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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1987

A. Calahorra, S. Sali, L. Drori and S. Kenig

The insulation resistance of polyurethane and poly (para dichloroxylelene) conformal coating was characterised following exposure to hygrothermal environment. Three types of test…

55

Abstract

The insulation resistance of polyurethane and poly (para dichloroxylelene) conformal coating was characterised following exposure to hygrothermal environment. Three types of test specimens were used—the standard Y type pattern, the ‘comb’ pattern and the ‘twin’ conductor type. The PCB with the comb pattern has been found to be the best testing specimen for the evaluation and comparison of conformal coating materials and processes. Using this type of PCB, the effects of predrying and thickness in polyurethane coated PCBs have been studied. While predrying has proved to be beneficial for preventing degradation of insulation resistance upon exposure to hygrothermal conditions, only marginal improvement of resistance is obtained when the polyurethane coating thickness has been doubled from 50 to 100 µm. Tin‐plated copper exhibited enhanced insulation resistance compared with bare copper for both polyurethane and polyxylelene coatings. Finally, a thin polyxylelene coating has demonstrated improved moisture barrier properties compared with a thicker polyurethane coating as determined from the resistance degradation with exposure duration to heat and humidity.

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Circuit World, vol. 13 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

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Article
Publication date: 19 August 2009

David Coote

One of the aims of this review will be to draw upon Wright and colleagues' (2000) claim that the ‘labelling’ field needs theoretical development. By comparing and contrasting the…

149

Abstract

One of the aims of this review will be to draw upon Wright and colleagues' (2000) claim that the ‘labelling’ field needs theoretical development. By comparing and contrasting the two main approaches to understanding diagnostic practices, Modified Labelling Theory (MLT; Scheff, 1999; Wright et al, 2000) and the medical model (Wolff, 1991); we can further hypothesise on the social function of diagnostic practices. The three main areas of conceptual overlap between MLT and the medical model are as follows.1) Psychological processes play a key role.2) Diagnosed individuals are interpersonally (or culturally) diverse and tend to challenge implicit (‘unspoken’) social norms.3) This diversity may increasingly result in the labelled being socially excluded, under the guise of being ‘violent’, ‘odd’ or ‘deviant’.Karpman's (1968) drama cycle offers a social cognitive model that explains the co‐dependant social function of the violent persecutor role. When the roles become unjustifiably (ie. Large et al, 2008; Fazel et al, 2009) pervasive and stymied (as in the case of labelled individuals), labelling becomes understood as functioning as analogous to a caste system. This innovative hypothesis could generate both research impetus, as well as implications for clinical practice.

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Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-0980

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Publication date: 26 September 2022

Mauricio Pino-Yancovic, Álvaro González and Romina Madrid Miranda

Evidence suggests that networking can be beneficial to enhance learning in challenging contexts, when there is a shared purpose, trustful relationships, and the development of…

Abstract

Evidence suggests that networking can be beneficial to enhance learning in challenging contexts, when there is a shared purpose, trustful relationships, and the development of meaningful collaborative practices. In Chile, the adoption of collaborative network practices has faced some challenges due to the long history of neoliberal policies characterised by hierarchical and market governance that promotes competition over collaboration among schools. Using Hood’s (1998) cohesion/regulation matrix, the Chilean education system can be characterized as fatalist, where cooperation among peers is mandated solely to meet external requirements to regulate schools’ and practitioners’ practice. However, in recent years, collaborative projects have been implemented that are framed and supported in an egalitarian culture, highlighting the importance and value of collaboration and support among peers to develop effective teaching practice. By analysing three experiences of networking in Chile, we identify two barriers for networking, distrust and isolation, and analyze the ways in which these networks attempted to overcome them to sustain effective collaboration. The first experience describes the implementation of the collaborative inquiry networks (CIN) methodology. This programme was designed to facilitate the development of networked leadership capacities of principals and curriculum coordinators to support teachers’ practices during COVID-19 in one municipality (Pino-Yancovic & Ahumada, 2020). In the second, we report on a group of principals who developed focussed interventions in their network of urban primary public schools to enhance the exchange of knowledge and practices among network participants. The third centres on the development of a model to enhance teacher leadership and professional learning in Initial Teacher Education through collaboration in a university–school partnership. Finally, we present some lessons to be considered in similar social and policy environments to successfully introduce a collaborative networked approach.

