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The removal of Ismative SHR blue (reactive dye) using a very cheap cement factory waste called by‐pass kiln dust has been investigated in batch mode. The effects of initial dye solution concentration, particle size, agitation rate, amount of by‐pass kiln dust, and dye solution temperature were studied. A 95.5 per cent removal was achieved. Some pretreatment of by‐pass kiln dust, such as washing by distilled water or rinsing with HCL solution, has been done. By using the washed by‐pass kiln dust the values of total dissolved solids, alkalinity, and efficiency of colour removal were reduced. A very rapid irreversible chemical reaction may occur in addition to the adsorption process. Ferric chloride was used as a coagulant after settling to complete the separation of the dust from the clear solution. A removal of 96 per cent from the initial colour of the industrial coloured wastewater was achieved.

Municipalities commonly ask the public to give input by answering questions about their preferences. There is some belief that input enhances the public's confidence in government. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether different types of input activities (obtained by phone or online surveys, or via face‐to‐face engagements) differentially impact confidence.

Data were collected over two years from different input activities undertaken to inform a city's budgeting and performance measures' determinations.

Significant amounts of variance in the public's confidence in municipal governments are accounted for by independent predictors such as current satisfaction, perceived trustworthiness, legitimacy, and loyalty to the institution. Compared to online and phone surveys, face‐to‐face input methods seem to have a particularly strong, positive relationship with the public's perceptions of the trustworthiness (e.g. competence, integrity, benevolence) of municipal government officials. Persons who participate in face‐to‐face, online, or phone events differ both in extent of confidence and, to a small extent, in the bases of their confidence.

The study design is correlational rather than experimental and data were not originally gathered to test the identified hypotheses. In addition, it is not prudent to put too much stock in results from only one jurisdiction that relied primarily on convenience samples.

In instances in which enhancing confidence in the institution is a specific objective of public input, this work provides researchers and practitioners with guidance to better anticipate which input technique(s) works best and why.

This study aims to provide an efficient nanocomposite that might be used to protect deteriorated archaeological stucco.

The current experimental study evaluates the effectiveness of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) added to graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) and mixed with Paraloid (B-72) (B-44) in acetone in consolidating samples. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared nanopowders have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). This study involves monitoring the transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform changes in consolidated samples after exposure to various conditions by using the digital microscope and scanning electron microscopy to identify the appearance of the consolidated stucco samples after applying the selected nanocomposites and after their artificial aging procedures. Color change is measured using a colorimeter, and comparisons are made between samples before and after aging. Physical and mechanical properties are determined, and the contact angle is measured to measure hydrophobicity rate.

The obtained results indicate that HA/g-C₃N₄ hybrid nanocomposites with a composition of HA 0.5%/g-C₃N₄ 1%/B-72 3% and HA 0.5%/g-C3N4 1%/B-44 3% achieved the best consolidating results among the proposed mixtures for stucco samples, where the percentage of weight loss was 0.77 with B-72, 0.53 with B-44. Surface identification and characterization of hydroxyapatite HA NPs/g-C₃N₄ hybrid nanocomposites embedded in B72/B44matrix were carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX).

This study provides important findings from the analytical procedures used to evaluate the consolidation materials used in this study. The findings are beneficial for the preservation of archaeological stucco. The investigation findings revealed that the most favorable outcomes were obtained from HA/g-C₃N₄ hybrid nanocomposites containing HA 0.5%, g-C₃N₄ 1% and B-72 3%, as well as HA 0.5%, g-C₃N₄ 1% and B-44 3%. Consequently, it is advised to use this nanocomposite to consolidate archaeological stucco, thus establishing a promising initial stride toward conserving archaeological stucco for future research endeavors. This study introduces a new nanocomposite material (HA NPs/G-C₃N₄) that can be used to protect and improve archaeological plaster. This is very important for preserving cultural heritage. The incorporation of nanotechnology improves the material’s physical and mechanical qualities. The research uses various characterization techniques (including TEM, XRD and FT-IR) to meticulously analyze the physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite material and assess its efficacy in practical applications through artificial aging experiments, offering novel insights and methodologies for future cultural relic preservation studies.

