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During the early 1970s, per capita income of Koreans increased rapidly. The increased income was due to the speedy industrialization. Both increased income and mounting stress from jobs and the industrialized environment together induced Koreans to travel away from home to relax and regain strength to work.

Image has been found to be one of the important influences in the selection of consumers' choice for visiting and investing in a destination leading to sustainable development. Important determinants of tourism namely, knowledge of destination attractions and image association were employed in this research based on previous studies in a number of fields. The research reported in this paper presents the results of an empirical test of the determinants related to tourism using Liverpool as a case study because of its selection as the European Capital of Culture (CoC) for 2008. European Capital of Culture scheme has among its many objectives the idea of sustainable development for the chosen CoC. Combination of data collection methods was used for the research. The paper contributes to the ongoing debate on destination image association by providing empirical evidence through the case study or Liverpool as well as how consumers relate to a destination and especially a CoC. One of the major findings of the study was the identification of image association clusters with regard to Liverpool as a CoC. We brand this clusters as the ‘tangible attractions cluster’ and ‘intangible attractions cluster’. The results of this research provide important implications for strategic image management and can aid in designing and implementing sustainable marketing programs for creating and enhancing tourism destination images.

Approche générale du problème Peu nombreux sont les parcs qui se prêtent à une visite de plus d'une journée. Une réflexion qui s'attache aux établissements majeurs pourra donc se cantonner aux réalisations conçues en vue d'accueillir le public pendant une journée, c'est‐à‐dire 5 à 7 heures d'activités entrecoupées de pauses et d'un repas pris sur place.

This research initiates an exploratory research assessing the general attitudes of hoteliers from independently owned properties toward environmental management issues and determines the facilitators motivating them to introduce environmental management policies as well as the inhibitors hindering the adoption. This study distributes the questionnaires via email to 250 medium-sized hotels, from the rating of three to five stars, in Germany. As a result, 41 useful questionnaires are obtained and analysed. The findings suggest that the communication of new environmental initiatives between hoteliers and environmental organizations is not so effective. In general, the respondents agree that environmental policy is necessary and they view that sound environmental management systems would have a positive effect on customers’ perception of the hotel.