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This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/03090569010005787. When citing the article, please cite: Robert W. Armstrong, Bruce W. Stening, John K. Ryans, Larry Marks, Michael Mayo, (1990), “International Marketing Ethics: Problems Encountered by Australian Firms”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 24 Iss: 10, pp. 5 - 18.

The purpose of this paper is to revisit our original paper published over 20 years ago and reflect on its purpose, contribution and what we can glean that might have implications for future research.

A Google Scholar search showed that the article was cited 74 times. We discuss some of the contexts in which it was cited and identify two research themes that have emanated from this paper and hold promise for future research.

We discuss two of the several contexts in which our research is discussed. These include the differential ways in which cues are used in a services context, including the ways in which different cues are used to evaluate services and how cues are used to develop consumer expectations.

The study, which was cited 74 times according to Google Scholar, was formative in terms of discussion of, for example, how a variety of cues influence customer expectations and service evaluation, and how categories of cues, such as marketer controlled versus non-marketer controlled and personal versus non-personal, impact outcomes. The retrospective analysis was helpful in both reflecting on the status quo on some of these issues and suggesting directions for future research.

This chapter presents data and analysis to conceptualise the role of the executive principal, and how the executive principal practises leadership in formal school partnerships in China. To achieve this, this research draws on Foucault’s concept of pastoral power, enriching it through interplay with Chinese notions of morality. This research is anchored in one innovative educational organisation – the Education Collective (EC). The EC is a large-scale and multi-level educational organisation formed by two or more schools or campuses guided by a common concept and bound by a contract. Education collectivisation has now become the mainstream model of running compulsory education in China. The head of the EC, often referred to as the executive principal, is the legal representative of each EC and is responsible for the entire collective.

The international marketing ethics problems encountered by a representative sample of Australian firms engaged in international business are examined. The executive in charge of international marketing in 38 firms (a 25 per cent response rate) provided information on the types of ethical problems they have most commonly confronted. Bribery was overwhelmingly the most common ethical problem. In addition, a comparison is made between the Australian results and the results of a similar study conducted in the United States. This comparison reveals many striking similarities.

In this chapter, a new methodology is adumbrated for critical scholars who research education leadership. It is argued that this new methodology is necessary for two main reasons. The first is the epistemological inadequacy of dominant functionalist education-leadership methodologies. The second is the way in which the dominant critical methodology in the critical part of the field – policy scholarship – does not enable an explicit focus on education leadership but relegates it conceptually to a by-product of education policy. This enables those critical scholars who see leadership as a ‘tainted’ concept to avoid or deny it altogether. The methodology proposed here is called critical education leadership and policy scholarship (CELPS) and comprises six features: (1) it is epistemologically critical, that is, it focuses on context and power from a post-positivist perspective. (2) CELPS locates and works with education policy in diverse contexts, including the ideological, historical, political, discursive, socio-economic, axiological and cultural. (3) CELPS understands education leadership and policy as mutually constitutive. (4) CELPS enables the ontological deployment of the terms leader and leadership without committing to a project of reification. (5) CELPS requires the explicit theorisation and/or conceptualisation of its objects and assumptive architecture. (6) CELPS makes room for new or diverse approaches, agendas, methods, aims and foci. This chapter makes an important contribution to the critical field’s capacity to address extant and emergent problems in education empirically, as well as conceptually.

This article concerns the development of a German Language Children’s Literature Collection at Louisiana State University (LSU) that is used in conjunction with the German Language Program at LSU. The article discusses the rationale behind such a collection and provides the tools and selection criteria necessary to develop a successful collection. Also included are sample titles chosen using the process that is discussed during the course of the article.

1. The Mathematical‐Type Techniques. The most commonly employed mathematical‐type techniques are the multi‐variate regression analysis and gravity and trip generation models.

To make the issue stark, let us begin with a few assumptions. I believe that these assumptions are probably roughly accurate, but none is certain, and I will not try to justify them here. Instead, I will simply take them for granted for the sake of argument.¹

Extends the current understanding of customer satisfaction at the business‐to‐business level in the Asian banking industry. The main thrust of the paper is an attempt to conceptualise a comprehensive model of satisfaction at the business‐to‐business level incorporating guanxi (Chinese business relationships), relationship marketing and the disconfirmation paradigm. The essence of the research highlighted the importance of relational constructs, in addition to the disconfirmation paradigm, in impacting customer satisfaction at the business‐to‐business level in the Singapore banking industry. At the business‐to‐business level in the Asian context, the disconfirmation paradigm is still the predominant paradigm influencing the customer satisfaction process. Relationship marketing and guanxi are significant in our comprehensive model of corporate‐customer satisfaction. Relationship marketing was found to have both a direct and an indirect impact (through disconfirmation) on corporate‐customer satisfaction. Guanxi was found to exert an indirect impact on satisfaction as opposed to the initial hypothesised direct impact on satisfaction.

Since the size of surface defect which has a detrimental affect on specular gloss is comparable with that of some pigment particles it follows that in paint systems where pigment is present at the surface, gloss may be significantly affected. The size of titanium dioxide crystals, for example, is about 0.2 ?m so depending on the paint system used, the type of pigment and its concentration are important factors.