Francesco Sillani, Dominik Wagner, Marvin Aaron Spurek, Lukas Haferkamp, Adriaan Bernardus Spierings, Manfred Schmid and Konrad Wegener
Powder bed-based additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising family of technologies for industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to provide a new metrics based on the…
Abstract
Purpose
Powder bed-based additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising family of technologies for industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to provide a new metrics based on the analysis of the compaction behavior for the evaluation of flowability of AM powders.
Design/methodology/approach
In this work, a novel qualification methodology based on a camera mounted onto a commercially available tap density meter allowed to assess the compaction behavior of a selection of AM materials, both polymers and metals. This methodology automatizes the reading of the powder height and obtains more information compared to ASTM B527. A novel property is introduced, the “tapping modulus,” which describes the packing speed of a powdered material and is related to a compression/vibration powder flow.
Findings
The compaction behavior was successfully correlated with the dynamic angle of repose for polymers, but interestingly not for metals, shedding more light to the different flow behavior of these materials.
Research limitations/implications
Because of the chosen materials, the results may lack generalizability. For example, the application of this methodology outside of AM would be interesting.
Originality/value
This paper suggests a new methodology for assessing the flowing behavior of AM materials when subjected to compression. The device is inexpensive and easy to implement in a quality assurance environment, being thus interesting for industrial applications.
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William Riggs and Ruth L. Steiner
This chapter introduces how the built environment and walking are connected. It looks at the interrelationships within the built environment, and how those are changing given…
Abstract
This chapter introduces how the built environment and walking are connected. It looks at the interrelationships within the built environment, and how those are changing given planning and policy efforts to facilitate increased walking for both leisure activity and commuting. Using a broad review and case-based approach, the chapter examines this epistemological development of walking and the built environment over time, reviews the connections, policies and design strategies and emerging issues. The chapter shows many cases of cities which are creating a more walkable environment. It also reveals that emerging issues related to technology and autonomous vehicles, vision zero and car-free cities, and increased regional policy may play a continued role in shaping the built environment for walking. This dialogue provides both a core underpinning and a future vision for how the built environment can continue to influence and respond to pedestrians in shaping a more walkable world.
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H.J. Böhm, F.G. Rammerstorfer, R. Schmid, A. Starlinger and R. Slavicek
The biomechanical problem of investigating the behaviour of a maxillary partial denture is treated by non‐linear finite element analyses. The finite element models developed allow…
Abstract
The biomechanical problem of investigating the behaviour of a maxillary partial denture is treated by non‐linear finite element analyses. The finite element models developed allow the solution of an inverse problem to find material data of the palatal tissue and the computation of pressure distributions between the palatal plate of the denture and the palatal tissue as well as the determination of the forces acting on the anchoring teeth. This information is essential from the physiological point of view in order to avoid configurations causing pain to the patient and to prevent the natural teeth from becoming slack. Such analyses can serve as a basis for the computer aided design of proper palatal dentures.
Mark Robinson and John Roberts
This chapter provides a taxonomy of key rolling stock types and covers the key engineering principles. This chapter concentrates on the aspects of the rolling stock that make it…
Abstract
This chapter provides a taxonomy of key rolling stock types and covers the key engineering principles. This chapter concentrates on the aspects of the rolling stock that make it sustainable in terms of passenger transportation; these aspects are primarily safety and crashworthiness. These are specific items that contribute to make the rolling stock and hence rail system more sustainable; passengers need to be confident that they are travelling in safe rolling stock and the vehicle consist, manufacturing technique or materials used should not compromise the crashworthiness aspects. For this reason, all aspects of this chapter reference vehicle safety and crashworthiness.
