Kai Yang, Ming‐Li Jiao, Yi‐Song Chen, Jun Li and Wei‐Yuan Zhang
The purpose of this paper is to explore the heat transfer and establish a heat transfer model of an extravehicular liquid cooling garment based on a thermal manikin covered with…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the heat transfer and establish a heat transfer model of an extravehicular liquid cooling garment based on a thermal manikin covered with soft simulated skin.
Design/methodology/approach
The thermal manikin applied in this study was a copper manikin, typical of which was its soft simulated skin – a newly thermoplastic elastomer material. Based on this novel thermal manikin, the heat transfer analysis of an extravehicular liquid cooling garment was performed. To satisfy the practical engineering application and simplify analysis, the hypotheses were proposed, and then the heat transfer model was established by heat transfer theory, in which the heat exchange equation of the liquid cooling garment with the thermal manikin and with the air layer, and the garment's total heat dissipating capacity were derived.
Findings
The verification experiments performed in a climatic chamber by a thermal manikin wearing a liquid cooling garment at different surface temperatures of the thermal manikin show that the modeling value fits well with the experimental value, and the heat transfer model of the liquid cooling garment has a high accuracy. Meanwhile, the relationship between the heat‐dissipating capacity of the liquid cooling garment and its design parameters – inlet temperature and liquid velocity – is suggested as being based on the heat transfer model.
Originality/value
The paper shows that it is an effective method to control the heat‐dissipating capacity of a liquid cooling garment by changing the inlet temperature to some degree, but not by changing the liquid velocity.
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Jian Ping Wang and Wei Yuan Zhang
The aim of this paper is to explore a method of predicting the amount of personalized bra cup dart in the 3D virtual environment for supporting the made‐to‐measure research of the…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to explore a method of predicting the amount of personalized bra cup dart in the 3D virtual environment for supporting the made‐to‐measure research of the optimum fitted brassiere pattern design.
Design/methodology/approach
Very useful enhanced FFD (free‐form‐deformation) techniques used in both computer animation and geometric modeling were skillfully transplanted to the female breast model deformation. Meanwhile, on the basis of 3D scan and surface modeling technologies, the realization approach of the abstract female breast model library focusing on the individual variations of shapes and sizes was presented. Then according to the principle of isometric area and flabellate segments, the personalized bra cup dart quantity and its distributive information were provided by 3D‐2D transformation.
Findings
The paper finds that personalized female breast shapes and various aesthetic breast forms sculpted by different bras could be interactively simulated. Accordingly, the amount of corresponding individual bra cup dart and its distributive information were provided. The cup darts were mainly distributed below the bust line. Moreover, dart shapes were curvy.
Research limitations/implications
The principles of virtual breast library construction and 3D‐2D transformation are also suitable for other parts of the human body such as buttocks, abdomen and, etc. for intimate apparel research.
Originality/value
The method of predicting the personalized bra cup dart quantity based on the 3D virtual breast model library was delivered for the first time. The novel findings provided an important guideline for designers to improve the well‐fitted bra pattern design technique. Furthermore, it would reduce the manufacturing cost without keeping physical dummies.
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Wei-Yuan Lo, Yu-Kai Lin, Hsiang-Ming Lee and Tsui-Yau Liu
This study aims to use “both–and” thinking of Yin-Yang philosophy to extend the field of leadership literatures and explore the influences of paradoxical leadership and emotional…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to use “both–and” thinking of Yin-Yang philosophy to extend the field of leadership literatures and explore the influences of paradoxical leadership and emotional intelligence on organizational identification and turnover intentions of nurses.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopted a cross-sectional survey completed by 285 nurses in Taiwan. SPSS 22, PROCESS and AMOS 21 were used for data analysis.
Findings
The results reveal that paradoxical leadership has a significant positive relationship with nurses’ organizational identification and a significant negatively relationship with their turnover intentions, and organizational identification partially mediated the relationship between paradoxical leadership and turnover intentions. The results further show that emotional intelligence strengthens the effect of paradoxical leadership on organizational identification, and paradoxical leadership had a stronger indirect effect on turnover intentions through organizational identification under strong emotional intelligence.
Originality/value
Paradoxical leadership can strengthen managers’ abilities in dealing with interrelated and substantial issues and correspond to organizing and belonging paradoxes in holistic thinking processes. Health-care organizations must shape a coordinated institution and offer training initiatives to increase managers’ ability and attitude to control organizational rules and procedures while allowing employees’ flexibility and autonomy according to the requirements of the situation, which will maintain both organizational short-term benefits and long-term growth.
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Hsiang-Ming Lee, Tsai Chen, Yu-Shan Chen, Wei-Yuan Lo and Ya-Hui Hsu
The purpose of this research is to survey whether consumer ethnocentrism and animosity will affect consumers' perceived betrayal and cause negative word-of-mouth (NWOM).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research is to survey whether consumer ethnocentrism and animosity will affect consumers' perceived betrayal and cause negative word-of-mouth (NWOM).
Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted a 2 (consumer ethnocentrism) × 3 (consumer animosity) between-subject experiment design to test the hypotheses. Comprised of 380 respondents, this study used ANOVA to examine the data.
Findings
The results showed that if a brand violates the perception of fairness, ethnocentrism and animosity will have a positive effect on perceived betrayal. In addition, low consumer animosity revealed a significant consumer ethnocentrism effect and low ethnocentrism revealed a significant animosity effect, while the relationship between perceived betrayal and word of mouth is negative.
Originality/value
The current research adds to the understanding about how the reaction to a domestic brand's marketing strategies that are viewed as unfair and hurt the domestic consumers' expectations.
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Wei Yuan, Renfeng Yang, Jianyou Yu, Qunrong Zeng and Zechen Yao
Spray curing has become the preferred curing method for most cement concrete members because of its lower cost and sound effect. However, the spray curing quality of members is…
Abstract
Purpose
Spray curing has become the preferred curing method for most cement concrete members because of its lower cost and sound effect. However, the spray curing quality of members is vulnerable to random variation environment factors and anthropogenic interferences. This paper aims to introduce the machine learning algorithm into the spray curing system to optimize its control method to improve the spray curing quality of members.
Design/methodology/approach
The critical parameters affecting the spray curing quality of members were collected through experiments, such as the temperature and humidity of the member's surface, the temperature, humidity and wind speed of the environment. The C4.5 algorithm was used as a weak classifier algorithm, and the AdaBoost.M1 algorithm was used to cascade multiple weak classifiers to form a robust classifier according to the collected data.
Findings
The results showed that the model constructed by the AdaBoost.M1 algorithm had achieved higher accuracy and robustness among the two algorithms. Based on the classification model built by the AdaBoost.M1 algorithm, the spray curing system can cause automatic decision-making spray switching according to the member's real-time curing state and environment.
Originality/value
With the classification model constructed by the AdaBoost.M1 algorithm, the spray curing system can overcome the disadvantages that external factors greatly influence the current control method of the spray curing system, and the intelligent control of the spray curing system was realized to a certain extent. This paper provides a reference for applying machine learning algorithms in the intellectual transformation of bridge construction equipment.
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Wei Yuan, Nannan Wang, Qianjian Guo, Wenhua Wang, Baotao Chi, Angang Yan and Jie Yu
The high-load operation of the engine crankshaft causes severe wear and fatigue. This study aims to prepare in situ textures with effective density and study their wear mechanism…
Abstract
Purpose
The high-load operation of the engine crankshaft causes severe wear and fatigue. This study aims to prepare in situ textures with effective density and study their wear mechanism on the surface of ductile cast iron, which optimizes the tribological properties of engine crankshafts and reduces wear.
Design/methodology/approach
A new method was proposed based on the hardness difference in graphite removal to form an in situ texture. The friction performance was evaluated using a combination of computational fluid dynamics and tribological testings. The influence of the texture characteristic parameters on the bearing capacity of the oil film was analyzed. The surface wear morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy.
Findings
The texture density significantly affected the oil film bearing capacity. The surface texture can reduce the average friction coefficient (COF) by more than 35% owing to the oil film bearing and storage capacity. Specifically, the 13% texture density exhibited the lowest wear rate and COF under all three experimental conditions. The reduction in abrasive particles in the wear area of the textured surface indicates that the surface texture can improve the lubrication mechanism.
Originality/value
This study systematically explored the influence of the weight of each model parameter on tribological properties. Subsequently, focusing on the critical parameter (texture density), detailed tribological testings were carried out to reveal the specific effect of texture density on the wear mechanism under different working conditions, and the optimal texture density to achieve the optimal tribological performance was determined accordingly.
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Shufeng Tang, Jingfang Ji, Yun Zhi, Wei Yuan, Hong Chang, Xin Wang and Xiaodong Guo
Continuum robots offer unique advantages in various specialized environments, particularly in confined or hard-to-reach spaces. Inverse kinematics and real-time shape estimation…
Abstract
Purpose
Continuum robots offer unique advantages in various specialized environments, particularly in confined or hard-to-reach spaces. Inverse kinematics and real-time shape estimation constitute crucial aspects of closed-loop control for continuum robots, presenting challenging problems. This paper aims to present an inverse kinematics and shape reconstruction method, which relies solely on the knowledge of base and end positions and orientations.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the constant curvature assumption, continuum robots are regarded as spatial curves composed of circular arcs. Using geometric relationships, the mathematical relationships between the arc chords, points on the bisecting plane and the coordinate axes are established. On this basis, the analytical solution of the inverse kinematics of the continuum robots is derived. Using the positions and orientations of the base and end of the continuum robots, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to solve the positions of the cubic Bezier curves, and a new method of spatial shape reconstruction of continuum robots is proposed.
