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Entrepreneurship represents a complex decision-making process capable of influencing the conditions of a socio-economic system. For this reason, stimulating entrepreneurship is a topic that has always fascinated scholars and attracted the attention of public policy makers. This study, from the perspective of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), aims to contribute to the analysis of entrepreneurial intention (EI) in university students. Factors such as entrepreneurship education (EE), mediation of personal attitude (PA), perceived behavioural control (PBC), EI, regulatory support (RS) and opportunity recognition (OR) for university students.

Research data was collected using a questionnaire, and a cross-sectional sample was selected from senior business and engineering students who are most likely to participate in entrepreneurial activities. The survey was conducted in the Delhi NCR region. 240 students were interviewed. Partial least square structural equation modelling using SmartPLS-4 was used to test the explanatory and predictive power of the proposed model.

The results of this study offer interesting contributions to the academic debate. First, EE has a significant impact on PA, PBC and entrepreneurial intentionality. Second, PBC, recognition of opportunities and EI have a significant impact on entrepreneurial education. Finally, PA and PBC significantly mediate the “entrepreneurial education – entrepreneurial intention” relationship.

Interesting elements of originality are offered by this study. First, entrepreneurship is studied as a decision-making process influenced by intentions and not behaviours. Second, the authors limited the efforts to unraveling the effect of the five variables on the formation of EI. Finally, the large size of the sample allows the authors to obtain significant results, directing future studies to other territorial contexts. Additionally, incorporating some control variables, such as gender and family background, would explore the relationship between the model variables more meaningfully.

This paper aims to understand what it takes for an organization to transform itself into a great and healthy place to work. A comprehensive fivefold framework has been used to assess employees’ practices in the organization under study. This framework focuses on five aspects of a human being where he/she may like to satisfy his needs, i.e. physical, intellectual, social, emotional and spiritual. Organizations need to design various programs to address employees’ needs at these five dimensions to get their best and for making an organization a healthy and desired place to work at.

For collecting data for this study, a triangular approach peculiar to a survey research was adopted, i.e. the use of questionnaires, interviews and documented evidence. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results from survey were supplemented with gaps identified through desk study. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to check the validity of the instrument.

A wider role of the human resources department is being envisaged by proposing to set up a separate “people management office”, which will be responsible for project people management and developing a “CONDUCIVE” culture. Further, innovative recommendations are proposed for making an organization a great place to work in.

This study has several important implications for the practitioners. First, this study developed a comprehensive five-fold framework, which focuses on five aspects or levels or dimensions of a human being, i.e. physical, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual. A person would have needs corresponding to each of these levels. This framework can be used to study employees’ practices in the organizations on these five crucial dimensions. Organizations can design various programs to address employee needs around these five dimensions to get their best and for making an organization a healthy and desired place to work. Second, the “CONDUCIVE” model proposed in this study for developing conducive culture adds a novel insight to the growing body of literature in this area. This model can be used by human resources managers to have better employee engagement, which in turn will make their organization a healthy workplace.

This paper makes use of a comprehensive five-fold framework developed by the author to study employees’ practices in the organizations on five dimensions. It is proposed to develop a “CONDUCIVE” culture, a model developed by the author with a number of activities. This model will enhance the employee engagement in an organization, which eventually will make the organization a healthy place to work in. As suggested, organizations can set up a people management office as well to harness people power.

El presente artículo aspira a entender como una empresa puede convertirse en un gran lugar de trabajo. Se emplea un modelo de cinco factores para valorar las prácticas de gestión de personas en la empresa estudiada. El modelo considera cinco factores que los individuos pueden considerar a la hora de satisfacer sus necesidades: físicos, intelectuales, emocionales, sociales y espirituales. Las empresas necesitan diseñar diferentes programas para evaluar las necesidades de los empleados en estas cinco dimensiones para extraer lo mejor de ellos y desarrollar una organización saludable y en la que deseen trabajar.

Combina información de cuestionarios, entrevistas orales y evidencia documental. Los datos se analizan mediante SPSS. Los resultados del análisis de encuestas se complementaron con información proveniente del análisis de la empresa. Se utilizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio para contrastar la validez de los instrumentos.

Se plantea un papel más amplio de los departamentos de RRHH proponiendo la creación de una oficina de gestión de personas (PMO) que sería responsable de la gestión de proyectos de personas (PPM) y de desarrollar una cultura “conducente”. Además se realizan recomendaciones innovadoras para hacer de la empresa un gran lugar de trabajo.

