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The valuation and pricing of information assets often presents managers with substantial challenges. Information assets are usually highly unique, lack objective price benchmarks, have a high potential for piracy, can be simultaneously accessed and enjoyed by multiple users and generally feature significant information asymmetry between sellers and buyers. This paper aims to discuss five methods that can be used to value/price information assets.

This is a conceptual paper that draws and builds upon the multidisciplinary pricing literature.

A tree diagram, one that matches particular combinations of information asset features with each of the five methods, is presented to assist practitioners with their choice of valuation/pricing method.

The pricing of information assets is a challenging and even daunting task. The linkages specified by the paper’s model, and in particular its matching of information asset characteristics with specific valuation/pricing methods, offers a decision tool that does not currently exist. This tool is capable of supporting practitioner decision-making and highlights avenues for future scholarly research.

To achieve a high container handling efficiency at transshipment hub ports, there are a variety of scheduling problem as ship-to-berth assignment (BAP), container-to-yard arrangement (YAP), etc. As it is difficult to acquire the actual data of an existing terminal under various circumstances, this study aims to develop the time estimation model of container handling. Additionally, to achieve an efficient handling of containers at the yard, this study proposes the way to optimize the yard arrangement along with the berth allocation simultaneously by using estimated handling time.

To obtain the handling time based on various situations of the terminal operated, the discrete simulation model of container handling is constructed. The model to estimate the handling time of a quay crane assigned to a relevant ship by multiple regression analysis is developed. To find a feasible solution to minimize the total service time which includes YAP and BAP simultaneously, a genetic algorithm based on heuristics is developed.

The proposed regression model has high performance to estimate the time spent of container handling. In the total service time, the proposed approach outperformed the existing 2-step process approach.

As it is difficult to acquire the actual information of an existing marine terminal under various circumstances, the paper contains a regression model to estimate the container handling time based on simulation data, and the regression model is used in an optimization model to minimize the ship turnaround time.

A numerical investigation has been undertaken to study fluid flow and heat transfer through artificially rib‐roughened channels. Such flows are of particular interest in internal cooling of advanced gas turbine blades. The main objective is to test the suitability of recently developed variants of the cubic non‐linear k‐ε model for the prediction of cooling flows through ribbed passages. The numerical approach used in this study is the finite‐volume method together with the SIMPLE algorithm. For the modelling of turbulence, the Launder and Sharma low‐Re k‐ε model and a new version of the non‐linear low‐Re two equation model that have been recently shown to produce reliable thermal predictions in impinging jet flows and also flows through pipe expansions, have been employed. Both models have been used with the form of the length‐scale correction term to the dissipation rate originally proposed by Yap and also more recently developed differential version, NYap. The numerical results over a range of flow parameters have been compared with the reported experimental data. The mean flow predictions show that both linear and non‐linear k‐ε models with NYap can successfully reproduce the distribution of the measured streamwise velocity component, including the length and width of the separation bubble, formed downstream of each rib. As far as heat transfer predictions are concerned, the recent variant of the non‐linear k‐ε leads to marked improvements in comparison to the original version of Craft et al. Further improvements in the thermal prediction result through the introduction of a differential form of the turbulent length scale correction term to the dissipation rate equation. The version of the non‐linear k‐ε that has been shown in earlier studies to improve thermal predictions in pipe expansions and impinging jets; it is thus found to also produce reasonable heat transfer predictions in ribbed passages.

This paper presents a Monotonic Unbounded Schemes Transformer (MUST) approach to bound/monotonize (remove undershoots and overshoots) unbounded spatial differencing schemes automatically, and naturally. Automatically means the approach (1) captures the critical cell Peclet number when an unbounded scheme starts to produce physically unrealistic solution automatically, and (2) removes the undershoots and overshoots as part of the formulation without requiring human interventions. Naturally implies, all the terms in the discretization equation of the unbounded spatial differencing scheme are retained.

The authors do not formulate new higher-order scheme. MUST transforms an unbounded higher-order scheme into a bounded higher-order scheme.

The solutions obtained with MUST are identical to those without MUST when the cell Peclet number is smaller than the critical cell Peclet number. For cell Peclet numbers larger than the critical cell Peclet numbers, MUST sets the nodal values to the limiter value which can be derived for the problem at-hand. The authors propose a way to derive the limiter value. The authors tested MUST on the central differencing scheme, the second-order upwind differencing scheme and the QUICK differencing scheme. In all cases tested, MUST is able to (1) capture the critical cell Peclet numbers; the exact locations when overshoots and undershoots occur, and (2) limit the nodal value to the value of the limiter values. These are achieved by retaining all the discretization terms of the respective differencing schemes naturally and accomplished automatically as part of the discretization process. The authors demonstrated MUST using one-dimensional problems. Results for a two-dimensional convection–diffusion problem are shown in Appendix to show generality of MUST.

The authors present an original approach to convert any unbounded scheme to bounded scheme while retaining all the terms in the original discretization equation.

In this paper a numerical simulation, based on finite difference techniques, has been developed in order to analyse turbulent natural and mixed convection of air in internal flows. The study has been restricted to two‐dimensional cavities with the possibility of inlet and outlet ports, and with internal heat sources. Turbulence is modelled by means of two‐equation k‐ε turbulence models, both in the simplest form using wall functions and in the more general form of low‐Reynolds‐number k‐ε models. The couple time average governing equations (continuity, momentum, energy, and turbulence quantities) are solved in a segregated manner using the SIMPLEX method. An implicit control volume formulation of the differential equations has been employed. Some illustrative numerical results are presented to study the influence of geometry and boundary conditions in cavities. A comparison of different k‐ε turbulence models has also been presented.

