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Although fashion products feature a short lifespan owing to rapid changes in trends, fashion is one of the most active sectors in reward-based crowdfunding. This study aims to explore what drives backers to be involved in fashion projects despite the delay in obtaining rewards.

This study used the mixed method approach by conducting a critical incident technique and two online surveys with 801 crowdfunding backers.

Eight dimensions of backers' motivations were identified: altruism, enjoyment, novelty, information, economic incentive, reward, recognition, and social relationship. The finding was validated by testing the relationship with external variables.

The findings provide the empirical foundation for studies on reward-based crowdfunding motivation and marketing strategy development appealing to backers' specific motivations. They highlight the importance of motivations in funding fashion projects and sharing information.

This study applies three motivational orientations and reflects the characteristics of product categories of rewards.

Not‐for‐profit organisations often have accounting problems in the recognition of donations where donors impose restrictions on how funds are spent. The specific receipts which cause most problems relate to grants made ‘in advance’, grants received for a specific purpose, and capital grants. This article investigates whether some of these restricted receipts must be recorded as income in the income statement; whether others must be recorded directly against a fund, or whether unused funds must be recorded as a liability. This article discusses these problems and the principles of accounting standards already issued specifically for not‐for‐profit organisations in some countries. This article also presents the results of an empirical study done in South Africa which has a bearing on the recognition of certain restricted receipts. Recommendations are made on the most appropriate way for not‐for‐profit organisations to record receipts in advance, receipts for specific purposes and capital grants in their accounting systems.

The purpose of this paper is to identify criteria for and definitions of disciplinarity, and how they differ between different types of literature.

This synthesis is achieved through a purposive review of three types of literature: explicit conceptualizations of disciplinarity; narrative histories of disciplines; and operationalizations of disciplinarity.

Each angle of discussing disciplinarity presents distinct criteria. However, there are a few common axes upon which conceptualizations, disciplinary narratives, and measurements revolve: communication, social features, topical coherence, and institutions.

There is considerable ambiguity in the concept of a discipline. This is of particular concern in a heightened assessment culture, where decisions about funding and resource allocation are often discipline-dependent (or focussed exclusively on interdisciplinary endeavors). This work explores the varied nature of disciplinarity and, through synthesis of the literature, presents a framework of criteria that can be used to guide science policy makers, scientometricians, administrators, and others interested in defining, constructing, and evaluating disciplines.

This book is a policy proposal aimed at the democratic left. It is concerned with gradual but radical reform of the socio‐economic system. An integrated policy of industrial and economic democracy, which centres around the establishment of a new sector of employee‐controlled enterprises, is presented. The proposal would retain the mix‐ed economy, but transform it into a much better “mixture”, with increased employee‐power in all sectors. While there is much of enduring value in our liberal western way of life, gross inequalities of wealth and power persist in our society.

To introduce, compare and contrast the new regulatory regimes for closed-ended funds recently enacted in the Cayman Islands and the British Virgin Islands (BVI).

Explores similarities and differences between the two regimes, as well as practical implications for fund managers, with respect to (1) the regulatory frameworks governing the funds; (2) the definitions of the types of funds covered by the regulations; (3) registration requirements and associated timing; (4) operating requirements, including responsibilities for portfolio management, valuation and safekeeping of fund property; the number of directors; audits; valuation procedures; safekeeping of fund assets; cash monitoring; identification of securities; offering documents, term sheets and marketing materials; and representation in the respective jurisdictions; and (5) additional requirements, including numbers and qualifications of investors.

The new legislation has been enacted in order to respond to certain European Union and other international recommendations and has the effect of aligning the regulatory regimes applicable to such funds structured in Cayman and BVI to the regulatory regimes applicable to such funds in other jurisdictions.

Expert guidance from lawyers with extensive experience in fund management, fund structuring and Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands laws and regulations.

An issue which has received recent attention internationally is that of cash flow statements. In Malaysia members of the accounting bodies have been invited to present their comments and views on the possibility of adopting cash flow statements in Malaysia. Historical links with the United Kingdom mean that extant UK accounting standards usually find their equivalents in Malaysia sooner rather than later. The UK standard on cash flows requires a categorisation of cash flows which is different to the IASC and every other regulatory body except that in Hong Kong. On the other hand, Singapore, which has historically mirrored extant UK regulations quite closely, has decided to adopt the IASC model for cash flows. Thus the debate about whether, and how, to move from funds flow to cash flow reporting in Malaysia is tinged with an additional degree of complexity. By setting out a brief history of the transition from funds flow to cash flow reporting in the rest of the world and providing evidence from observations on the UK standard by preparers of accounts, it is hoped to contribute to the current debate in Malaysia.

In this book chapter, we analyse social entrepreneurship (SE) development in the Western Balkans and present a regional overview. SE has become a globally known contributor to alleviating societal, economic, social, and environmental concerns. Its influence on increasing people’s quality of life has put the concept on a pedestal, and the Balkans are no different. The new advances have increased the efforts from the third sector in advocating for increased visibility, recognition, and support for social enterprises (SEs) as contributors to the development of resilient communities and facilitating the countries’ recovery from economic, social, and environmental crises. To provide a regional development overview, we use the institutional perspective. We base the analysis on data by applying qualitative methods, including document analysis, conference speeches, round tables, consultations, and other impactful events conducted over the last decade. The evidence suggests that the Western Balkan countries are similar in their development and lack a clear vision, a strategic pathway, and sustainable solutions to accelerate the sector’s growth. The awareness of the SEs’ contributions is still low, hindering their impact and potential scalability. Raising awareness campaigns is much needed to increase SEs’ visibility, recognition, revenues, and financial sustainability. Intersectoral collaboration is not at a suitable level, and the coordination and partnerships between the SE actors are lacking. The region needs to make a significant and consistent effort to facilitate the sector’s development and support SEs to provide the expected societal impact.

The purpose of this paper is to test two hypotheses: first, that the regulatory framework applicable to funds in Malta and the Malta Financial Services Authority's (MFSA's) approach to financial supervision, have been instrumental to the process which made Malta an attractive jurisdiction for the registration of funds; and second, that the proper implementation of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) and the sustained commitment of the MFSA to engage qualified resources for proper supervision of the financial sector are fundamental, if Malta is to remain an attractive funds jurisdiction.

The research was carried out through a literature review of available documentation and empirical research via a survey carried out by way of a questionnaire that was sent to a selected sample of fund professionals operating in Malta.

The findings of the empirical research suggest that the regulatory and supervisory regime in Malta has indeed played a pivotal role in establishing Malta as a funds jurisdiction. The research has also confirmed the challenges which Malta is facing in this field.

The paper examines the regulation and the supervision of funds in Malta and sheds light on the challenges that need to be overcome if Malta is to retain its position as a jurisdiction for the registration of funds. The authors also make recommendations on how the challenges may be addressed.