El estudio tiene importantes implicaciones prácticas. Primero, desarrolla un nuevo modelo de cinco factores que los individuos pueden considerar a la hora de satisfacer sus necesidades: físicos, intelectuales, emocionales, sociales y espirituales. Una persona puede tener necesidades en cada uno de estos niveles. Este modelo se puede emplear para estudiar las prácticas organizativas para con los empleados en estas cinco dimensiones clave. Las organizaciones pueden diseñar varios programas para analizar las necesidades en estas cinco dimensiones y generar un mejor lugar de trabajo. Segundo, el modelo “conducente” propuesto añade nuevas pistas a la creciente investigación en esta área. El modelo puede emplearse por parte de los gerentes de RRHH para conseguir un mayor compromiso por parte de los empleados y hacer de la empresa un gran lugar de trabajo.

El artículo presenta un modelo de cinco factores desarrollado por el autor para estudiar las prácticas de gestión de personas. Se propone desarrollar una cultura “conducente” que generaría un mayor compromiso de los empleados que a su vez haría a la empresa un mejor lugar de trabajo. Las empresas pueden crear oficinas de gestión de personas para aprovechar el poder de las personas.

Palabras clave Lugar de trabajo, Gestión de personas, Cultura organizativa

Artículo de investigación

Este artigo é um esforço para entender o que é necessário para uma empresa se transformar em um lugar saudável e ótimo para trabalhar. Um marco de referência de cinco fatores foi usado para avaliar as práticas dos funcionários na empresa estudada. Este marco de referência centra-se em cinco aspectos do ser humano, onde ele/ela pode satisfazer suas necessidades; física, intelectual, emocional, social e espiritual. As empresas precisam projetar vários programas para atender às necessidades dos funcionários nessas cinco dimensões, a fim de obter o melhor deles e tornar a empresa um local saudável e desejado para trabalhar.

Para a coleta de dados, se adotou uma abordagem triangular, ou seja, questionários, entrevistas e evidências documentadas. Os dados foram analisados com SPSS. Os resultados da pesquisa foram complementados com lacunas identificadas através da análise da empresa. A análise fatorial confirmatória foi utilizada para verificar a validade do instrumento.

Um papel mais amplo do departamento de RH está sendo planejado, propondo a criação de um “Escritório de Gestão de Pessoas” (PMO) separado, que será responsável pelo Gerenciamento de Pessoas do Projeto (PPM) e pelo desenvolvimento de uma cultura “CONDUTIVA”. Além disso, recomendações inovadoras são propostas para tornar a empresa um ótimo lugar para se trabalhar.

Este estudo tem várias implicações práticas importantes. Em primeiro lugar, este estudo desenvolveu um amplo marco de referência com cinco fatores que se centra em cinco aspectos ou níveis ou dimensões do ser humano, ou seja, físico, intelectual, emocional, social e espiritual. Uma pessoa teria necessidades correspondentes a cada um desses níveis. Essa estrutura pode ser usada para estudar as práticas dos funcionários nas empresas nessas cinco dimensões cruciais. As empresas podem projetar vários programas para atender às necessidades dos funcionários nessas cinco dimensões, a fim de obter o melhor desempenho e tornar a empresa um local saudável e desejado para trabalhar. Em segundo lugar, o modelo “CONDUCENTE” proposto neste estudo para o desenvolvimento da cultura condutiva, acrescenta uma visão inovadora a crescente literatura nessa área. Esse modelo pode ser usado pelos gerentes de RH para obter um melhor engajamento dos funcionários, o que, por sua vez, tornará sua empresa um local de trabalho saudável.

Este artigo usa de um amplo marco de referência de cinco fatores desenvolvido pelo autor para estudar as práticas dos funcionários nas empresas em cinco dimensões. Propõe-se desenvolver uma cultura “CONDUTIVA”, um modelo desenvolvido pelo autor com uma série de atividades. Este modelo de desenvolvimento da cultura condutiva levará ao engajamento dos funcionários, o que tornará a empresa um ótimo lugar para se trabalhar. Como sugerido, as empresas podem configurar o Escritório de Gestão de Pessoas (PMO) para aproveitar o poder das pessoas.

Palavras-chave Local de Trabalho, Gestão de Pessoas, Cultura Organizacional

Artigo de pesquisa

In the ever increasing competition in the employment market, an organization’s need to become a “great place to work” has gained significant momentum. Employer branding has thus emerged as an essential management practice employed by the organization to create its image as desirable employer in the eyes of prospective employees. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the understanding of employer branding through the eyes of “potential” young employees in Delhi and North Central Region, India. The results presented in this paper throw light on the perceived importance of employer branding among the prospective employees via analysis of various branding factors chosen for the study. The study results report that the perceived significance of employer branding factors differs mainly across gender and age of prospective employees. Notably, public and private sectors are being perceived significantly different by the potential job applicants on employer branding factors. Thus, this paper presents important findings enabling employers to build brand value and an attractive reputation in the job market so as to attract and retain the best talent.

