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Article
Publication date: 6 December 2019

Dennis Barber III, Suhail Mohammad Ghouse, John Batchelor, Francesca Chaher, Michael L. Harris and Shanan G. Gibson

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of business students in India toward business managers (not self-employed) and entrepreneurs.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of business students in India toward business managers (not self-employed) and entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach

Students’ perceptions of the ethical behaviors of business managers and entrepreneurs were measured using the Bucar and Hisrich (2001) model. The scale comprises 20 behavioral descriptors, and the students were asked to indicate the degree to which they believed entrepreneurs and business managers would consider these actions as ethical.

Findings

Responses to general items of ethical behavior demonstrated a difference in the perception of Indian students between business managers and entrepreneurs.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the field of entrepreneurship in two ways. One involves the results of the hypothesis testing presented herein to evaluate the perceptions of business students in India toward entrepreneurs and business managers. The second contribution is comparing these results to that of a similar study using a US sample (Batchelor et al., 2011) to compare the differences in perceptions toward entrepreneurs and business managers across these two nations.

Details

Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, vol. 12 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2053-4604

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2003

Shanan G. Gibson and Robert J. Harvey

Utilising Item Response Theory (IRT) methodologies, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) was examined for differential item functioning (DIF) on the basis of…

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Abstract

Utilising Item Response Theory (IRT) methodologies, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) was examined for differential item functioning (DIF) on the basis of crossed gender and ethnicity variables. Both the Mantel‐Haenszel procedure and an IRT area‐based technique were utilised to assess the degree of uniform and non‐uniform DIF in a sample of ASVAB takers. Findings were mixed. At the item level, DIF fluctuated greatly. Numerous instances of DIF favouring the reference as well as the focal group were found. At the scale level, inconsistencies existed across the forms and versions. Tests varied in their tendency to be potentially biased against the focal group of interest and at times, performed contrary to expectations. Implications for the ASVAB as well as other g‐loaded selection instruments are considered.

Details

Equal Opportunities International, vol. 22 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0261-0159

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2005

Shanan G. Gibson and James R. Gibson

Data provided by the U.S. Navy were analysed to examine differences in successful flight training completion between men and women and among minorities. Results indicated that…

303

Abstract

Data provided by the U.S. Navy were analysed to examine differences in successful flight training completion between men and women and among minorities. Results indicated that there were not significant differences between men and women with regard to attrition; however differences in the non‐completion of flight training did exist among those of different racial backgrounds. Consistent with previous studies, white aviators were found to have consistently higher graduation rates than all other racial groups and Blacks were found to have significantly higher rates of attrition than Hispanic student aviators. Recommendations to seek greater understanding of these discrepancies, including the potential for unfair discrimination, are made.

Details

Equal Opportunities International, vol. 24 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0261-0159

Keywords

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 March 2011

Michael L. Harris, William C. McDowell and Shanan G. Gibson

This study examines the performance between operational variables for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) within the context of interorganizational relationships…

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Abstract

This study examines the performance between operational variables for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) within the context of interorganizational relationships. Specifically, it investigates the role of information quality and continuous quality improvement and the varying importance that SMEs place on each of these constructs. The sample consists of 134 vendors of a large university in the southwestern region of the United States.The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between information quality and continuous quality improvement with performance in SMEs. Implications for both research and practice, as well as ideas for future research, are discussed.

Details

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, vol. 14 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1550-333X

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2005

Shanan G. Gibson

Organisational success is largely predicated upon the ability of leaders to effectively implement strategies that yield competitive advantage in rapidly changing, and sometimes…

1667

Abstract

Organisational success is largely predicated upon the ability of leaders to effectively implement strategies that yield competitive advantage in rapidly changing, and sometimes chaotic environments. Hence, an understanding of those leadership characteristics which are perceived by followers as being effective and instilling confidence is imperative. In order to examine the impact of contextual factors on leadership prototypes, 176 U.S. Marines were surveyed regarding their perceptions of leaders of who were either male or female and new or highly experienced. Approximately twenty three percent of the leader characteristics were found to be differently applied to leaders based upon either the gender, tenure, or both characteristics of the leader. In every one of these instances, significant differences were perceived between new female leaders and experienced male leaders, with the more positive characterisation always being of the latter. Suggestions for future training and research are made based upon these findings.

