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This paper proposes a design of an efficient and automated experimental platform for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars. The platform can quickly flexibly generate the waveform that meets measurement requirements and significantly improve experimental efficiency.

This platform not only includes radio frequency devices but also integrates a programmable transmitter based on field programmable gate array. By configuring the waveform data, the experimental platform can generate waveforms with adjustable parameters and realize automatic emission, reception and processing of signals. Different from traditional fast Fourier transform, this paper uses a discrete-time Fourier transform to process low-frequency signals to get more accurate results.

The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of the platform through a single-path cable experiment, an indoor ranging experiment by using different modulating waveforms and a speed measurement experiment. With complete functions and strong flexibility, the platform can operate effectively in various conditions and greatly improve the efficiency of research and study.

The platform can accelerate the research studies and applications of FMCW radars in the fields of automatic drive, through-wall detection and health-care applications.

Cost and functionality are taken into account in the platform, which can significantly improve the efficiency of research. The proposed signal processing method improves the accuracy while its computation complexity does not increase significantly.

The assumption that the family migrates as a unit downplays migrants’ circularity. This chapter focuses on China's rural–urban labor migrants that travel back and forth between the sites of work and home community and between places of work. I argue that migrants and their households pursue work flexibility in order to obtain the best of the urban and rural worlds, by gaining earnings from urban work and at the same time maintaining social and economic security in the countryside. Work flexibility demands flexibility in household organization, in the form of division of labor and collaboration between genders, generations, and households. Based on a study in Sichuan, I examine household biographies and narratives to identify migrants’ work and household strategies.

Migrants change jobs frequently, switch from one type of work to another and one location to another readily, and often return to the home village for months or even years before pursuing migrant work again. Not only are migrants ready to split the household between the city and the countryside, but also they frequently change from one form of division of labor to another. The inside–outside model, where the wife stays in the village and the husband does migrant work, used to be the dominant arrangement. Over time, the outside–outside model, where both the husband and wife migrate to work and leave behind other family members, is increasingly popular. This is facilitated by intergenerational and interhousehold division of labor in the form of assistance by the extended family. Intergenerational division of labor takes place when the second generation is replacing the parents in migrant work. This research's findings support the notion that rural–urban migrants are fast becoming a hybrid segment of Chinese society, playing dual roles of farmers and urban workers and straddling the peasant and urban worlds.

This paper aims to study the influence of NaNO₂ on the chemical composition of passivation film.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were selected to determine the composition of passivation film of steel bars in mortar. The specimens were exposed to the chloride solution, carbonation environment and the coupling effects of chloride solution and carbonation. The chemical composition and micro structures at 0 and 5 nm from the outer surface of the passivation film of steel bars were analyzed.

Results showed that the nitrite inhibitor improved the forming rate of the passivation film and increased the mass ratio of Fe₃O₄ to FeOOH on the surface of steel bars. The component of Fe₃O₄ at 5 nm of the steel passivation film was more than that at 0 nm. Sodium ferrite in the pore solution was easily hydrolyzed and then FeOOH was formed. Therefore, due to the nitrite inhibitor, a “double layer structure” of the passivation film was formed to prevent steels bars from corrosion.

This is original work and may help the researchers further understand the mechanism of rust resistance by nitrite inhibitor.

This study aims to examine the role of women’s career expectations (CEs) in changes in their career advancement (CA) and to determine whether these changes were because of socio-demographic factors.

Multiple linear regression was used to measure the relationship between women’s CEs and CA, as well as the influences that socio-demographic factors (e.g. education) have on that relationship.

Results indicated that CEs had two dimensions (i.e. career rewards and career development) and that career reward expectations had a significantly higher effect on CA than career development expectations. Furthermore, women were very likely to set higher CEs and stronger desires for CA as they became older. Results also showed that education, working years and position level were significantly related to women’s CA.

This study provides new insight into which aspects of women’s CA can be boosted by CEs and how these aspects may be affected by socio-demographic factors. This study can help hotels design better career management strategies to achieve the desired results. The study also provides guidance for women’s career management activities.

This study considers women’s CEs in hotels. The results revealed two dimensions (i.e. career rewards and career development) of CEs and uncovered the influences of socio-demographic factors on women’s CA, for example, age, education, working years and position level.