Findings
The inverse kinematics and spatial shape reconstruction simulation of the continuum robot are carried out, and the spatial shape measurement experimental platform for the continuum robot is constructed to compare the measured and reconstructed spatial shapes. The results show that the maximum relative error between the actual shape and the reconstructed shape of the continuum robot is 2.08%, which verifies the inverse kinematics and shape reconstruction model. Additionally, when the bending angle of a single bending section of the continuum robot is less than 135°, the shape reconstruction accuracy is higher.
Originality/value
The proposed inverse kinematics solution method avoids iterative solving, and the shape reconstruction model does not rely on mechanical models. It has the advantages of being simple to solve, highly accurate and fast in computation, making it suitable for real-time control of continuum robots.
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Wei Yuan, Guangneng Dong, Kwai Sang Chin, Meng Hua and Qianjian Guo
Streak defect and dynamic harmonic excitation (DHE) loading play important roles in machine operating conditions. The purpose of this paper was to assess the effects of streak…
Abstract
Purpose
Streak defect and dynamic harmonic excitation (DHE) loading play important roles in machine operating conditions. The purpose of this paper was to assess the effects of streak defect and DHE loading on the tribological properties of surface-contact friction pairs, for example the differential gear end-face on the washer, via experimental investigation.
Design/methodology/approach
Streak defect was artificially introduced into the washer surface, which was loaded with DHE loads produced by a spring-connecting weight system. The wear scar of the washers and the monitored friction force signals were respectively scanned using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed using wavelet simulation.
Findings
The friction force curves, SEM images and discrete wavelet transform results indicate that DHE loading tends to increase friction force, to accelerate plowing damages and result in side-flow of material and plastic deformation on the surfaces of the washer. Whereas, streak oil-channel textures on washer specimen can be machined to modify the lubrication condition in the running-in stage so as to improve the tribological properties of the sliding pairs which were even subjected to DHE loading.
Originality/value
On the basis of this thesis research, the effect of streak defect and DHE loading on tribological performance of surface-contact sliding pairs is discussed. The results of wear form and friction state with the effect of streak defect and DHE loading facilitate to optimize the operating condition of mechanical parts.
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Wei Yuan, K. S. Chin, Guangneng Dong and Meng Hua
This paper aims to optimize the operating condition of mechanical parts, whose working surfaces have macro-crack defects, and surface wear properties with macro-cracks are…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to optimize the operating condition of mechanical parts, whose working surfaces have macro-crack defects, and surface wear properties with macro-cracks are assessed through experimental investigation.
Design/methodology/approach
Macro-cracks perpendicular to the direction of sliding were manufactured on discs by electric discharge machining. Tribological tests under oil lubrication were conducted on a ball-on-disc test rig. Their wear processes were monitored with on-line visual ferrography. The cross-sectional profile and morphology of the wear track were analyzed using a T200 profilometer and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. Effects of different crack numbers and various applied normal loads on the wear behavior were studied.
Findings
The macro-cracks tend to promote plastic deformation on the contact disc surfaces, and material plastic deformation of the crack edges varies with the magnitude of applied normal loads. Relationship of the duration of running-in period and root mean square index of the particle coverage area with the numbers of crack is approximately linear.
Originality/value
The wear properties of surfaces with macro-cracks were assessed with various crack numbers and with different applied normal loads, and the relationship between the index of particle coverage area and the wear rate was established.
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Hsiang-Ming Lee, Ya-Hui Hsu, Tsai Chen, Wei-Yuan Lo and Wei-Chun Chien
The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of different brand positions (underdog vs top dog) and comparative advertising on consumers’ brand attitudes. Additionally…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of different brand positions (underdog vs top dog) and comparative advertising on consumers’ brand attitudes. Additionally, this study also aims to demonstrate the effects of inspiration, self-relevance and empathy on the relationship between brand positioning and comparative advertising.
Design/methodology/approach
A two-by-three factorial design was employed with brand positions (underdog vs top dog) and three types of comparative advertising (noncomparative, indirect comparative and direct comparative) as the independent variables. Inspiration serves as the mediator, while self-relevance and empathy act as moderators and brand attitude is the dependent variable.
Findings
The results show that different brand positions significantly affect brand attitudes, with respondents having a better brand attitude toward the underdog brand. Brand attitude is partially mediated by inspiration. Self-relevance moderates the relationship between brand positioning and brand attitude. However, brand positioning, comparative advertising and empathy do not have interaction effects.
Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to a better understanding of the effect of psychological variables on brand positioning and comparative advertising.
Practical implications
The results suggest that the underdog setting requires a real and honest story because consumers will spot a fake underdog story, which will damage consumer trust in the brand and harm the brand image.
Originality/value
There is a lack of research using psychological variables to demonstrate the effect of being the underdog brand. This study contributes to the literature by employing psychological variables to illustrate the effect of underdog positioning. These findings can help brands develop branding positioning strategies.