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In this paper we deal with fuzzy numbers that modelize uncertain quantities present in many fields of applications, such as man‐machine systems. Main attention is paid to inverse operations for fuzzy numbers which allow one to solve equations or systems of equations with fuzzy numbers. The relevance of the method proposed for the determination of parameters of fuzzy models is also stressed.

A problem of handling fuzzy quantities in a process of knowledge acquisition and deriving an inference mechanism by means of fuzzy relation equations is studied in extensive way. It is clearly pointed out that both of them are closely related and correspond to various types of fuzzy relation equations that are considered. Their relevance to the form of knowledge collected is also indicated. A problem of dimension reduction of a knowledge base is considered as well. Two modes of the use of the knowledge base (goal‐, and data‐driven) are also studied.

Develops a general framework for processes of matching fuzzy quantities. Indicates how different hierarchy levels of matching indices are constructed from a relational way of description of the matching process. Making use of max‐min and min‐max fuzzy relation equations, respectively, clarifies how the entire matching proceeds. Moreover formulates an inverse problem. The method provided here enables us to distinguish regions of the universe of discourse in which the quantities are specified, which are considered as fully supporting the given concept (completely matching observed); completely excluded with respect to this concept; and being of a borderline character. As a consequence the results of matching can have a thorough interpretation.

Being territoriality a distinctive feature of mafia groups, the purpose of this paper is to study how the production of space contributes to the reproduction of such organisations by reinforcing their norms and values.

The paper provides an ethnographic account of the regeneration of space for the establishment of legal worker cooperatives in previous mafia territories. It aims to illuminate, by contrast, how space reflects the social construction of the mafia governance.

The account of non-compliant spatial practices of legal worker cooperatives in the area of Caserta (aka Gomorrah) elucidates how mafia groups set great value on space, making sense of the societal dimension of territoriality for Italian organised crime.

Compared to the current literature, this paper explores the link between space and organised crime not only in ecological terms but also in cultural ones. Furthermore, it suggests an alternative methodology for accessing the unspoken of the mafia phenomenon.

The account of the reterritorialisation process provided in this paper raises several policy implications for the fight against the mafia.

The paper focuses on territoriality for a more comprehensive understanding of the mafia phenomenon, attempting to conciliate the idiosyncratic aspects of Italian criminal networks with a more general framework of analysis for the study of organised crime. It also bridges between the organised crime topic and the sociology of space.

This study aims to discuss the contribution of street art projects to the place-making of villages and the effects it generates for local stakeholders.

A conceptual framework is developed based on the main characteristics of the place-making process, street art, creative place-making, as well as place identity, revitalisation and regeneration. This framework defines a set of thematic categories for the qualitative content analysis of online information, e.g. websites, media and blog posts, as well as in-depth interviews with local stakeholders.

This research presents the contribution of street art in place-making involving citizens, local businesses and international artists in a collective act to preserve local identity and revitalise and regenerate villages.

The research is focused only on villages. Cities are not considered in the research.

Street art projects provide villages with several opportunities, such as stimulating place regeneration and revitalisation, giving new shape and decoration to neighbourhoods and streets and attracting visitors and business. Moreover, street art is commonly used to communicate local history, culture, traditions and social and political facts, helping places to vehiculate their identity and their messages to the next generations. Street art is also used as a part of a place branding strategy.

The village gets the opportunity to exploit the street art value proposition to stimulate the restocking of the place, if the primary stakeholders of the place are ready to invest in the new place identity giving trust to the street art project.

Street art projects contribute to the place-making of villages. They are used to communicate place identity, fostering cooperation between local stakeholders and economic and social development.