Edward T. Lee and Madonna E. Lee
Human beings are highly visual creatures. The neural nets in our brains are good at recognizing and retrieving visual patterns. An interesting aspect of human vision is that a…
Abstract
Human beings are highly visual creatures. The neural nets in our brains are good at recognizing and retrieving visual patterns. An interesting aspect of human vision is that a neural net may be recognizing a pattern that does not exist. In this paper, a triangle illusion with explanations is presented.
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Edward T. Lee and Madonna E. Lee
An improvement transformation is a transformation which has the following two properties, namely, (1) after applying it, all the already achieved subgoals are still being…
Abstract
An improvement transformation is a transformation which has the following two properties, namely, (1) after applying it, all the already achieved subgoals are still being accomplished and (2) additional new subgoals or partial new subgoals may be accomplished. By using improvement transformations, an intelligent problem‐solving method is presented with illustrative examples. This method consists of three parts: (1) goal decomposition and subgoal ordering; (2) successive improvement transformations; and (3) backtrack algorithms. The intelligent problem‐solving method using successive improvement transformations may have useful applications in goal decomposition, goal regression, genetic algorithms, robotics, and future expert system design.
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Edward T. Lee and Madonna E. Lee
The entity‐relationship approach is applied to similarity‐driven pictorial database design. The capabilities and the limitations of computers are presented. Advantages of the…
Abstract
The entity‐relationship approach is applied to similarity‐driven pictorial database design. The capabilities and the limitations of computers are presented. Advantages of the entity‐relationship approach, and similarity‐driven pictorial database design are also presented. Classification of pictures, similarity‐driven face databases, chromosome databases, leukocyte databases are investigated. Quantitative measure of equal‐perimeter circular shape, equal‐area circular shape, elongated, spiculed, indented, slightly indented, and deeply indented leukocytes are also investigated. The entity‐relationship diagrams of a house, a house with high roof, and a church are shown as illustrative examples of this approach. The class of elongated isosceles triangles is viewed as a “fuzzy entity”. Topics for future research are also stated. The results have useful applications in data engineering, knowledge engineering, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, fuzzy language theory, computer graphics, expert systems and pictorial database design.
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Edward T. Lee and Madonna E. Lee
Gray code is a code with the property that there is one and only one bit‐change between any two neighboring numbers. An algorithm for generating gray codes is presented. It turns…
Abstract
Gray code is a code with the property that there is one and only one bit‐change between any two neighboring numbers. An algorithm for generating gray codes is presented. It turns out that there are other codes which have the same characteristics as gray codes. We call this class of codes generalized gray code (GGC). More precisely, a GGC is a code which has both the reflective property and the unit distance property. Algorithms for generating n‐bit GGC from the (n – 1)‐bit GGC are presented with illustrative examples. It is found that the number of n‐bit GGC is equal to 2n times the number of (n – 1)‐bit GGC. GGC generation trees are used to find GGC. Shows that GGC may be used in the two cases: where 1: gray code cannot be used, and as 2: member of the GGC is better suited than the gray code. Deduces that through the use of GGC, we have more choices than using just gray codes, and that we may obtain better results in terms of fan‐in, fan‐out, propagation delays, power consumption, or other related constraints in designing digital systems. The results obtained in this paper may also have useful applications in implementing special logic functions such as fuzzy threshold functions or fuzzy symmetric functions.
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Future medical expert systems deal with medical expert systems with the following characteristics: (1) simulate the performance of several human experts; (2) deal with patients…
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Future medical expert systems deal with medical expert systems with the following characteristics: (1) simulate the performance of several human experts; (2) deal with patients having chronic diseases; (3) deal with patients having several diseases simultaneously. In this communication, the interactions of medical expert systems are discussed. Interactions regarding diet program, exercise program, and medication are presented with illustrative examples. Medication interactions, side‐effects, and new medications are also presented with examples.
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Alice Madonna, Albachiara Boffelli and Matteo Kalchschmidt
This study builds on the panarchy theory by viewing the supply chain as a socio-ecological system and further expands it by considering the within-level linkages internal to the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study builds on the panarchy theory by viewing the supply chain as a socio-ecological system and further expands it by considering the within-level linkages internal to the supply chain level. Three types of linkages are considered: the two cross-level linkages with the planetary and the political-economic levels and the supply chain within-level linkages. The research questions are addressed using the data gathered by the Carbon Disclosure Project within its Supply Chain Programme.
Design/methodology/approach
This work aims to study, applying the lens of panarchy theory, how the planetary and the political-economic levels affect the supply chain within-level linkages for sustainability. Furthermore, the difference in how these cross-level linkages influence focal firms and first-tier suppliers is explored.
Findings
The results show that considering the planetary-supply chain linkage, climate change risk exposure is likelier to foster within-level linkages with buyers than with suppliers. Further, climate change mitigation investments have different roles in the different tiers: focal firms are pushed to strengthen the linkages with their suppliers when they lose efficacy in improving their carbon performance, whereas first-tier suppliers exploit investments to gain legitimacy. Discussing the political-economic level effect, perceptions from first-tier suppliers could be two-fold: they could perceive a mandating power mechanism or exploit policymakers’ knowledge to advance their capabilities.
Originality/value
The results contribute to the sustainable supply chain management literature by providing empirical evidence of the cross-level linkages theorised by the panarchy theory. Moreover, the concept of within-level linkages is proposed to apply the theory in this field.
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Shahzeb Hussain, Olga Pascaru, Constantinos Vasilios Priporas, Pantea Foroudi, T.C. Melewar and Charles Dennis
This study aims to examine the effects of celebrity negative publicity on attitude towards brand, corporation, brand reputation and corporate reputation, both directly and through…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the effects of celebrity negative publicity on attitude towards brand, corporation, brand reputation and corporate reputation, both directly and through the moderating effects of social media involvement, brand commitment, identification and attribution (both types). Associative network theory has been used to explain these effects.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative survey of 550 respondents was carried out in London and surrounding areas. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data.
Findings
The findings suggest that celebrity negative publicity affects brand reputation and corporate reputation. Further, the moderating effects of social media involvement and brand commitment on attitude towards brand and corporation, identification on attitude towards brand, attribution types on attitude towards corporation were not found.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to examine the effects of celebrity negative publicity on attitudes towards brand, attitude towards corporation, brand reputation and corporation reputation, directly, and through the moderating effects of attribution (both types), identification, commitment and social media. Findings from this study will minimise the gap in the literature on the topic and will help managers and policymakers to understand the effects of celebrity negative publicity in detail.
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Timothy J. Dowd, Kathleen Liddle and Maureen
Research on creative workers speaks to the relative lack of job opportunities available, the role that changing production logics play in shaping such opportunities, and gender…
Abstract
Research on creative workers speaks to the relative lack of job opportunities available, the role that changing production logics play in shaping such opportunities, and gender disparities in success. Tracking 22,561 hits found on Billboard's mainstream charts, we examine various factors that may spur or hamper the success of female recording acts. We find that the expanding logic of decentralized production eliminates the negative effect of concentration on the success of female acts and that the presence of successful female acts in one period bodes well for subsequent female acts, until a glass ceiling of sorts is reached.