Thomas J.R. Hughes and Farzin Shakib
A simple modification of J2‐flow theory is made which enables it to approximately represent the reduced stiffness and increased plastic flow of corner‐theory response to…
Abstract
A simple modification of J2‐flow theory is made which enables it to approximately represent the reduced stiffness and increased plastic flow of corner‐theory response to non‐proportional loading. The key idea involves making the plastic modulus a function of the loading direction. A concise radial‐return type numerical algorithm is presented for the constitutive integration.
A finite element procedure is presented for refined transient analysis of two‐dimensional (plane or axisymmetric) non‐linear structures involving arbitrarily large displacements…
Abstract
A finite element procedure is presented for refined transient analysis of two‐dimensional (plane or axisymmetric) non‐linear structures involving arbitrarily large displacements, rotations and strains. The finite element model is based on the biquadratic nine‐node element of the Lagrange family. The relevant points pertaining to the equations of motion and their integration and to the spatial description, including geometrical and material non‐linearities, are considered. In particular, stress and strain rates are discussed. Finally, significant numerical applications show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A systems specialist proposes a new high growth role for railways — as automated freight carriers.
This chapter proposes a sociological reconstruction of the emergence of citizenship as a source of legitimacy for political institutions, and it focuses on examining the…
Abstract
This chapter proposes a sociological reconstruction of the emergence of citizenship as a source of legitimacy for political institutions, and it focuses on examining the historical processes that first gave rise to this concept. It explains how citizenship has its origins in the transformation of feudal law, a process that culminated in patterns of military organization that characterized the rise of the early modern state in Europe. On this basis, it describes how the growth of constitutional democracy was integrally marked by the militarization of society and explains that military pressures have remained palpable in constitutional constructions of citizenship. In particular, it argues that, through the early growth of democracy, national citizenship practices were closely linked to global conflicts, and they tended to replicate such conflicts in national contexts. It concludes by showing how more recent processes of constitutional norm formation, based largely in international human rights law, have acted to soften the military dimensions of citizenship.
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Two questions broadly drove this research: Donald Trump promised to fix the economy and create jobs, and he is ending or renegotiating trade treaties. Is he creating more jobs…
Abstract
Purpose
Two questions broadly drove this research: Donald Trump promised to fix the economy and create jobs, and he is ending or renegotiating trade treaties. Is he creating more jobs? How can Trump create a more inclusive economy? The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper closely examines Trump’s economic policies and draws from past Democratic and Republication track records to explain how Trump’s policies will contribute to greater income inequality.
Findings
By all measures, President Trump fails on measures of equality, diversity, and inclusion.
Originality/value
This original paper examines the implications of the Trump administration’s policies in the areas of tax cuts (for small- and medium-sized enterprises rather than large corporations), incentives to support small business growth, entrepreneurship training, education and skills training (to retool Americans), and infrastructure spending.
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In the present work a rigid‐plastic finite element formulation using a dynamic explicit time integration scheme is proposed for numerical analysis of sheet metal forming processes. The rigid‐plastic finite element method, based on membrane elements, has long been employed as a useful numerical technique for the analysis of sheet metal forming because of its time effectiveness. The explicit scheme, in general, is based on the elastic‐plastic modelling of material requiring large computation time. The resort to rigid‐plastic modelling would improve the computational efficiency, but this involves new points of consideration such as zero energy mode instability. A damping scheme is proposed in order to achieve a stable solution procedure in dynamic sheet forming problems. In order to improve the drawbacks of the conventional membrane elements, BEAM (abbreviated from Bending Energy Augmented Membrane) elements, are employed. Rotational damping and spring about the drilling direction are introduced to prevent a zero energy mode. The lumping scheme is employed for the diagonal mass matrix and linearizing dynamic formulation. A contact scheme is developed by combining the skew boundary condition and a direct trial‐and‐error method. Computations are carried out for analysis of complicated sheet metal forming processes such as forming of an oilpan and a front fender. The numerical results of explicit analysis are compared with the implicit results, with good agreement, and it is shown that the explicit scheme requires much shorter computational times, especially when the problem becomes more complicated. It is thus shown that the proposed dynamic explicit rigid‐plastic finite element enables an effective computation for complicated sheet metal processes.
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This study aims to explore an exemplar of the design and application of a systemic framework for higher education. The field of application is in the social sciences and the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore an exemplar of the design and application of a systemic framework for higher education. The field of application is in the social sciences and the perspective long-term, covering three generations of faculty and many generations of students.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is exploratory. It contains a conceptual component and an empirical component with a long-term case study from a European university.
Findings
A cybersystemic approach to higher education has been shown, at the focal university, to be a powerful amplifier of individual and institutional capabilities, and it still has great potential. The crucial prerequisite is that the approach is virtuously designed and implemented.
Originality/value
A case study ranging over 50 years is presented. The respective university has been a role model for other educational institutions for many years. Its influence in the German-speaking countries, and more recently also internationally, has become significant.
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Considers systems theory and cybernetics to be a solid basis for transdisciplinarity in management education and research. Introduces the “St Gallen Management Model” and…
Abstract
Considers systems theory and cybernetics to be a solid basis for transdisciplinarity in management education and research. Introduces the “St Gallen Management Model” and discusses models grounded in systemic thinking. Outlines recent developments and assesses their impact.
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The third and latest generation of the St. Gallen Management Concept represents an attempt to extend logically the ‘system oriented science of business and industrial management’…
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The third and latest generation of the St. Gallen Management Concept represents an attempt to extend logically the ‘system oriented science of business and industrial management’ to the management problems of all kinds of companies and other similar social systems.
This paper attempts to trace and describe the role played by the government sector – the state – in promoting economic growth in Western societies since the Renaissance. One…
Abstract
This paper attempts to trace and describe the role played by the government sector – the state – in promoting economic growth in Western societies since the Renaissance. One important conclusion is that the antagonism between state and market, which has characterised the twentieth century, is a relatively new phenomenon. Since the Renaissance one very important task of the state has been to create well‐functioning markets by providing a legal framework, standards, credit, physical infrastructure and – if necessary – to function temporarily as an entrepreneur of last resort. Early economists were acutely aware that national markets did not occur spontaneously, and they used “modern” ideas like synergies, increasing returns, and innovation theory when arguing for the right kind of government policy. In fact, mercantilist economics saw it as a main task to extend the synergetic economic effects observed within cities to the territory of a nation‐state. The paper argues that the classical Anglo‐Saxon tradition in economics – fundamentally focused on barter and distribution, rather than on production and knowledge – systematically fails to grasp these wider issues in economic development, and it brings in and discusses the role played by the state in alternative traditions of non‐equilibrium economics.