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Gauges the attitudes of Canadian executives towards countertrade with East European trade partners. Discusses the origin, types and scale of countertrade as a portion of world trade, together with a review of the literature. Describes a research study and presents the findings. Offers potential business strategies and responses based on these findings.

This paper concerns a novel process for forming additive copper interconnect on flexible substrates via printing and plating processes. Building on the established conductive lithographic film and CLF plating seeding technologies, the described process enables low‐cost substitutes for existing flexible electronic wiring boards to be manufactured without precious metals.

Provides insight into the credit offerings of manufacturers via an analysis of data which are unique in several ways. Focuses specifically on the dimensions of the credit package supplied to customers for consumer and industrial goods in both domestic and export markets in the USA and the UK. Offers an analytical model for use in improving credit policy. Concludes first that, bi‐nationally, consumer goods firms tend to be more generous than industrial goods sellers, except in the matter of maximum credit duration; and second, that UK firms are more generous than their US counterparts in export markets.

The importance to the personnel profession of the management of working women is discussed with reference to the position of women at work in Britain today, how gender inequalities arose, and how the position needs to change through this decade. The issue of child care is addressed, and women’s stress, coping and health reviewed. Women’s economic value as producers and consumers is cast in a European‐wide framework. An analysis of the effects of their historic position on Britain’s working women today is made with particular reference to the powerful influence of Victorian domestic ideology. A personnel management policy that accommodates women’s needs and capacity for exercising choice is advocated, as a potential mutual benefit to the woman and her employer.

M & T Chemicals have announced the appointment of Mr David Smith as Director of PCB Systems and as a member of the company's Board of Management. Mr Smith, who was formerly Sales and Marketing Director of Lea Ronal (UK) Ltd, has had more than seventeen years experience in the printed circuit industry.

Like the conventional PCB, the Moulded Interconnect Device (MID), be it 2‐ or 3‐dimensional, will have, as its interconnection medium, conductive patterning or structuring upon the surface of the device. This interconnection pattern will, in the majority of MID products, take the form of a metal (usually copper) deposited upon the surface of the plastic. How this metal is deposited and remains attached to the surface is the critical step in the production of a MID. That is the bond, or adhesion, between plastic and the applied metal circuitry. Without a strong and reliable bond between circuitry and plastic it will not be possible to manufacture a MID with the characteristics of a conventional interconnection medium, the PCB, the technology it is probably replacing within the finished product. This paper describes the development of a chemical adhesion process, and how the selection of a suitable resin and its moulding parameters can influence the adhesion performance of the metallisation process.

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether journalism education techniques can be adapted for use in the information literacy classroom as a means of teaching the ethical use of information.

The author uses personal experience as a journalist and graduate of journalism education programs to examine the similarities between journalism pedagogy and information literacy and whether any aspect of journalism pedagogy is transferrable to the information literacy classroom.

Journalism educators deliver a potent anti-plagiarism message using case studies and “war stories” from the newsroom delivered through the pervasive instruction method or stand-alone ethics class. Using case studies from a variety of different disciplines in information literacy classes could help students make a stronger connection between honest writing in all subjects. However, until information literacy is taught more widely in libraries as semester-long classes, it would be difficult to use journalism’s pervasive method of instruction. The same holds true with the stand-alone class, which does not appear to be used as a part of information literacy education.

Given the many commonalities between journalism pedagogy and information literacy, there have been very few attempts to see whether it would be efficacious to adapt journalism education’s methodology to the information literacy classroom.

Fan attention and response to sponsorship is affected by a range of variables, including the duration of sponsorship and fan commitment to the sporting organisation. The results of surveys of the members of six Australian Football League clubs indicated that there is a positive relationship between the satisfaction levels of season-ticket holders and their orientation towards club sponsors' products and brands.

Tucked in the back of Venkataraman’s 1997 work on the distinctive domain of entrepreneurship (DDE) lies a pointer to a question each individual must face when choosing to start a new venture; “is entrepreneurship worth it?” Inventorying costs associated with risk, uncertainty, and illiquidity against surpluses from financial and psychological factors unique to entrepreneurship, Venkataraman tempts readers to tally entrepreneurial returns. The authors summarize and integrate an academic study of these various cost and return components over the past 20 years using Venkataraman’s original framework. The authors find the answer to the question of “is entrepreneurship worth it?” varies with time. Researcher’s answer to the question has shifted from an early view that entrepreneurs sacrifice financial gain in exchange for soft psychological benefits to a more positive view that entrepreneurs are rewarded both financially and psychologically for the unique costs borne in the DDE. But the rewards are not immediate. In entrepreneur time, break-even emerges by gradually overcoming an initial deficit. As surpluses accrue, returns to entrepreneurs likely eventually exceed those of their wage-earning peers.

Reports on the findings of a research study into organizational responses to employee stress, funded by the Universities Funding Council: 30 interviews, including three pilot interviews, were conducted with personnel representatives of companies in the West Midlands region in Spring 1991. Stress was understood to be an individual problem by the managers in the sample, rooted in “personality”. In a series of stress‐related case profiles presented to interviewees, problems with physical rather than psychological symptoms were considered to be more deserving of sympathy, assistance, etc. Efforts to deal with stress‐related problems took up considerable employee and management time. Despite goodwill they were not usually informed by knowledge or skill; training was rare. Overall, none of the companies was found to have comprehensive policies or practices to deal with stress. Considers differences in approach through the identification of “styles”.