基于对酒店业两个变量（即职业期望和职业晋升）的理解, 本研究旨在考察职业期望在妇女职业晋升变化中的作用, 并确定这些变化是否由社会人口特征因素引起。

采用问卷调查的方式收集数据。采用多元线性回归来衡量女性职业期望和职业晋升之间的关系, 以及社会人口特征因素（如教育）对这种关系的影响。

结果表明, 职业期望有两个维度（即职业奖励和职业发展）, 职业奖励期望对职业晋升的影响明显高于职业发展期望。此外, 随着年龄的增长, 女性倾向于有更高的职业期望和更强烈的职业晋升愿望。结果还显示, 受教育程度、工作年限、职位级别与女性的职业晋升显著相关。

这项研究为女性职业期望在哪些方面可以促进职业发展以及社会人口特征因素如何影响这些方面受到的提供了新的见解。这项研究可以帮助酒店设计更好的职业管理策略, 以达到预期效果。本研究也为女性的职业管理活动提供了指导。

本研究将职业期望引入酒店业中女性员工职业发展研究。结果显示职业期望的两个维度（即职业奖励和职业发展）, 并揭示了社会人口学因素如年龄、学历、工作年限和职位级别等对女性职业晋升发展的影响, 。

basado en la comprensión de dos variables (es decir, expectativas profesionales y avance profesional) en la industria hotelera, este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el papel de las expectativas profesionales en los cambios en el avance profesional de las mujeres y determinar si estos cambios se debieron a factores sociodemográficos.

Se Utilizó Un Cuestionario Para Recopilar Datos. Se Utilizó La Regresión Lineal Múltiple Para Medir La Relación Entre Las Expectativas Profesionales De Las Mujeres Y El Avance Profesional, Así Como Las Influencias Que Los Factores Sociodemográficos (Por Ejemplo, La Educación) Tienen En Esa Relación.

Los Resultados Indicaron Que Las Expectativas De Carrera Tenían Dos Dimensiones (Es Decir, Recompensas De Carrera Y Desarrollo De Carrera) Y Que Las Expectativas De Recompensa De Carrera Tenían Un Efecto Significativamente Mayor En El Avance De La Carrera Que Las Expectativas De Desarrollo De Carrera. Además, Las Mujeres Tenían Más Probabilidades De Tener Expectativas Profesionales Más Altas Y Deseos Más Fuertes Para Avanzar En Su Carrera A Medida Que Envejecían. Los Resultados También Mostraron Que La Educación, Los Años De Trabajo Y El Nivel De Posición Estaban Significativamente Relacionados Con El Avance Profesional De Las Mujeres.

Este Estudio Proporciona Una Nueva Perspectiva Sobre Qué Aspectos Del Avance Profesional De Las Mujeres Pueden Ser Impulsados Por Las Expectativas Profesionales Y Cómo Estos Aspectos Pueden Verse Afectados Por Factores Sociodemográficos. Este Estudio Puede Ayudar A Los Hoteles A Diseñar Mejores Estrategias De Gestión Profesional Para Lograr Los Resultados Deseados. El Estudio También Proporciona Orientación Para Las Actividades De Gestión Profesional De Las Mujeres.

este estudio considera las expectativas profesionales de las mujeres en la industria hotelera. Los resultados revelaron dos dimensiones (es decir, recompensas profesionales y desarrollo profesional) de las expectativas profesionales y descubrieron las influencias de los factores sociodemográficos en el avance profesional de las mujeres, por ejemplo, edad, educación, años de trabajo y nivel de posición.

The purpose of this study is to identify the structural determinants of e-returns service interactions, examine their impact on online shoppers' loyalty and propose returns service interventions from an interactive marketing perspective to facilitate consumer interaction and repeat purchase intentions with e-retailers.

This study empirically tests the research hypotheses based on cross-sectional survey data collected from Chinese online consumers who experienced interactions during the product returns process.

E-return service interaction includes three determinants: access support, friendly interaction and communication support. These interactions positively impact ease of return, returns satisfaction and customer loyalty. Returns satisfaction is a key mediator in the relationship between return service interaction and loyalty. Access support and friendly interaction have both direct and indirect effects on loyalty, while communication support has only an indirect effect.

This study contributes to understanding e-returns service interaction by analyzing its structural determinants, providing a robust scale foundation and analytical framework for future empirical research. Additionally, this study explores the driving role of e-returns service interaction in forming e-customer loyalty, offering a theoretical basis for the service recovery function of e-returns service interaction. It enriches the application of service recovery theory and relationship marketing theory in the field of interactive marketing.