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School-to-School Collaboration: Learning Across International Contexts
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80043-669-5

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1989

A. Calahorra, S. Sali, Z. Hamish and H. Dodiuk

Peel adhesion of an epoxy filleting compound and Parylene C conformal coating to plasma treated, solder mask coated substrates and the apparent contact angle of water on the…

116

Abstract

Peel adhesion of an epoxy filleting compound and Parylene C conformal coating to plasma treated, solder mask coated substrates and the apparent contact angle of water on the treated surfaces were evaluated. No significant improvement was achieved in the case of the epoxy filleting adhesive for most solder mask coatings studied. On the other hand, Parylene C peel adhesion significantly increased after substrates were treated with air plasma and reached the level of Silane coupling agent primed substrates. This was in contrast to the decrease in Parylene adhesion to argon plasma treated substrates in comparison with the non‐treated substrates. This was related to the oxygen functionalities created on the surfaces by the air plasma versus the ablative nature of the argon plasma. No clear correlation was found between peel strength and the water contact angle in the case of the epoxy adhesive, while for the Parylene conformal coating peel strength achieved its maximum value at the middle of the contact angle range which resulted from the pretreatments applied in this study. It is concluded that air plasma is a very efficient solder mask pretreatment for Parylene conformal coating that can replace Silane primer. Also, if a calibration curve is established for each solder mask‐adhesive and solder mask‐coating system, the apparent water contact angle can serve as a convenient quality control tool for printed circuit finishing processes.

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Circuit World, vol. 15 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 1995

Stephen M. Crow, Sandra J. Hartman, Donald Hammond and Lillian Y. Fok

Describes a study which represents an initial examination of therelationship between personality factors and sexual and non‐sexualharassment. The traditional approach in the…

2596

Abstract

Describes a study which represents an initial examination of the relationship between personality factors and sexual and non‐sexual harassment. The traditional approach in the United States to sexual harassment sensitivity has been in terms of social‐sexual behaviours based on gender. Moreover, a review of previous research indicates that the examination of personality factors as imperatives for sexual harassment sensitivity has received little attention. The findings of this research, however, suggest that there are relationships between sexual harassment sensitivity and several personality factors. The findings imply that personality factors may potentially play a significant role in the counselling of sexual harassment aggressors and victims and in the development of programmes to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace.

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Women in Management Review, vol. 10 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0964-9425

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Article
Publication date: 17 May 2013

Mazeyar Parvinzadeh Gashti, Rambod Rashidian, Arash Almasian and Ali Badakhshan Zohouri

In recent years, the textile industry has been required to develop new methods and technologies through introduction of some new materials in various processes rather than…

380

Abstract

Purpose

In recent years, the textile industry has been required to develop new methods and technologies through introduction of some new materials in various processes rather than employing the same conventional chemicals. The aim of this research was to investigate the changes induced on the cotton fibre by the nanoclay treatment using a pre‐treatment method.

Design/methodology/approach

The fibres were dyed with basic and direct dyes after the nanoclay pre‐treatment. Technical measurements were studied including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV‐visible spectrophotometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal degradation analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), moisture regain measurement (MRM), tensile strength test (TST), reflectance spectroscopy (RS) and fastnesses evaluation.

Findings

The intensity of the major peaks in FTIR spectra of the nanoclay treated sample is in favour of the chemical changes of the cellulose functional groups. Basic dyes showed a higher dyeability on the clay pre‐treated samples compared to raw materials. The results of the colour measurements showed that the more concentration of the clay mineral was used, the darker the colour of the dyed sample was. Some interesting results were obtained in the research.

Research limitations/implications

The nanoclay and a dispersing agent used in the present context were used as received. Besides, the type of the dispersing agent is important for preparation of a colloidal dispersion of nanoclay.

Practical implications

The method developed in this research provides a simple and practical solution for improving the dyeability of cotton with direct and basic dyes.

Originality/value

The method for enhancing the dyeability of cotton is novel and can be used in cotton processing with new properties.

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Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 42 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2016

Arosha S. Adikaram

As prior research has indicated, women who experience behaviors that fall under the accepted definitions of sexual harassment, do not label, acknowledge, or claim these behaviors…

1658

Abstract

Purpose

As prior research has indicated, women who experience behaviors that fall under the accepted definitions of sexual harassment, do not label, acknowledge, or claim these behaviors as such. The purpose of this paper is to explore an alternative explanation for this non-labeling by arguing that apprehension in expressing sexuality, stemming from apparent subjugation of sex and sexuality by society, posited in a culturally value laden backdrop, leads to Sri Lankan women not labeling or acknowledging sexual harassment.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing grounded theory, in-depth, one-on-one interviews were conducted with 40 working women.

Findings

It was revealed that social construction of gender and sexuality in Sri Lankan society, with its instilled moralistic beliefs and norms such as respectability, sexual innocence, chastity, and purity among women, suppress and govern their sexuality in the workplace. The resultant self-surveillance and self-discipline lead to women evading expressing and using vocabulary denoting sexuality – including the term “sexual harassment” – mainly for fear of social censorship, self-blame, and victim blame.