Details

Equal Opportunities International, vol. 24 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0261-0159

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Article
Publication date: 18 September 2007

Shanan G. Gibson, Robert J. Harvey and Michael L. Harris

The purpose of this paper is to examine the accuracy of the US Department of Labor's Occupational Information Network (O*NET), which, replacing the Dictionary of Occupational

667

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the accuracy of the US Department of Labor's Occupational Information Network (O*NET), which, replacing the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, analyzes jobs via a hierarchical taxonomy of work in which all task‐level activities are summarized into a 42‐construct taxonomy of first‐order generalized work activities (GWAs).

Design/methodology/approach

This study examined the degree of convergence between ratings made using the holistic‐judgment process in the O*NET (which directly rates GWAs using single‐item scales) vs traditional decomposed‐judgment methods which statistically combine ratings of multiple activity items for each GWA.

Findings

Analysis of holistic O*NET general work activity ratings with decomposed common‐metric questionnaire (CMQ) ratings revealed poor convergence between holistic vs decomposed methods, low interrater agreement and a tendency for incumbents to rate higher than job analysts.

Practical implications

It is believed that these results raise significant questions regarding the O*NET's plan to rely on unverified holistic ratings obtained from relatively small, volunteer samples of job incumbents to maintain its database over time. There is a clear risk of producing a database of uncertain quality and comparability with the existing analyst ratings. It is concluded that the criteria of quality, accuracy and verifiability should be paramount in efforts to develop a national database of occupational information.

Originality/value

This study is the only empirical analysis of the degree of convergence between ratings made using the holistic‐judgment O*NET and a traditional decomposed‐judgment job analysis. Because job analysis forms the foundation for many human resources functions, effectively setting the standards that drive recruiting efforts, establishing the criteria that are used in hiring, promoting, evaluating, and equitably compensating employees, and forming the basis for many employee training programs, it is absolutely essential that any data source utilized for these purposes should be both accurate and verifiable. This study not only furthers efforts to tests the validity of the O*NET, it also provides empirical evidence of its potential shortcomings.

Details

Management Research News, vol. 30 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0140-9174

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Article
Publication date: 30 September 2008

Michael L. Harris and Shanan G. Gibson

This paper aims to examine the entrepreneurial attitudes of undergraduate students enrolled in the Small Business Institute® (SBI) program at multiple universities in the USA…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the entrepreneurial attitudes of undergraduate students enrolled in the Small Business Institute® (SBI) program at multiple universities in the USA. Research has encouraged a continuous study and refinement of the entrepreneurial profile, particularly for young adults. Past studies have linked certain personality constructs and entrepreneurship, and shown a connection between entrepreneurial intentions and past business experience.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 216 students completed the entrepreneurial attitudes orientation (EAO) survey. The EAO provides a composite score based on four attitude subscales: achievement in business; innovation in business; perceived personal control of business outcomes; and perceived self‐esteem in business. In addition, participants were asked to provide demographic information and past entrepreneurial experience.

Findings

Results indicated that the majority of students possessed entrepreneurial attitudes. Furthermore, both student characteristics and entrepreneurial experience were found to be associated with certain entrepreneurial attitudes. Specifically, male students scored higher on both personal control and innovation, and students with family business experience had more developed entrepreneurial attitudes.

Practical implications

The SBI and other similar training/education programs provide the opportunity for direct entrepreneurial exposure. Their ability to impact attitudes toward entrepreneurship provides a venue for career opportunities. Further discussion centers on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitudes and degree of past experience.

Originality/value

The paper provides an examination of entrepreneurial attitudes that focuses on both demographics and past experiences for a unique educational program that helps promote entrepreneurship as a viable career option.

Details

Education + Training, vol. 50 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

Keywords

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 March 2014

Shanan Gwaltney Gibson, William C. McDowell and Michael L. Harris

This exploratory study examines the financial performance satisfaction of small business owners at two time periods: (1) nearing the end of the Great Recession and (2) three years…

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Abstract

This exploratory study examines the financial performance satisfaction of small business owners at two time periods: (1) nearing the end of the Great Recession and (2) three years into economic recovery. In addition to considering small business owners in general, special attention has been paid to women and minority owners. Using independent samples t-tests, results indicate that business owners are more satisfied with their financial performance in 2012 than they were in 2009. However, results were not consistent for all subgroups of the population; differences exist between men and women owners and between Caucasian and minority owners. Whereas men mirrored the results for all business owners, women did not report increased satisfaction in any of the five areas of financial performance examined. Caucasian owners reported increases in four of the five areas of financial health and minority owners saw an increase in only three. The study also provides practical implications and areas for future research.

Details

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, vol. 17 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1550-333X

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