Survey methodology was used to test the hypothesis. The sample was selected from Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR) primarily from the students of business schools who were randomly selected to fill in the questionnaire. As they are the potential hires, it seemed appropriate to know their preference of employer branding factors. They are ready to join the corporations therefore, data extracted would be much more suitable as they can throw light on their immediate preferences and provide insight into the research study. For collection of data an online structured questionnaire was administered. A total of 270 questionnaires were administered and 239 filled questionnaires were received.

From the results it can be seen that private sector emerged as preferred sector of choice for the majority of potential employees. However, there are some factors which are handled well in private sector as compared to public sector and vice versa. There are some factors like – stability of the company, work-life balance and job security which potential employees perceive as important and therefore, need to be addressed by both public and private sector organizations.

Limitation of this study is that the findings cannot be generalized therefore, provide opportunities for further research. Moreover, the sample included only students as prospective employees seeking a new job or a career change. Thus the results obtained on a sample of relatively inexperienced job seekers, might partially reflect commonly held stereotypes of attractive organizations. Hence, it is interesting to use other samples such as experienced job seekers or those who are currently employed. Another limitation is that the study is restricted to Delhi and NCR region hence, the data is not representative of a wider population. Further research may expand the scope in terms of sample size as well. Future research may also explore the extent of employee attraction and retention vis-à-vis employer branding factors in organizations. A final avenue for future studies consists in exploring the processes which underlie the organizational choice decisions of prospective applicants.

This study has added to the growing body of research on employer branding factors by generating more knowledge and arguments in favor of certain employer branding factors in the workplace. If organizations truly want to attract good talented people then management needs to bring about the necessary organizational support and infrastructure at the early and middle stages of an employee’s career which are most often the stages where important choices are made. They need to be more considerate toward employee needs. Efforts can be made to build a good work culture by paying heed to their preferences. Therefore, this study helps establish a foundation for implementation of various employer branding factors which are perceived important by the potential job applicants, especially in Indian context. The findings are of particular important for human resource (HR) managers and policy makers in both public sector as well as private sectors in these times of increased inter-sectoral personnel movement. These findings can be utilized as a guiding instrument while inter-sectoral recruitment is being made. These would also enable employers to take appropriate action in order to build their employer brand based on certain discussed employer branding factors so as to attract talent which in turn would also help them in retaining talent.

There are many employer branding factors which tend to affect the mindset of potential employees in selecting their prospective employer. Employers can therefore, endeavor to understand those factors at length so as to attract talent which in turn would also help in retaining talent.

Results throw light on the perceived importance the potential employees give to various employer branding factors taken for the study. Perceived significance attached to employer branding factors differs across gender, age, education background, etc. It was also found that for some important employer branding factors public and private sectors are being perceived significantly different by the potential job applicants. Thus, paper presents important findings that would enable employers to take actions in order to build their employer brand so as to attract talent which in turn would also help them in retaining talent.

After reading and analyzing this case study, students will be able to describe the challenges of creating an electric vehicle (EV) start-up with the objective of zero-carbon emissions, identify opportunities and challenges for Satyadarshan Technologies & Services (STS) in enhancing the B2B customer base and sales volumes in the EV market, identify and assess government incentives to reinforce STS’s existing EV business and compose an understanding of and determine an ability to use various industrial marketing and promotion strategies for STS in the present environment.

STS was launched in 2020 to provide environmentally conscious urban commuting. Himanshu Purohit, the founder of STS, commenced an e-bicycle assembly unit and produced the first advanced electric drivetrain technology. The vision was to transform how people viewed mobility and make EVs the standard for a healthier globe. Nurturing a start-up with zero-carbon emissions was tedious due to limited infrastructure, high costs, low market acceptance and supply chain constraints. With the relentless pursuit of excellence, STS constantly pushed the boundaries and crossed the break-even ceiling in the year 2022. As a budding player in the souk, the company expected to gain a strong presence in the EV market with particular attention to the B2B customer segment. At the same time, the company aimed to ensure business sustainability by leveraging government incentives. The company needed to expand its corporate sales volume and craft a sustainable competitive advantage. Purohit recognized various challenges to the sustainability of STS that stood between the company's goals and their realization, particularly in achieving a sustainable move in the EV segment. Consequently, Purohit found himself at a critical juncture to pave the path toward the growth of the start-up. Eventually, analysis of the company's business challenges, industrial marketing and promotional strategies required strategic planning to appraise and evaluate the business model.