Practical implications

The study shows how policies and procedures of sexual harassment must heed the gendered everyday realities of women in workplaces and questions the capacity and utilization of these laws and policies that employ the label “sexual” in addressing the issue.

Originality/value

This paper advances knowledge on sexual harassment by providing new insights on how cultural values and norms leading to social construction of gender and sexuality play an important role in non-labeling of sexual harassment. Moving further, this paper illustrates how Foucault’s treatise of “sexuality and power,” and “social construction of reality” can be employed to theorize non-labeling.

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Personnel Review, vol. 45 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0048-3486

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Article
Publication date: 9 October 2023

Yuchen Xi, Qinying Wang, Xinyu Tan, Xingshou Zhang, Lijin Dong, Yuhui Song, Liyang Liu and Dezhi Zeng

The purpose of this work is to design the wire beam electrode (WBE) of P110 steel and study its corrosion behavior and mechanism under high temperature and pressure.

101

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to design the wire beam electrode (WBE) of P110 steel and study its corrosion behavior and mechanism under high temperature and pressure.

Design/methodology/approach

Packaging materials of the new type P110 steel WBE and high pressure stable WBE structure were designed. A metallurgical microscope (XJP-3C) and scanning electron microscopy (EV0 MA15 Zeiss) with an energy dispersive spectrometer were used to analyze the microstructure and composition of the P110 steel. The electrochemical workstation (CS310, CorrTest Instrument Co., Ltd) with a WBE potential and current scanner was used to analyze the corrosion mechanism of P110 steel.

Findings

According to the analysis of Nyquist plots at different temperatures, the corrosion resistance of P110 steel decreases with the increase of temperature under atmospheric pressure. In addition, Rp of P110 steel under high pressure is maintained in the range of 200 ∼ 375 Ωcm2, while that under atmospheric pressure is maintained in the range of 20 ∼ 160 Ωcm2, indicating that the corrosion products on P110 steel under high pressure is denser, which improves the corrosion resistance of P110 steel to a certain extent.

Originality/value

The WBE applied in high temperature and pressure environment is in blank. This work designed and prepared a WBE of P110 steel for high temperature and pressure environment, and the corrosion mechanism of P110 steel was revealed by using the designed WBE.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 70 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 17 October 2024

İndrani Kalkan and Nesli Ersoy

The purpose of this study was to assess individuals’ satisfaction with their diet programs and evaluate the impact of their diet on their quality of life (QOL).

37

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess individuals’ satisfaction with their diet programs and evaluate the impact of their diet on their quality of life (QOL).

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 812 females and 334 males (n = 1,046) aged 18–65 years, all of whom were following a diet program under the guidance of a dietitian. The questionnaire included personal information as well as items related to dietary satisfaction and QOL, measured using the SF-36 scale.

Findings

Of the participants, 38.4% were aged 18–24, and 32.6% were aged 25–40. The mean score for dietary satisfaction was 3.0 ± 0.9 (out of 5), while the mean scores for the mental and physical components of the QOL scale were 62.0 ± 17.8 and 74.3 ± 19.2, respectively. Factors such as age, BMI and duration of the diet were associated with dietary satisfaction, whereas age, gender, health status, diet type and BMI impacted QOL (p < 0.05). Dietary satisfaction scores showed a weak positive correlation with QOL scores (r = 0.125; p < 0.01).

Originality/value

Dietary satisfaction and QOL are influenced by demographic characteristics, health status, diet type and the duration of the diet program. Additionally, there is a correlation between dietary satisfaction and QOL. To ensure the sustainability and suitability of long-term dietary plans, it is crucial to monitor patients’ dietary satisfaction. In this context, assessing the QOL in individuals on diet programs, using a newly validated diet satisfaction scale, adds originality and value to the study.

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Nutrition & Food Science, vol. 55 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

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Article
Publication date: 2 February 2024

Reasmy Raj, Amirul Syafiq, Vengadaesvaran Balakrishnan, Shakeel Ahmad, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Pouya Hassandarvish, Sazaly Abu Bakar and A.K. Pandey

This paper aims to fabricate a polymer-based polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating with acrylic resin as a binder that can show antiviral activity against the feline coronavirus…

89

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to fabricate a polymer-based polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating with acrylic resin as a binder that can show antiviral activity against the feline coronavirus (FCov) on the glass substrate.

Design/methodology/approach

The PEG/acrylic coating systems of different weight percentages were coated on the glass substrates using the spray-coating method and cured at room temperature for 24 h.

Findings

The coating system containing 20 Wt.% of PEG exhibits the highest antiviral activities as high as 99.9% against FCov compared with other samples.

Research limitations/implications

Findings will be useful in the development of antiviral coating for PPE fabrics by using the simple synthesis method.

Originality/value

Application of PEG as an antiviral agent in the antiviral coating system with high antiviral activities about 99.9%.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 54 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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