Manoj Kumar, Neeraj Mehla, Shobhit Srivastava and Ravi Kant Ravi
This paper aims to provide a critical review of water generation from atmospheric air by using desiccant materials. Over the past few years, there has been very high stress on…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to provide a critical review of water generation from atmospheric air by using desiccant materials. Over the past few years, there has been very high stress on water scarcity, especially in Asian and African countries. Because of this insecurity, many countries are focusing on their research in the field of water technologies. Water generation from atmospheric air by using desiccant materials is one of the techniques among the air-to-water generators (AWGs).
Design/methodology/approach
A structured and systematic literature review has been presented to observe and understand the past trend/patterns in the field of water generation from atmospheric air by using desiccant materials. To understand the water generation technologies based on desiccant materials, the research papers from the years 1987 to 2022 have been studied and included.
Findings
The properties of the different and most probable desiccant materials in the field of AWGs have been discussed. A detailed review of testing reports of collected water samples has also been presented in tabular form. Finally, the economic analysis has been done and future prospects have been discussed. It is also found that the capacity of solid desiccant materials to adsorb the water is less as compared to liquid desiccant materials. But, the adsorption capacity can be improved by using composite desiccant materials.
Originality/value
The uniqueness of this manuscript lies in the compiling and examination of the existed published research papers, including variables such as author, year and geographical location, experimental/simulative, types of desiccant material, type of setup, desiccant material type and quantity and type of concentrator. This manuscript provides critique to the empirical and conceptual research in AWG technologies and also stimulates researchers to explore the topic very carefully.
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Yograj Singh Duksh, Brajesh Kumar Kaushik, Sankar Sarkar and Raghuvir Singh
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of driver size and number of shells on propagation delay and power for multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) interconnects at…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of driver size and number of shells on propagation delay and power for multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) interconnects at 22 nm technology node.
Design/methodology/approach
An equivalent circuit model of MWCNT is used for estimation and analysis of propagation delay and power. The delay and power through MWCNT and Cu interconnects are compared for various driver sizes and number of MWCNT shells.
Findings
The SPICE simulation results show that the MWCNT interconnect has lower propagation delay than Cu interconnects. The delay ratio of MWCNT to Cu decreases with increase in length for different driver size and number of MWCNT shells. However, the delay ratio increases with reduction in number of MWCNT shells. The ratio of average power consumption (MWCNT/Cu) also decreases with the variation in driver size and numbers of shells with respect to the length of interconnect. The theoretical study proves CNTs to be better alternatives against copper on the ground of performance parameters.
Research limitations/implications
Several challenges remain to be overcome in the areas of fabrication and process integration for CNTs. Lowering of metal nanotube contact resistance would be vital, especially for local interconnect and via applications. Moreover, rigorous characterization and modeling of electromagnetic interactions in CNT bundles; 3‐D (metal) to 1‐D (CNT) contact resistance; impact of defects on electrical and thermal properties; and high‐frequency effects are being seen as additional challenges.
Originality/value
This paper investigates, assesses and compares the performance of carbon nanotubes (CNT) based interconnects as prospective alternatives to copper wire interconnects in future VLSI chips. Multi walled CNTs assure for long/global interconnect applications.
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Yograj Singh Duksh, Brajesh Kumar Kaushik, Sankar Sarkar and Raghuvir Singh
The purpose of this paper is to explore and evaluate the performance comparison of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nickel silicide (NiSi) nanowires interconnects as prospective…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and evaluate the performance comparison of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nickel silicide (NiSi) nanowires interconnects as prospective alternatives to copper wire interconnects.
Design/methodology/approach
The increasing resistivity of the copper wire with scaling and rising demands on current density drives the need for identifying new wiring solutions. This paper explores the various alternatives to copper. The metallic bundle CNTs and NiSi nanowires are promising candidates that can potentially address the challenges faced by copper. This paper analyzes various electrical models of carbon nanotube and recently introduced novel interconnect solution using NiSi nanowires.
Findings
The theoretical studies proves CNTs and NiSi nanowires to be better alternatives against copper on the ground of performance parameters, such as effective current density, delay and power consumption. NiSi nanowire provides highest propagation speed for short wire length, and copper is the best for intermediate wire length, while bundle CNTs is faster for long wire length. NiSi nanowire has lowest power consumption than copper and CNTs.
Originality/value
This paper investigates, assess and compares the performance of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and NiSi nanowires interconnects as prospective alternatives to copper wire interconnects in future VLSI chips.
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Hardeep Chahal, Gurjeet Kaur Sahi and Anu Rani
The purpose of this paper is to present the exploratory research into the moderating influence of perceived risk on credit card usage and experience link and to know, among…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the exploratory research into the moderating influence of perceived risk on credit card usage and experience link and to know, among various types of risks, which risk is mostly perceived by credit card users. The study also investigates the dimensions of usage and service experience and their relative significance in credit card industry.
Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from 220 credit cardholders working in the various business and service units operating in Gandhi Nagar area of Jammu city.
Findings
The study captures a clear and strong moderating effect of perceived risk on usage and service experience link. Time risk appeared to be the strongest moderator. Further, sense of security and confidence benefits emerged as the strongest predictors of usage and service experience, respectively.
Research limitations/implications
The study is based on single financial service only, i.e. credit card. To generalise the results in financial and allied sectors, such as banking, retail or travel, where credit card usage is highly prevalent, this study need to be extended in future research. Further, influence of customer income, occupation and education on credit card use can also be seen in the future. Finally, focus can also be given to the identification and testing of risk-reducing strategies in future research.
Originality/value
There is no previous research on Indian credit card industry which examined the influence of perceived risk on its use among Indian customers and subsequently on their experience.