Among the routine tasks carried out in a special library such as the one at Building Research Station (BRS), there are a number which depend on the application of special or…
Abstract
Among the routine tasks carried out in a special library such as the one at Building Research Station (BRS), there are a number which depend on the application of special or expert knowledge by the professional staff, using heuristic judgements which, at first sight, appear difficult to codify as precise rules. An attempt has been made to incorporate the expertise required for one of these tasks into a program functioning as a simple type of ‘expert assistant’ which might be the basis of an expert system.
On‐line update combines a bibliography of recent on‐line articles with a search example from a data base producer showing techniques especially useful in searching its data base…
Abstract
On‐line update combines a bibliography of recent on‐line articles with a search example from a data base producer showing techniques especially useful in searching its data base. In this issue, we have asked INSPEC to provide a bibliography of literature concerning on‐line retrieval. Only articles which have been added to their file since June 1976 are included. Here is their report.
Proposals are presented for specifying a computer system for storing and searching library records in a single library or a group of associated libraries. The system provides for…
Abstract
Proposals are presented for specifying a computer system for storing and searching library records in a single library or a group of associated libraries. The system provides for on‐line searching at each library and off‐line production of accessions lists, abstracts bulletins and bibliographies, as well as SDI service. The use of skilled effort is shifted from the in‐put operation to the searching stage by the use of selected natural language keys, but searching for known items is made easier than in more traditional methods by extending the use of post‐coordination to catalogue data.
The possibility of using the BOSS system with a controlled language thesaurus is discussed and the ways in which the system could be used for producing journal listings and for…
Abstract
The possibility of using the BOSS system with a controlled language thesaurus is discussed and the ways in which the system could be used for producing journal listings and for storing, indexing and retrieving diagrams and configurations are described.
Jun Zhu, Wei Luo, Wentao Xv, Shuigen Xv, XinYang Zhang and Jiefang Zhao
This paper aims to study the electrochemical corrosion performance of ultrafine-grained (UFG) Cu bulk in 0.5 M NaCl solution.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the electrochemical corrosion performance of ultrafine-grained (UFG) Cu bulk in 0.5 M NaCl solution.
Design/methodology/approach
UFG Cu bulk were prepared by impacting at −196°C and following heat treatment. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of coarse-grained (CG), impacted and subsequently annealed at 190°C Cu bulks were studied.
Findings
All the bulks displayed typical active-passive-transpassive behaviors (dual passive films without stable passive regions). The resistance to corrosion of impacted Cu bulk was notably superior to that of CG Cu bulk, and subsequently annealing further improved its corrosion resistance.
Social implications
Except for mechanical properties, corrosion performance has been considered to be one of the most important aspects in bulk UFG metallic materials research for the prospective engineering applications.
Originality/value
Cryogenic impacting could effectively reduce grain size of CG Cu bulk to UFG scale and induce high density dislocation. Subsequent annealing resulted in a further decrease of grain size even to nanoscale, as well as nanometer twins. The grain refinement, high density dislocation and annealing twins effectively enhance the passivation capability, resulting in an increase in the corrosion resistance.
Details
Keywords
Linwei Dang, Xiaofan He, Dingcheng Tang, Hao Xin and Bin Wu
Pores are the primary cause of fatigue failure in laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) titanium alloys, which are largely determined by their location, size and shape. It is…
Abstract
Purpose
Pores are the primary cause of fatigue failure in laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) titanium alloys, which are largely determined by their location, size and shape. It is crucial for promoting the application of L-DED titanium alloys and ensuring their safety that establishing a fatigue life prediction method induced by pores, resulting in a proposed fatigue life prediction framework for L-DED Ti-6Al-4V based on a physics-informed neural network (PINN) algorithm.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a novel fatigue life prediction framework for L-DED Ti-6Al-4V based on a PINN algorithm was proposed. The influence patterns of various fatigue-sensitive parameters were revealed. The paper also included validation and analysis of the method, such as hyperparameter analysis of the PINN, efficacy analysis driven by physical information and comparative analysis of different methods.
Findings
The proposed method demonstrated high accuracy, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 with experimental life. The coefficient of determination was 0.95 and the mean squared error was 0.06.