This paper aims to explore students’ work-integrated learning experience. Particularly, students’ application of knowledge and improvement of multiple skills in work-integrated learning, their influence on positive industry image change due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and students’ desired career prospect were explored.

A questionnaire survey with valid responses from 168 undergraduate students in hospitality and tourism management was conducted in four colleges/universities in Guangdong, China in 2021. PLS-SEM method was used to analyze the data.

It was found that students’ multiple skills had improved through application of knowledge in work-integrated learning. Skill improvement helped form positive industry image change and shape future career prospect. However, such positive industry image change did not impact students’ career prospect directly.

Today, work-integrated learning has become one of the most valuable opportunities for students in hospitality and tourism management to gain industry experience. However, recent literature has largely examined the negative impacts of COVID-19, whereas few studies have examined the positive aspects of work-integrated learning.

With an explosion of datasets available on the Web, dataset search has gained attention as an emerging research domain. Understanding users' dataset behaviour is imperative for providing effective data discovery services. In this paper, the authors present a study on users' dataset search behaviour through the analysis of search logs from a research data discovery portal.

Using query and session based features, the authors apply cluster analysis to discover distinct user profiles with different search behaviours. One particular behavioural construct of our interest is users' expertise that the authors generate via computing semantic similarity between users' search queries and the title of metadata records in the displayed search results.

The findings revealed that there are six distinct classes of user behaviours for dataset search, namely; Expert Research, Expert Search, Expert Explore, Novice Research, Novice Search and Novice Explore.

The user profiles are derived based on analysis of the search log of the research data catalogue in this study. Further research is needed to generalise the user profiles to other dataset search settings. Future research can take on a confirmatory approach to verify these user groups and establish a deeper understanding of their information needs.

The findings in this paper have implications for designing search systems that tailor search results matching the diverse information needs of different user groups.

We propose for the first time a taxonomy of users for dataset search based on their domain expertise and search behaviour.

Firm internationalization or the degree of internationalization (DOI) has both been viewed as a critical dimension of company strategy and linked with enhanced firm performance. This research reports a theoretical postulation based on a conceptual synthesis and an empirical assessment, of this relationship among Chinese firms. Based on the economies of scale, market seeking, risk reduction and experiential learning benefits and possible threshold effects due to learning and accumulation, it is hypothesized that there is a curvilinear relationship between DOI and firm performance and furthermore firms in open or more marketized regions of China will benefit more from their internationalization efforts because of the supportive institutional environment. Multiple regression models employing a large data set of Chinese firms provided supportive empirical evidence. Theoretical and practical implications and research directions are considered.

The purpose of this study is to propose a comprehensive efficiency evaluation approach to measure the efficiency of the retailers and to determine the relative importance of a wide variety of apparel retail-specific factors that support efficiency.

The first stage of the proposed approach is the measurement of the relative efficiency of the apparel retailers by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) for identifying the best practice frontier and determination of the improvement ratios. The second stage is the prioritization of the factors that are important in the apparel retail efficiency using analytical hierarchy process (AHP).

The findings of the study revealed that the quantitative criteria to be considered for efficiency through input minimization and output maximization were “number of employees” and “profit before tax,” respectively, however, focusing on output maximization was found to be more critical. In addition, it was seen that the most important qualitative components of efficiency were satisfied customers, qualified staff and branding.

The managerial actors in the apparel retail industry can be alerted for new strategic actions to adopt best practices or take precautions for future inefficiencies with the help of the results obtained. The customized hierarchical structure allows determining the priority areas that need to be focused on for increasing the performance of apparel retailers.

In this study, DEA and AHP were combined to build a comprehensive efficiency evaluation approach in the apparel retail industry for the first time in the literature. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative variables that are important in apparel retail efficiency were put forward and evaluated. The originality of the hierarchical structure in AHP was its customization to the apparel retail industry.

Strategic change is critical for firms suffering greater environmental uncertainty, but how can firms change their strategies quickly? The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on the speed of strategic change (SSC) together with the moderating effect of strategic flexibility (composed of resource flexibility (RF) and coordination flexibility (CF)).

A survey instrument of 351 Chinese firms obtained through the face‐to‐face interview method is used to empirically test the hypotheses.

This study finds that EO has a positive impact on the SSC. In addition, the moderating effect of RF on the relationship between EO and the SSC is inverse U‐shaped, while that of CF is positive. The findings indicate that both EO and strategic flexibility are important antecedents of the SSC.

This study adds an in‐depth understanding on the roles of EO and strategic flexibility as the antecedents of the SSC.