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The purpose of this paper is to describe and compare seven case studies of strategic innovation projects of the Brazilian army; these projects present high transformational potential and high investments and are supported by technology and science policies.

The authors present herein multiple case studies in which the authors conduct a documentary analysis of the innovation processes in the Brazilian army, as well as semi-structured interviews conducted with eight servicemen with more than 15 years of working experience.

The results obtained suggest that the innovation process occurs in four stages: creation, selection, development and diffusion of ideas.

The research is relevant because it presents how the interaction between the Brazilian army, companies and academia strengthens the innovation ecosystem, stimulating the development of best practices for the management of strategic projects.

The main contribution of this study is to present the strategic project management of innovation based on public policies and investment in projects of the Brazilian army, which are drivers for the development of ecosystems that promote the creation and expansion of companies, the diffusion of technological knowledge in universities, and suitable solutions for the military sector.

This study aims to look at the relationship of external embeddedness and institutional distance (governance aspects) with the foreign subsidiary research and development (R&D) capacity. Furthermore, it examines whether these relationships are mediated by subsidiary product and process innovation, and whether institutional distance plays a moderating role in the relationship between subsidiary innovation and R&D capacity.

The authors draw on survey data from 130 foreign subsidiaries operating in Brazil and test their model using variance-based structural equation modeling.

Results suggest that subsidiary (product and process) innovation fully mediates the relationships between: subsidiary external embeddedness and R&D capacity; and institutional distance and subsidiary R&D capacity, such that the relationship is positive in case of the former and negative in case of the latter. The relationship between subsidiary product and process innovation and R&D capacity is positive and stronger at lower levels of institutional distance.

The research ignores the underlying mechanisms of the external embeddedness and institutional distance relationship with subsidiary R&D capacity. Furthermore, institutional distance based on formal governance aspects and their impacts on subsidiary innovation and R&D capacity are rarely investigated. This paper contributes with regard to these aspects.

Is the development of local innovation capabilities enough for foreign subsidiaries in emerging markets to be able to integrate into global R&D projects? The authors argue that it is not. The purpose of this paper is to show the central role of R&D capacities when it comes to inserting foreign subsidiaries in emerging markets into global R&D projects.

The study investigated 131 foreign multinational subsidiaries operating in Brazil. For each subsidiary, the authors surveyed two to five directors or C-level executives from innovation, R&D, engineering, product development and projects. the authors used structural equation modeling for analysis.

The results indicate that product and process innovations alone do not guarantee the insertion of the emerging market subsidiaries into global innovation projects. Such insertion depends on the subsidiary’s accumulation of R&D capacities.

The results reinforce the central issue of building product and process innovation capabilities as the first step toward a blueprint for global projects. However, the effort is not limited to these initiatives. Product and process innovation efforts need be reverted in headquarters’ eyes in order for subsidiaries to gain R&D center status. To achieve this, subsidiaries must align their technological innovations with multinational corporations’ innovation strategies.

In authors’ view, this study contributes to the literature in three main areas: the evolutionary process of innovation capability in subsidiaries, the reverse innovation debate and the discussion of subsidiaries’ initiatives.

This study aims to analyze the organizational learning capability relationship with operational performance and frugal innovation across Brazilian companies.

Quantitative research was performed using collected data from 154 firms, which were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The results showed that organizational learning capability is an antecedent of frugal innovation. The results also predict a better operational performance for companies that actively innovate cost-effectively. Another result was the positive relationship between the organizational learning capability and the operational performance. The authors found that the indirect and positive relationship between organizational learning capability, frugal innovation and operational performance was confirmed, reinforcing the literature.

A theoretical implication of this study can be seen in the establishment of the relationship between organizational learning capability, frugal innovation and operational performance since no studies linking these variables together were found. Therefore, the organizational learning capability and the frugal innovation can be considered facilitators of the operational performance.

Managers should consider organizational learning and frugal innovation when thinking about firms’ operational performance. In this way, to facilitate and achieve higher performance, it was found that organizational learning capability and frugal innovation have a great deal of impact on operational performance.

At frugal innovation, the needs of citizens are prioritized. It is a great instrument to face crises since it consists of developing simpler and cheaper products and services quickly, making them accessible to a larger group of consumers.

This study seeks to understand whether Brazilian companies are moving toward a more frugal innovation strategy. The study opens the possibility of showing whether the organizational learning capability has also impacted this change.

This research aims to answer the following question: Could bricolage become a capability for companies in emerging markets to develop frugal innovations in times of crisis? Therefore, in this paper the main aim is to identify whether in times of crisis the development of frugal innovation in emerging markets depends on the bricolage capability.

The hypotheses were statistically tested using the structural equation modeling technique, with data collected through the survey method applied to 215 companies in Brazil.

The results allowed support for the hypothesis that bricolage capability has a positive impact on the development of frugal innovation. Therefore, a mediating test was verified, allowing confirmation that to develop frugal innovation in emerging markets, bricolage becomes a required capability for companies in times of crisis.

The limitation of this study lies in considering the effect of bricolage on frugal innovation only in the context of Brazil, while in developed countries this effect may be similar, as they also suffer from resource constraints caused by crises.

This research provides insights to guide managers by highlighting bricolage as a key managerial capability for the development of frugal innovation. A set of managerial recommendations are provided based on bricolage skills.