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This chapter focuses on how to leverage public transport infrastructure to produce walk-friendly environments, positioning public transport as a walk-enhancing mode. What are the…
Abstract
This chapter focuses on how to leverage public transport infrastructure to produce walk-friendly environments, positioning public transport as a walk-enhancing mode. What are the steps that public transport operators can take to create walk-friendly environments? Do more comfortable waiting conditions result in stronger loyalty from the existing customer base and stronger buyout from new customers? This novel approach stemmed from a partnership with the public transport operator Transdev on a real-life experiment in Grenoble to provide a more comfortable walking and resting experience for public transport users. Named Carrefour de Mobilité (‘the crossroads of mobility’), the experiment prototyped urban design interventions to enhance the access and waiting experience of users engaged in mixed-mode commuting. An ex ante/ex post evaluation was deployed to ascertain whether walk-friendlier environments encourage a more intensive use of public space and easier shifting between public transport modes. The findings show that when users perceive dedicated infrastructure as walk-friendly, they consider it more visible and more attractive, and find it comfortable enough to spend longer waiting times there. The evaluation would have benefited from an extension of the perimeter covered by the sensor technology measuring system which was not feasible because of budget constraints. The experiment reached out beyond the initial target public and captured children and older women as well, providing an amenity which was lacking for these groups and resulting in a livelier and more diverse environment for everyone. This lean and low-cost experiment shows that activating public space near public transport hubs enhances their attractiveness in the eyes of the public transport users.
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Tariqah A. Nuriddin and Carolyn C. Perrucci
This study examines variation in health-related coping strategies among the widowed by variation in bereavement, as modified by self-efficacy, religiosity, social support, and…
Abstract
This study examines variation in health-related coping strategies among the widowed by variation in bereavement, as modified by self-efficacy, religiosity, social support, and self-rated health. Coping strategies are documented by gender, race, age, and income level, and the interaction of gender and race. Data are from the Changing Lives of Older Couples Study (CLOC), a longitudinal dataset from a random sample of older adults from the Detroit Metropolitan area. Bereavement is related to overall negative coping behavior, specifically to daily cigarette consumption and physical inactivity. However, the effect varies based on the gender, race, and age of the widowed, as well as type of moderator.
The entrance of economics into the literature on obesity and diabetes has been instrumental in showing how people respond to incentives when maximizing their health. In this paper…
Abstract
The entrance of economics into the literature on obesity and diabetes has been instrumental in showing how people respond to incentives when maximizing their health. In this paper some of the roles that prices and policies have played in the surging obesity and diabetes rates across the world are addressed. The paper focuses on the possible role that prices of foods with high glycemic indexes play in determining blood sugar levels, and addresses the recent concern with high fructose corn syrup and genetically modified goods across the world. The possible links and implications suggest that future research in the area is urgently needed.
Fuad Ali Mohammed Al-Yarimi, Nabil Mohammed Ali Munassar and Fahd N. Al-Wesabi
Digital computing and machine learning-driven predictive analysis in the diagnosis of non-communicable diseases are gaining significance. Globally many research studies are…
Abstract
Purpose
Digital computing and machine learning-driven predictive analysis in the diagnosis of non-communicable diseases are gaining significance. Globally many research studies are focusing on developing comprehensive models for such detection. Categorically in the proposed diagnosis for arrhythmia, which is a critical diagnosis to prevent cardiac-related deaths, any constructive models can be a value proposition. In this study, the focus is on developing a holistic system that predicts the scope of arrhythmia from the given electrocardiogram report. The proposed method is using the sequential patterns of the electrocardiogram elements as features.
Design/methodology/approach
Considering the decision accuracy of the contemporary classification methods, which is not adequate to use in clinical practices, this manuscript coined a new dimension of features to perform supervised learning and classification using the AdaBoost classifier. The proposed method has titled “Electrocardiogram stream level correlated patterns as features (ESCPFs),” which takes electrocardiograms (ECGs) signal streams as input records to perform supervised learning-based classification to detect the arrhythmia scope in given ECG record.
Findings
From the results and comparative reports generated for the study, it is evident that the model is performing with higher accuracy compared to some of the earlier models. However, focusing on the emerging solutions and technologies, if the accuracy factors for the model can be improved, it can lead to compelling predictions and accurate outcome from the process.
Originality/value
The authors represent complete automatic and rapid arrhythmia as classifier, which could be applied online and examine long ECG records sequence efficiently. By releasing the needs for extraction of features, the authors project an application based on raw signals, one result to heart rates date, whose objective is to lessen computation time when attaining minimum classification error outcomes.