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In search for new ideas outside the firm's boundaries most companies choose to implement cooperation in the form of discrete projects, increasing the importance of project management. As research in this area so far mainly dealt with formalized instruments of process control, the purpose of this paper is to focus on personal aspects, particularly on the role of project leadership.

A sample of 84 biotechnological projects were analyzed. A standardized questionnaire was developed and sent out to research and development managers from the chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry. The level of analysis for the survey were single cooperative projects and basically regression statistics were employed.

It was found that the requirement for a stronger project leader is highly dependent on the degree of trust among team members and the administrative activity. In contrast, other factors, like the risk associated with a cooperative project, or the extent of upper management support are not significantly related to a stronger leader.

As only biotechnological projects were analyzed, other studies investigating the required project leadership style in other industries would be necessary to be able to generalize. Furthermore, there are several factors with a potential influence that could not be examined in this study.

The findings would suggest to companies involved in cooperative projects that more emphasis should be put on the human factors of project management and not only on efficient instruments.

This paper focuses on the required strength of a project leader and should thus be of interest to managers trying to set up effective cooperative projects.

Debates why and how some practices become universal – taking as a case in point closed‐chest massage (CCCM). Points out that CCCM was recognized in 1960 and its use generated heated debates, which altered the technique and reshuffled existing infrastructures. Claims that debates act as a catalyst for university. Investigates the emergence of CCCM, the debate on the merits (or otherwise) of closed versus open‐chested cardiac massage, and who could use the method of CCCM. Indicates that CCCM only became universally practised when it was incorporated into the infrastructure for dealing with emergency cases, and thus became taken for granted.

A deeper understanding of the key drivers of consumer wine perception is a major challenge in the domain of wine marketing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the various dimensions of customer-perceived value that lead the customers – in general and divided into different age groups – to choose and consume a certain wine.

In the exploratory study context of examining value-related consumer attitudes and behavioural effects, the drivers and outcomes of wine consumption based on a cross-generation sample, PLS path modelling was considered for the empirical tests of our hypotheses.

Though there exist differences between Generation X and Generation Y consumers, the empirical results are supportive of the hypothesized positive relations between financial, functional, individual and social perceptions that influence the desire for and the consumption of wine.

For future research, the findings presented in the paper support the importance of enlarging the size of the sample and collecting data in different countries to compare the results on an international level.

Successful wine marketing strategies should focus on the customer's subjective expectations and individual value perceptions by addressing the specific value aspects that are highly relevant for consumer loyalty.

The study results are valuable for researchers, managers and marketers because they address the question of how to measure and forecast the perceived value with the greatest influence on consumers’ wine choices.

Given widespread digital transformations in all sorts of organizations, it is increasingly difficult to ignore the role of digital technologies in institutional change. In this essay, we characterize existing scholarship in terms of whether it emphasizes how digital technologies are either “triggers” or “carriers” of institutional change. As triggers, digital technologies serve as catalysts that afford novel structuring as they are enacted in practice. As carriers, digital technologies can shape those practices in ways that are consistent with the structuring of other fields. We propose a view of institutionally embedded affordances, where digital technologies are both triggers and carriers that afford institutional change. We conclude with a reflection on how digital technologies are implicated in the convergence of previously distinct industrial fields.

Presents a new method for the numerical simulation of diffusion with phase‐change. The method is able to handle hysteresis and finite‐rate kinetics in the phase‐change reaction. Such phenomena are frequent in solid‐solid phase transitions. The model problem discussed concerns hydrogen migration and hydride precipitation in zirconium and its alloys, a problem of interest to the nuclear industry. With respect to previous ones, our method is the first to incorporate an implicit treatment of diffusion, thus avoiding mesh‐dependent stability limits in the time step. The CPU time can in this way be reduced by a factor of 10–20 in applications. Addresses, through numerical studies, convergence with respect to mesh refinement and reduction of the time step. Also reports on an application of the method to the simulation of laboratory experiments. Shows that the method is a powerful tool to deal with general phase‐change problems, extendable to other physical systems.

Recognizing food waste as a global issue, it has attracted scholars to conduct numerous relevant studies in the area. Growing concerns about the social and environmental impacts have intensified food waste attention to the practice of socially responsible consumption. The purpose of this study is to undertake a review of existing knowledge to edify and provide a platform for future research.

The present study retrieved and reviewed a total of 76 articles from Web of Science (WoS) database, which were published from 2011 to 2020 in food and nutrition related journals from social responsibility perspective.

In accordance with the proposed research questions, the findings demonstrate the publication trend, distribution of article sources, research regions, thematic classification, theoretical and methodology framework. The findings also reveal research gaps in the literature and facilitate scholars with extensive gap-specific research directions to explore.

This review is limited in its consideration of articles from the (WoS) database and focused in food or nutrition related journals.

By mapping what is known in the current state of food waste research, this study identifies existing gaps and opportunities for future research in this area.

A computer‐based expert system to help industry diagnose and solve corrosion problems has been developed by the U.K.'s National Physical Laboratory and Harwell's Metals Technology Centre. A prototype of the system has already been demonstrated widely in both the U.K. and the U.S. Other industrial sectors could well follow this lead and develop similar systems using expert systems. The main users of this system will be those associated with the metal, process and petrochemical industries. Such a system will be able to provide direct and rapid access to an extensive database on corrosion together with diagnostic and evaluation facilities for identifying and solving corrosion problems. The aim is to construct the full knowledge system and link it with the database in the same way as existing expert systems have been developed. One of the key elements of this system is the use of STATUS, the U.K.'s Harwell information storage and retrieval software package.

Our article on the recently‐issued Post‐war Proposals of the Library Association is, like the accounts that have appeared elsewhere, merely preliminary. It must be productive of much suggestion and comment, including we have no doubt much criticism from librarians. It has been given, we understand, a most extensive circulation, to Members of Parliament, local authorities, all Town Clerks and Clerks to Councils, all societies which have social and cultural objects, selected private persons, all members of the L.A. and, of course, the press in London and the Provinces. Some measures of the interest in libraries may be gained from the amount of discussion that will ensue. We hope that our readers will at least keep us in touch with their opinions and suggestions and will make every effort to prevent their submergence in the welter of schemes and reports now surrounding us.

Communications regarding this column should be addressed to Mrs. Cheney, Peabody Library School, Nashville, Tenn. 37203. Mrs. Cheney does not sell the books listed here. They are available through normal trade sources. Mrs. Cheney, being a member of the editorial board of Pierian Press, will not review Pierian Press reference books in this column. Descriptions of Pierian Press reference books will be included elsewhere in this publication.