Benjamin Thomas Greer, Grace Cotulla and Halleh Seddighzadeh
Protecting society from sex offenders has presented a challenge for state legislatures. Recent decades have seen a significant increase in sexually motivated crimes, especially…
Abstract
Purpose
Protecting society from sex offenders has presented a challenge for state legislatures. Recent decades have seen a significant increase in sexually motivated crimes, especially sex trafficking. Effectively combatting sexual exploitation demands a range of legal strategies. As of 2012, 20 states have passed sexually violent predators (SVP) legislation. Human traffickers may exhibit the same deplorable characteristics as SVPs and should be subject to civil commitments. Traffickers are extremely skilled at exploiting their victim’s psychological pressure-points; knowing which cultural or personal experiences they can prey upon to extract compliance. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the overlapping predatory nature of sex traffickers and SVPs; the creation and purpose of sexual predator civil commitment statutes; and to dissect two cases which could give grounds for civil commitment.
Design/methodology/approach
Legal research and analysis.
Findings
Repeated human sex traffickers may suffer from an underlying mental illness which would render them a continued danger to society when released from jail. They should be evaluated and civility committed if medically appropriate.
Practical implications
A potential increase in civil commits.
Social implications
Keep society safe from repeat sexual predators.
Originality/value
The authors have vast experience in the field of human trafficking and this topic will be a pioneering initial discussion.
Details
Keywords
Thomas Greer and William Pride
Attempts to establish personality as an open system operating in and depending on an environment of cultural inputs. Reveals several factors which create difference among…
Abstract
Attempts to establish personality as an open system operating in and depending on an environment of cultural inputs. Reveals several factors which create difference among personalities along with their implications for modal personality. Discusses the effects of the personality‐cultural relationship on interpersonal transactions, focusing on the effect of culture on the individual.
Details
Keywords
Ashley K. Farmer and Ivan Y. Sun
This chapter examines how citizen journalism affects perceptions of legitimacy among local residents and police officers.
Abstract
Purpose
This chapter examines how citizen journalism affects perceptions of legitimacy among local residents and police officers.
Methodology/approach
Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with residents and police officers.
Findings
Local residents are mostly willing to obey police commands, but a lack of trust in the police and fear of retaliation hinder willingness to cooperate with the police. Citizens’ willingness to follow police orders is mostly a way for them to end the encounter as quickly as possible so the contact will not extend for a prolonged period of time and cause even more serious consequences. Citizens have recorded the police in the past when they witnessed officers not following proper procedures. The police view citizens recording them as a form of defiance and while this makes policing challenging, police officers interviewed still hold high levels of self-legitimacy, most likely due to their organizational and occupational culture. Recording the police has emerged as a way for citizens to challenge police authority and legitimacy during encounters.
Originality/value
While recording the police has increased with recent technological advances, little empirical research has examined its impact on policing and police-community relations. This study connects three critical issues in policing – technology, citizen journalism, and police legitimacy – by assessing the impact of recording the police on police legitimacy in the eyes of the public and police officers. Not only does this study fill our gap in knowledge on citizens recording the police, but it also furnishes valuable implications for policy and future study.
Details
Keywords
The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, written by the World Health Organization and joined in by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund…
Abstract
The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, written by the World Health Organization and joined in by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), was passed by the World Health Assembly in mid‐1981. Intended as a model statute for member nations to adopt, it is now at the centre of a controversy that is both complex and dynamic. This controversy is simultaneously one of humanitarianism, community health, business, and — most of all — law. No doubt most readers are familiar with the heated campaigns of the past few years against infant formula distribution in the Third World. Today the weight of public opinion in most developed countries is with the Code, but that does not necessarily imply ultimate adoption and implementation in other countries. This article attempts, while taking no position on the Code's merits, to examine its possible future. Specifically, (1) Will the Code be adopted and implemented? (2) What is the context in which such decisions will be made?
Co‐operation among multinational food corporations, public health agencies and charities to combat food shortages and inadequate nutrition is worthy of serious, objective…
Abstract
Co‐operation among multinational food corporations, public health agencies and charities to combat food shortages and inadequate nutrition is worthy of serious, objective consideration. Unfortunately, there is some suspicion, hostility, and lack of understanding among different parties. The private sector has valuable expertise and a customer/client orientation that is usually missing elsewhere. Several interventions and difficulties are discussed. Present and potential products, product development, and promotion are considered. It is concluded that significant amounts of responsible co‐operation are vital and possible.
The Economic Community of West African States (EOWAS) is a majorattempt by 16 lesser developed countries (LDCs) to gain economicadvantages through regional co‐operation and to…
Abstract
The Economic Community of West African States (EOWAS) is a major attempt by 16 lesser developed countries (LDCs) to gain economic advantages through regional co‐operation and to improve their international leverage on several factors with multinational companies, foreign governments, an inter‐governmental organizations. This group of mostly young nations has survived uniquely difficult circumstances and is now relaunching its efforts at economic reform, trade liberalization, and political dialogue. Although there are problems, the regional economy it covers offers significant opportunities for international marketers.
Details
Keywords
Thomas V. Greer and Michael J. Chattalas
Coffee is the developing world′s largest export after oil, andcoffee revenues are vital to many nations. However, growth prospects forconsumption of this critically important…
Abstract
Coffee is the developing world′s largest export after oil, and coffee revenues are vital to many nations. However, growth prospects for consumption of this critically important commodity are not encouraging on a global basis and are discouraging in the US where volume is on a long‐term decline. The Promotion Fund of the International Coffee Agreement attempts to encourage consumption. The fund is financially supported by coffee producing countries that have signed the International Coffee Agreement. In light of objectives to assist developing nations and help these nations to help themselves, it is important to understand the operations of the Fund. The Promotion Fund of the International Coffee Agreement may serve as a skeletal model for the development of similar agreements for other products significant to the developing world.
Details
Keywords
Benjamin Thomas Greer and Scott Davidson Dyle
The purpose of this paper is to explore and expand the legal discussion on T-Visa requirements and how it can be better structured to provide support for victims of sex…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and expand the legal discussion on T-Visa requirements and how it can be better structured to provide support for victims of sex trafficking that suffer from severe mental health injuries.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted extensive US legal and sociological research compiling human trafficking mental health report data, primarily conducted in Europe. Based on these finding, the authors interviewed practitioners in the legal field to verify assumed legal hurdles. Once validated the author's attempted to address and design an equitable approach towards mitigating the demonstrated legal shortfall.
Findings
There is a dearth of US research on mental health trauma survivors of trafficking endure. This void prevents the legal system from adequately addressing likely outcomes suffered by the victims of this crime and prevents policy makers from structuring legal requirements equitably. Policy makers often need concrete examples of problems before reacting. This paper attempts to demonstrate how the current T-Visa requirements fail to fully recognize mental health injuries of sex trafficking and begins to provide a pathway to balance.
Originality/value
While the statistical data was previously conducted by outside sources, the legal analysis is completely original by the author's and is likely to have a very high value to policy makers when addressing these issues. This paper also highlights the need for a more robust research program into human trafficking and mental health injuries within the US so that many of the analogies and assumptions can be supported.
Details
Keywords
A variety of topics within international marketing are reviewed:global product strategies; export marketing and distribution strategies;export and planning future business with…
Abstract
A variety of topics within international marketing are reviewed: global product strategies; export marketing and distribution strategies; export and planning future business with developing countries; and the difficulties of trading within Eastern Europe.