This case study is designed for new-age Master of Business Administration and executive management programs. It should be used in entrepreneurship and strategic management courses to discuss small innovative e-bike start-ups. This includes conducting a competitive analysis and self-assessing a firm's market-oriented strategies. Prima facie, undergraduate and postgraduate students are beneficiaries of this case. This case study may also be conducive to teaching how to initiate a sustainable and green vehicle business. This case study guides students entering the EV business, addressing industry-specific challenges and conducting market analysis.

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

This paper aims to present strategic performance management modeling of the Indian automobile manufacturing enterprises. This will help to understand the hierarchical structure and linkages of different strategic factors related to enterprise performance in a better way. Automobile manufacturing industry is one of the top industries in India. It is of paramount importance to identify the strategic factors and their linkages to understand the strategic performance management issues better.

Flexible strategy game-card, an evolving performance management framework, has been taken as the basis for the development of a strategic performance management model. Thematic content analysis is used to analyze semi-structured interviews and for identifying strategic factors related to performance. Total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) is used to develop the hierarchical structure of these performance strategic factors. Case-lets and statistical analysis are used to further validate these models.

The study proposes a strategic performance management model for Indian automobile enterprises that can be considered as a conceptual framework which helps to identify the leading and lagging factors of performance. This can be considered as an exploratory study for conceptualization and can be further validated through empirical testing.

The research methodology adopted here gives a guideline to researchers for conducting an exploratory study where they can identify the factors/variables of interest through semi-structured interviews and thematic content analysis. The TISM helps to develop the poorly articulated mental model in a well-structured hierarchical form, which would help to get more insights in relation to performance.

The study fills the gaps by addressing the issue of performance in the Indian context by identifying strategic performance factors for automobile enterprises. There is an attempt to demonstrate the application of an evolving performance management framework, i.e. flexible strategy game-card. The methodological rigor and application of mixed methods adds value to the knowledge base by providing a mechanism to conduct an exploratory study for the area of interest.

Learning outcomes are as follows: to learn about the application of Bartlett and Ghoshal’s model of international strategy; to compare and contrast the global strategy of IKEA in India and China; and to understand how adaptability can create a new competitive advantage in emerging markets.

The case study enables discussion about the global strategy of a well-established multi-national company, IKEA in an emerging market. IKEA is a well-established and well-known brand in the international market in furniture retailing. It has decided to make a debut in India in 2017 with its first store in Hyderabad. However, it was yet to open it in 2018. The case emphasizes upon understanding the global strategy of IKEA, positioning itself in the fragmented Indian furniture industry, managing differences in emerging markets and adapting to the local environment of the particular country. The case highlights how adaptability can create a new competitive advantage in managing global strategy in different countries of emerging markets.

This case study is developed for post-graduate management programs as an MBA, Executive MBA and executive development programs.

Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

CSS 11: Strategy.

The primary learning objectives/outcome of case discussion is to apply design thinking principles to design innovative and socially responsible strategies that promote financial sustainability for organizations serving unique societal needs. The secondary learning objectives/outcome of case discussion is to gain a deeper appreciation for the potential social impact of their innovative ideas and understand the complexities and ethical considerations in social entrepreneurship, especially when working with individuals with special needs.

The case study describes the challenge facing Anil Kumar Kundra, the founder and trustee of Autism Ashram and Autism Guardian Village in Hyderabad and Gujarat, an organization that provides shelter and care for individuals with autism and residential facilities for their parents. Autistic individuals often lack social skills and may face challenges in reading, writing and communicating. In addition, they may experience behavioral issues, making it difficult for them to obtain employment or run their own ventures, resulting in a lifetime financial dependency on their guardians. In August 2023, Kundra, in pursuit of sustainability, aims to empower autistic individuals in the ashram to attain financial independence. He envisions Autism Ashrama as a self-sustaining entity, no longer dependent on contributions from parents. The dilemma facing Kundra is the need to identify innovative ideas that will enable these autistic individuals to contribute to revenue generation. The challenges faced by autistic individuals in their day-to-day lives make Kundra’s decision-making complex. While he acknowledges the challenge, he firmly believes that a handful of transformative ideas can bring about a revolutionary shift in the ecosystem for autistic individuals, rendering this business model truly sustainable. The case study invites students to help Kundra identify innovative ideas using design idea techniques, such as the Stanford d.school model.

This take-home assignment is suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate students and is designed to explore the integration of sustainable business practices and design thinking in a real-world context.

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

CSS 7: Management science.