Digital resources such as smart applications reviews and online feedback information are important sources to seek customers’ feedback and input. This paper aims to help government entities gain insights on the needs and expectations of their customers. Towards this end, we propose an aspect-based sentiment analysis hybrid approach that integrates domain lexicons and rules to analyse the entities smart apps reviews. The proposed model aims to extract the important aspects from the reviews and classify the corresponding sentiments. This approach adopts language processing techniques, rules, and lexicons to address several sentiment analysis challenges, and produce summarized results. According to the reported results, the aspect extraction accuracy improves significantly when the implicit aspects are considered. Also, the integrated classification model outperforms the lexicon-based baseline and the other rules combinations by 5% in terms of Accuracy on average. Also, when using the same dataset, the proposed approach outperforms machine learning approaches that uses support vector machine (SVM). However, using these lexicons and rules as input features to the SVM model has achieved higher accuracy than other SVM models.

This paper aims at improving progress tracking and control of repetitive projects by developing a novel framework that automates the documentation of as-built information directly into the project schedule and also introduces enhanced linear scheduling formulation to support project control decisions.

The proposed framework uses e-mail technology to facilitate detailed tracking of daily as-built events of all parties through bidirectional communication between site and head office. It also provides a new formulation for more accurate critical path and linear scheduling computation to accurately update the project's time and cost during construction.

Using a case study of a road project, the paper proves that the proposed framework reduces as-built documentation effort and its schedule updates are more responsive to all as-built events than traditional scheduling techniques.

The proposed method applies to linear projects (e.g. highways) and can be extended to other repetitive projects such as high-rise buildings. It can also be extended to include voice features and procedures for forensic schedule analysis.

The developed methodology presents a low-cost approach to document timely progress information for decision makers of massive linear projects (often associated with infrastructure) to have better control over the execution of projects, save documentation time and cost, and avoid disputes and problems.

This research contributes in improving construction productivity by collecting timely as-built information using affordable communication technologies. It also presents novel advancements to the existing scheduling and control techniques to suit linear projects, which are most challenging.

This chapter provides an overview of the history of deliberative theory and practice, starting with an early focus on rational consensus models and moving toward contemporary treatments of deliberation in pluralistic, contentious systems consisting of multiple, overlapping, and at times adversarial stakeholder groups. It summarizes major theories related to analytic and social/relational aspects of deliberation, communication across differences, and design and facilitation processes. Finally, it reviews group communication research on deliberative processes and outcomes, notes key critiques of deliberative theory, and explores future directions for group deliberation research and practice.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocontainer solutions in removing deteriorated and aged polymers commonly used in coating and consolidating archaeological glass.

This study focused on characterizing glass surfaces coated with two commonly used polymeric materials in archaeological glass preservation. Furthermore, the study evaluates the elimination of these coatings from the surfaces by using innovative aqueous systems composed of micellar solutions (MS) and oil-in-water (O/W) Texapon-P microemulsions (TEX). Glass samples coated with selected polymers were subjected to thermal and photochemical aging to simulate natural degradation conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocontainer aqueous systems compared to acetone (Ac), a conventional solvent commonly used for removal procedures. The characterization procedures involved transmission electron microscopy, USB digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, color alteration and gravimetric measurement.

The findings indicate that the effectiveness of novel techniques using aqueous nanocontainer systems is quite promising when considering a “green approach” to preserving cultural heritage. Microscopic examination demonstrated the efficacy of MS in effectively removing acrylic and vinyl polymers from the glass surface. Furthermore, TEX proved effective in removing polyvinyl acetate (PVA) over Paraloid B72 (B-72). In addition, the measurement of color alteration values revealed a decrease after using MS compared to the standard sample before applying the polymers, with values of ΔE = 1.48 and 1.82 for B-72 polymer and PVA, respectively.

This research provides nanocontainer solutions for removing aged polymers from the glass surface. This makes the current study a promising step for treating archaeological glass.

The purpose of this study is to examine the underlying functions of sense of spirituality (SS), emotional intelligence (EI) and perceived work environment (PWE) towards knowledge sharing behaviour (KSB) among the academic staff of higher learning institutions (HLIs) through a comparative investigation. This study extends the investigation by examining the relationship between SS and KSB through the mediating role of EI. The moderating role of PWE between SS and KSB was also tested.