Originality/value
The results indicate that the proposed fatigue life prediction framework was of strong generalization capability and robustness.
Details
Keywords
Martin T. Stuebs and C. William Thomas
According to the SEC, the proposed roadmap for adopting principles-based International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is still a priority. The adoption of IFRS will…
Abstract
According to the SEC, the proposed roadmap for adopting principles-based International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is still a priority. The adoption of IFRS will ultimately demand greater emphasis on practitioner judgment (Mintz, 2010). This chapter focuses on the need for building the judgment skills of the practitioner. Our methodology follows a three-step process. We start with accounting standards, reviewing similarities and differences between “rules-based” and “principles-based” standards and conclude that, while applying any standard requires judgment, applying principles-based standards requires more judgment. We then focus on preparer incentives that can influence this requisite judgment. We use the “fraud triangle” to analyze the influence of incentives on judgment under each standards setting approach. Our third and most important step involves equipping practitioners to make judgments in the presence of incentives. We present and discuss a model that considers economic, social (legal), and ethical dimensions for making principled judgments in the presence of incentives and advocate-improved education for accountants in implementing that model.
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Keywords
New Zealand continues to struggle with interpreting and implementing its current policy of inclusion, especially as it relates to children traditionally known as having “special…
Abstract
Purpose
New Zealand continues to struggle with interpreting and implementing its current policy of inclusion, especially as it relates to children traditionally known as having “special educational needs”. The purpose of this paper is to trace the discursive development of institutionalised Special Education in New Zealand and examines how the funding and policy mechanisms of neoliberalism within which rights-based inclusion was introduced have complicated the planning and delivery of services in schools.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on Gillian Fulcher’s (1989) discourses of disability as they are expressed through policy documents and educational reports to examine the language and values that have underpinned the development of Special Education policy and provision in New Zealand.
Findings
The paper has identified and attempted to explain the extent to which traditional forms of exclusion have continued to structure current policy and practice despite a paradigm shift to inclusion. It argues that this has militated against clear understanding, acceptance and success of this major paradigm shift.
Research limitations/implications
In examining the social nature of disability, and its implications in the structures of education today, it is possible to consider opportunities for acting to address these.
Originality/value
The value of this work is in taking an historical approach to help understand why there continues be a distance between policy rhetoric and the reality of its implementation in practice.
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Keywords
Xushan Zhao, Yuanxun Wang, Haiou Zhang, Runsheng Li, Xi Chen and Youheng Fu
This paper aims to summarize the influence law of hybrid deposited and micro-rolling (HDMR) technology on the bead morphology and overlapping coefficient. A better bead topology…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to summarize the influence law of hybrid deposited and micro-rolling (HDMR) technology on the bead morphology and overlapping coefficient. A better bead topology positively supports the overlapping deposited in multi-beads between layers while actively assisting the subsequent layer's deposition in the wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Hybrid-deposited and micro-rolling (HDMR) additive manufacturing (AM) technology can smooth the weld bead for improved surface quality. However, the micro-rolling process will change the weld bead profile fitting curve to affect the overlapping coefficient.
Design/methodology/approach
Weld bead contours for WAAM and HDMR were extracted using line lasers. A comparison of bead profile curves was conducted to determine the influence law of micro-zone rolling on the welding bead contour and fitting curve. Aiming at the optimized overlapping coefficient of weld bead in HDMR AM, the optimal HDMR overlapping coefficient curve was proposed which varies with the reduction based on the best surface flatness. The mathematical model for overlapping in HDMR was checked by comparing the HDMR weld bead contours under different rolling reductions.
Findings
A fitting function of the bead forming by HDMR AM was proposed based on the law of conservation of mass. The change rule of the HDMR weld bead overlapping spacing with the degree of weld bead rolling reduction was generated using the flat-top transition calculation for this model. Considering the damming-up impact of the first bead, the overlapping coefficient was examined for its effect on layer surface flatness.
Originality/value
Using the predicted overlapping model, the optimal overlapping coefficients for different rolling reductions can be achieved without experiments. These conclusions can encourage the development of HDMR technology.