The study has contributed to the literature on bricolage and frugal innovation by addressing bricolage as an antecedent of frugal innovation in emerging markets, especially when those markets are affected by resource scarcity.

Scholars increasingly focus on digital transformation as a key strategy for incumbent firms to gain competitive advantages. Meeting digital transformation commitments presents challenges, requiring the application and the reconfiguration of dynamic capabilities. To address this need, this research proposes a framework of dynamic capabilities and its microfoundations to assess the opportunities and challenges regarding digital transformation, involving three dimensions: Digital sensing, digital seizing, and digital reconfiguring.

This study employed a descriptive qualitative empirical approach, encompassing a sample of eight companies. Data triangulation was achieved through a combination of in-depth semi-structured interviews and secondary data.

The research provides evidence that data-driven culture fosters digital transformation and proposes the following new microfoundations: “Analytics for the customer experience journey” and “Digital analytics innovation management”, the internal barriers “Leadership without digital skills” and “Lack of strategic human resources management for digital transformation”, and the internal enablers “Defined strategy for digital transformation” and “Data-driven culture”. Finally, based on empirical results, it was possible to gather clues that link dynamic capabilities with digital maturity.

The application of the proposed framework in companies enables them to develop a roadmap for the digital transition oriented towards their business and management strategies.

This paper contributes to the literature on dynamic capabilities for digital transformation by proposing new theoretical constructs that unearth their microfoundations, barriers, and enablers.

The formation of an aerospace complex in São José dos Campos (SP-Brazil) reflects a process of path dependence, which has favored sectorial technological development and innovation. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the pattern of relationships established between Embraer, the Technological Institute of Aeronautics, the National Institute of Space Research (INPE) and the institutes linked to the Aerospace Technical Center (CTA).

Using patents as a proxy for inventive activity, the authors carried out social networks analysis based on collaboration maps elaborated considering co-assignees in institutional patents.

Over time, Embraer became the main inventor of patentable technologies and a central player in the network of the aerospace complex at São José dos Campos.

Several public institutions analyzed pertain to the Brazilian Ministry of Defence. Therefore, inventive activity may be confidential, which implies a limitation in the analysis.

With acquisition of Embraer by the US company Boeing, there could be a loss of the company's technical capacity in product development. The paper argues that the aerospace complex itself might also be impacted, considering that Embraer is the most relevant inventor of patentable knowledge locally in recent decades.

La formación de un complejo aeroespacial en São José dos Campos (SP-Brasil) refleja un proceso de path dependence de la ciudad en pro del desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en el sector aeroespacial. En este sentido, el objetivo de este artículo fue investigar las relaciones establecidas entre la Embraer, el Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales (INPE) y los institutos vinculados al Centro Técnico Aeroespacial (CTA).

Utilizando las patentes como proxy para atividade inovativa, se realizaron análisis de redes sociales a partir de mapas de colaboración elaborados considerando la copropiedad de patentes pertenecientes a las instituciones analizadas.

A través del tiempo, Embraer se convirtió en la principal inventora de tecnologías patentables y actor central en la red del complejo tecnológico de São José dos Campos.

La mayoría de las instituciones seleccionadas para la realización del artículo pertenecen al organigrama del Ministerio de Defensa. Por lo tanto, pueden existir proyectos que son sigilosos, no siendo expuestos al conocimiento público, lo que implica una limitación de los análisis a las patentes encontradas.

Con la adquisición de Embraer por Boeing, es posible la pérdida de la capacidad técnica de la empresa para el desarrollo de nuevas productos, el artículo discute que el propio complejo tecnológico aeronáutico también pondrá ser impactado, que Embraer es la mayor productora de conocimiento patentable en el sector en el período reciente.

A formação de um complexo aeroespacial em São José dos Campos (SP-Brasil) reflete um processo de path dependence da cidade em prol do desenvolvimento e da inovação tecnológica no setor aeroespacial. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo foi investigar os padrões de relacionamento entre a Embraer, o Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), o Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) e os institutos vinculados ao Centro Técnico Aeroespacial (CTA).

Utilizando as patentes como proxy para atividades inovativas, foram realizadas análises de redes sociais a partir de mapas de colaboração elaborados considerando a co-titularidade de patentes pertencentes às instituições analisadas.

Ao longo do tempo, a Embraer tornou-se a principal inventora de tecnologias patenteáveis e ator central na rede do complexo tecnológico de São José dos Campos.

Diversas instituições analisadas pertencem ao Ministério da Defesa brasileiro. Logo, a atividade inovativa pode ser sigilosa, não sendo exposta ao conhecimento público, o que implica em uma limitação das análises às patentes encontradas.

A conclusão da compra da Embraer pela Boeing pode implicar na perda da capacidade técnica da empresa para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, o artigo discute que o próprio complexo aeroespacial também seria impactado, considerando que Embraer é a maior inventora de conhecimento patenteável no setor em período recente.

The purpose of this paper is to look at the origins and development of organized crime in Brazil.

The authors draw on their experience working in law enforcement for many years in Brazil.

The paper outlines the major crimes committed by organized crime in Brazil and the structure of the main organization carrying them out.

The research concentrates on São Paolo and further research needs to be done.

This is the first attempt to put the development of organized crime in Brazil into a historical and developmental context.