The success rate of design-build (D-B) implementation in Malaysia’s private construction projects is low compared to the nation’s public projects. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) for D-B implementation in Malaysian public construction projects.

To achieve the research objectives, 111 questionnaire survey responses from construction-related professionals were collected and analysed using multivariate analysis, including t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and factor analysis.

The results indicate that while the client’s briefing effectiveness remained the top CSF among many nations, the other top CSFs in Malaysia D-B construction projects vastly differed compared to those countries. Moreover, the underlying components for successful D-B projects in Malaysia include the project management team, leader competency and “stakeholder” management.

This is one of the first studies that identify the CSFs for D-B implementation in the Malaysian construction industry. The outcomes provide a valuable reference and resource for academic scholars and construction practitioners to increase D-B implementation in the Malaysian private sector.

The tear strength (Ts) is a significant property for any kind of soft polymeric material such as rubber, elastomer, viscoelastic material and its composites, to quantify the suitability of a material for any shape memory applications. Many times, the soft elastomeric polymer material has to be capable enough to deform to a maximum extent of displacement but at the same time, it has to withstand the maximum load without fail. Along with shape recovery properties (i.e. the ability to recover its shape from programmed to the original), the success of the shape memory cycle is mainly depending on its stiffness and strength. It has to resist tear during stretching (i.e. programming stage) as repeatedly subjected to deformation, and, hence, it is important to study the tear behaviour for shape memory polymers (SMPs) and their composites. The purpose of the work is to investigate the effect of parameters on Ts of 4D printed specimen using Taguchi method.

The objective of the work is to tailor the Ts of SMPs by reinforcing the graphene nano particles (GNPs) in a blended photopolymer (PP) resin with flexible PP and hard PP resin. In this study, a total of nine experiments were designed based on the L9 orthogonal array (OA) using the design of experiments (DOEs). All the shape memory photopolymer composite’s (SMPPCs) specimens are fabricated using masked stereolithography (MSLA), also known as resin three-dimensional printing (R3DP) technique.

Specimens are tested using universal testing machine (UTM) for maximum tear force (F_max) and displacement (δ) caused by tearing the specimen to evaluate the strength against the tear. The results showed that the Wt.% of resin blend highly influenced both F_max and δ, while GNPs also had an impact on δ. The specimens are offering more tear resistance for those specimens blended with less Wt.% of flexible PP at the same time the specimens enable more δ for those specimens reinforced with 0.3 Wt.% GNPs at 10-s exposure time. The optimum combinations are A1, B1 and C3 for the F_max and T_s and at the same time A1, B3 and C3 for δ.

To customise the tear resistance of SMPPCs using MSLA 3 D printing, this study suggested a blend of PP resins reinforced with GNPs. This opens up a new path for creating novel, inexpensive multi-functional 4-dimensional (4D) printed parts.

The use of flexible PP and hard PP resin blends, fabricating the SMPPCs specimens using 3 D printed MSLA technology, investigating the effect of GNPs, resin blend and exposure time, optimizing the process parameters using Taguchi and the work were all validated using confirmation tests and regression analysis using test train method, which increases the originality and novelty.

This chapter shows how to identify the characteristics of borrowers that are part of a credit scoring model. The credit risk scoring model is an important tool for evaluating credit risk associated with customer characteristics that affect defaults. This research was conducted at a financial institution, a subsidiary of a commercial bank in Indonesia, to answer the challenge of determining the feasibility of providing financing quickly and accurately. This model uses a logistic regression method based on customer data with indicators of demographic characteristics, assets, occupations, and financing payments. This study identifies nine variables that meet the goodness of fit criteria, which consist of WOE, IV, and p-value. The nine variables can be used as predictors of default probability: type of work, work experience, net finance value, tenor, car brand, asset price, percentage of down payment (DP), interest, and income. The results of the study form a risk assessment model to identify variables that have a significant effect on the probability of default.

Using data from a mid-west public university, this study examines the determinants of students’ repeating the first college-level accounting course. More than 600 students are included in the study. The results show that three factors (cumulative college grade point average, intention to major in accounting, and students’ motivation and determination) are significant in explaining students’ repeating of the course. The study provides evidence that the repeating students are more likely to be the students with prior high school accounting education. The study identifies that repeating is not due to a student failing the course but rather that repeating is more likely to be an individual decision when the student is not satisfied with the grade he/she gets, either because he/she self-screens out of business school, or decides to repeat the course to stay in their business major. Finally, the study shows that there is little evidence of grade improvement when a student repeats the first college-level accounting course.

The gas assisted Iaser heating of engineering surfaces finds wide application in industry. Numerical simulation of the heating process may considerably reduce the cost spent on experimentation. In the present study, 2‐dimensional axisymmetric flow and energy equations are solved numerically using a control volume approach for the case of a gas assisted laser heating of steel surfaces. Various turbulence models including standard k‐ε, k‐ε YAP, low Reynolds number k‐ε and RSTM models are tested. The low Reynolds number k‐ε model is selected to account for the turbulence. Variable properties of both solid and gas are taken into account during the simulation. Air is considered as an assisting gas impinging the workpiece surface coaxially with the laser beam. In order to validate the presently considered methodology, the study is extended to include comparison of present predictions with analytical solution for the case available in the literature. It is found that the assisting gas jet has some influence on the temperature profiles. This effect is minimum at the irradiated spot center and it amplifies considerably in the gas side. In addition, account for the variable properties results in lower surface temperatures as compared to the constant properties case.