The sample comprised 300 responses from 150 Bangladeshi and 150 Malaysian academic staff of public and private HLIs. Convenient sampling tools were used. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the proposed model and hypotheses. The study explains the differences and similarities in KSB practices concerning SS, EI and PWE of the academic staff from the two countries’ HLIs.

The results support the direct positive effects of SS on KSB. The two data sets also support the indirect effects of SS on KSB through the mediation of EI. However, the results indicate that SS only promoted KSB among individuals with high levels of PWE in their respective institutions. For individuals with low levels of PWE, SS did not affect KSB.

The management of HLIs should engage their experiences and those of newly hired academic staff in the KSB process. However, in facilitating KSB culture among the academic staff, HLIs need to foster the staff’s SS, which ultimately improvises the EI to strongly influence KSB. The management of HLIs understands that SS may be inefficient in promoting KSB among employees with low PWE. Authorities of HLIs need to facilitate a quality work environment to enhance the association between SS and KSB.

This study is one of the initial attempts to investigate KSB by considering SS, EI and PWE in the context of Bangladesh and Malaysia HLIs. The findings of the study can serve as inputs to HLIs in developing best practices across KSB dimensions and improving academic staff performance.

In Bangladesh (BD), delays in infrastructure are common. Many previous studies have explored the causes of infrastructure delays. However, this study investigated the causes of delays by taking responses from the stakeholders who are responsible for planning, design, funding, approval and implementation. There are few studies that have related infrastructure project delays to heterogeneity in stakeholders’ perceptions.

A structural equation (SE) model is developed with 350 normally distributed data points to understand the heterogeneity in stakeholders’ perceptions regarding delays in infrastructure projects in BD. Additionally, the relative importance index (RII) approach is used to assess the responses, validating the SE model.

The study finds that among the three latent variables, “Project itself related delay” has more influence on delays in infrastructure projects. Among the observed variables under the “project itself related delay” latent variable, “DPP approval process” has the most significance. From the heterogeneity analysis, the study found differences in responses among the stakeholders from “the Engineering Department,” “the Planning Office” and “the Construction Firm/Industry.” An important class of stakeholders believes that their stage is not being delayed and that other stages require attention.

The data sample is 350. More data can improve the accuracy of the findings. Most of the respondents are civil engineers (74%) and represent the owner of the project. Sample data from more stakeholders’ will enhance the accuracy of the result.

This study addresses the requirements of Bangladeshi project stakeholders and how their interactions cause delays in projects. Furthermore, the opinions of other stakeholders are taken into consideration when determining the specific factors of individual stakeholders that are causing delays. Practically, the distance between stakeholders should be reduced. A project manager can play a role in this regard. Initiatives should be taken on how to complete the project quickly by eliminating the requirements discussed among the stakeholders and bureaucratic complications. Instead of placing blame on one another, stakeholders should take the initiative to figure out how to work together to finish the project on schedule. The Planning Commission’s approval of the Development Project Proposal (DPP) and Revised Development Project Proposal (RDPP) should be obtained as soon as possible by owner stakeholders. In order to avoid frequently changing the DPP, owners should also exercise greater caution when choosing contractors. Contractor stakeholders should use efficient and proper manpower and equipment so that unexpected delays are not created during the execution of work. Since the role of the contractor stakeholder is the most important among the three types of stakeholders, the contractor should raise awareness and urge the owners to get the RDPP approved quickly.

The findings from the study can help mitigate delays in infrastructure projects in BD, taking into account the perceptions of various stakeholders.

Cost contingency is widely employed to address project risks. This systematic literature review aims to develop a framework for understanding risks in project cost contingency estimation.

A systematic literature review of 859 abstracts and 67 full articles was conducted using a framework synthesis method.

The study establishes a six-element risk framework for project cost contingency estimation, encompassing event, consequence, uncertainty, probability, knowledge, and mitigation. Twelve risk dimensions in the project cost contingency estimation are further developed.

This study contributes to the project management literature by constructing a framework for understanding risks in project cost contingency estimation. This framework provides guidance for enhancing the accuracy of project cost contingency estimation.