasing fabrics that are good at both hydrophilic properties and washability.
Originality/value
The study on washability of hemoglobin as a blood protein soil for grafted fabric has not been reported so far. The results of this research may be used in a basic research for the development of new process which is capable of improving of hemoglobin washability.
Details
Keywords
THE title of this short paper is somewhat of a misnomer, as the German Volks bibliothek is not the same as an English Public Library. As Dr. Schultze says: “When we speak of an…
Abstract
THE title of this short paper is somewhat of a misnomer, as the German Volks bibliothek is not the same as an English Public Library. As Dr. Schultze says: “When we speak of an English Public Library we know exactly what is meant, but the German Volks bibliothek does not convey any definite impression. Too often it still means a very small collection of books, probably gifts which are accessible to borrowers at certain hours each week. As a rule, the revenue is so trifling that after paying the small working costs there is little or nothing left for buying books.” Taking, therefore, the term Public Library for the sake of convenience, we may assume that the first Public Library in Germany was opened in Hamburg, in 1529, as the result of Luther's recommendation (1524) “that good libraries, especially in the large towns, should be established.” At the beginning of the 18th century, a number of free libraries were established, these were usually connected with churches and schools, yet their very name “free” seemed an invitation to everyone to share the treasures they contained. These libraries were principally in central Germany and Saxony.
IN MANY RESPECTS 1961 has been a disappointing year in the British library field. In January we remarked upon our hopes for the year: a new examination syllabus, a new look for…
Abstract
IN MANY RESPECTS 1961 has been a disappointing year in the British library field. In January we remarked upon our hopes for the year: a new examination syllabus, a new look for the Library Association, progress on the new building in Store Street for the National Central Library and the Library Association, a new Public Libraries Act—these were some of the advances envisaged at the outset of this year.
SPECIAL NUMBERS OUR SPECIAL NUMBER on Indian libraries and librarianship issued in March was very well received and we have had letters and comments from librarians both in…
Abstract
SPECIAL NUMBERS OUR SPECIAL NUMBER on Indian libraries and librarianship issued in March was very well received and we have had letters and comments from librarians both in Britain and the United States. Thanks are due to our Indian contributors for helping us to produce the issue. The policy of publishing special numbers of The Library World is to continue and the August issue will be devoted to library development in Nigeria. Later this year we plan special issues on the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and on South Africa.
THERE ARE TIMES, you know, when I feel that there is nothing new to be said about technical college libraries. Perhaps in another few years we shall have some progress to report…
Abstract
THERE ARE TIMES, you know, when I feel that there is nothing new to be said about technical college libraries. Perhaps in another few years we shall have some progress to report, but, in the remote event of there being at present some development which has not been fully described, the person to do the job is probably not the librarian who is speaking to you now. He is very conscious that neither by years of experience nor by acquaintance with many different colleges is he qualified to survey technical college librarianship. Yet there may be some point in taking another look at fairly familiar territory, because some of you may have had little contact with college libraries, while others may have had relations with them different from those enjoyed by the librarian.
Aslib's annual report, which was considered at the Annual General Meeting in London on 7th June, made interesting reading and showed the association's steady progress. Membership…
Abstract
Aslib's annual report, which was considered at the Annual General Meeting in London on 7th June, made interesting reading and showed the association's steady progress. Membership is now 2,500, comprised chiefly of 922 industrial concerns, 221 Government departments and organisations, 295 public and national libraries and 301 universities and colleges. A point of interest is that there are only 403 individual members and this figure seems to be static having risen by only 5 in the last two years. Subscription income rose by £1,864 and Aslib's reserves are now £7,500. Some concern is expressed in the report about the finance of the Annual Conference, which showed a loss of £272. Many members are of the opinion that the conference fee is already too high, but the report suggests that rising costs may result in an even higher fee in the future.
“STUDENT” is one of the most abused words in the vocabulary of the library profession. Not only is it used very loosely with regard to those employed in library work—we are not…
Abstract
“STUDENT” is one of the most abused words in the vocabulary of the library profession. Not only is it used very loosely with regard to those employed in library work—we are not concerned with that aspect at the moment—but it is often used in public libraries to mean anybody who is reading any book other than a novel or the current best‐selling biography or travelogue. This attitude that it is a waste of public money, and bad librarianship to buy books, even for the medium sized or small library, which are only occasionally borrowed is too prevalent. It is deplorable that all too often these books, when they are bought, are stored away in hidden stock rooms not open to the public. An effective request service is not a substitute for the provision of adequate stocks on the shelves at the branches. These books, frequently numbering some thousands, are only available on such request, but naturally they are underused and provide ammunition for the gnat‐minded librarians who cry that “there is no demand for serious books in my area”.