M. Anuar Adnan, Supian Ali and Anuwar Ali
This paper will examine the challenges of the globalisation process on the Malaysian economy and the role of the state and the private sector and their state of competitiveness in…
Abstract
This paper will examine the challenges of the globalisation process on the Malaysian economy and the role of the state and the private sector and their state of competitiveness in meeting the challenges. Issues relating to the enhancement of technological capability, the role of education, training and R&D will be examined in greater depth with respect to the country's quest for industrial nation status by the year 2020.
A.M. Obalalu, E.O. Fatunmbi, J.K. Madhukesh, S.H.A.M. Shah, Umair Khan, Anuar Ishak and Taseer Muhammad
Recent advancements in technology have led to the exploration of solar-based thermal radiation and nanotechnology in the field of fluid dynamics. Solar energy is captured through…
Abstract
Purpose
Recent advancements in technology have led to the exploration of solar-based thermal radiation and nanotechnology in the field of fluid dynamics. Solar energy is captured through sunlight absorption, acting as the primary source of heat. Various solar technologies, such as solar water heating and photovoltaic cells, rely on solar energy for heat generation. This study focuses on investigating heat transfer mechanisms by utilizing a hybrid nanofluid within a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) to advance research in solar ship technology. The model incorporates multiple effects that are detailed in the formulation.
Design/methodology/approach
The mathematical model is transformed using suitable similarity transformations into a system of higher-order nonlinear differential equations. The model was solved by implementing a numerical procedure based on the Wavelets and Chebyshev wavelet method for simulating the outcome.
Findings
The velocity profile is reduced by Deborah's number and velocity slip parameter. The Ag-EG nanoparticles mixture demonstrates less smooth fluid flow compared to the significantly smoother fluid flow of the Ag-Fe3O4/EG hybrid nanofluids (HNFs). Additionally, the Ag-Ethylene Glycol nanofluids (NFs) exhibit higher radiative performance compared to the Ag-Fe3O4/Ethylene Glycol hybrid nanofluids (HNFs).
Practical implications
Additionally, the Oldroyd-B hybrid nanofluid demonstrates improved thermal conductivity compared to traditional fluids, making it suitable for use in cooling systems and energy applications in the maritime industry.
Originality/value
The originality of the study lies in the exploration of the thermal transport enhancement in sun-powered energy ships through the incorporation of silver-magnetite hybrid nanoparticles within the heat transfer fluid circulating in parabolic trough solar collectors. This particular aspect has not been thoroughly researched previously. The findings have been validated and provide a highly positive comparison with the research papers.
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Adnan Muhammad Shah, Xiangbin Yan, Syed Asad Ali Shah and Mudassar Ali
The latest mobile technology may shape consumers' motivations by allowing them to order a variety of foods using smartphone apps. Following the stimulus–organism–response (SOR…
Abstract
Purpose
The latest mobile technology may shape consumers' motivations by allowing them to order a variety of foods using smartphone apps. Following the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) framework and using a mixed methods approach, this study investigates the impacts of different components of mobile dining on customers' perceived value, which leads to actual purchase intentions. Furthermore, this study examines the moderating effect of the restaurant type.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected via an online questionnaire survey from 351 individuals in the city of Jakarta (Indonesia) who actually used mobile apps to order food online. Data analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling.
Findings
The findings reveal that source credibility, review valence, the navigation system, food quality and service quality significantly impact customers' perceived value. Customers' perceived value, in turn, positively affects their purchase intentions. The findings also reveal that the impacts of review valence, the navigation system, food quality and service quality on customers' perceived value depend on the different levels of restaurants.
Originality/value
This study is among the first in the mobile commerce research that studies the impacts of mobile electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), system quality and overall restaurant image on dining choices by considering actual mobile shoppers. Second, this study extends the SOR model to examine the impact of the mobile environment-based characteristics on the perceived value that leads to purchase intentions. Third, the current study examines whether the relationships that are discussed early on differ based on the restaurant type. The findings of this study could help practitioners achieve a deeper understanding of diners' behaviors due to the perceived benefits of mobile dining.
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Iskandar Waini, Umair Khan, Aurang Zaib, Anuar Ishak and Ioan Pop
This study aims to investigate the micropolar fluid flow through a moving flat plate containing CoFe2O4-TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles with the substantial influence of thermophoresis…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the micropolar fluid flow through a moving flat plate containing CoFe2O4-TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles with the substantial influence of thermophoresis particle deposition and viscous dissipation.
Design/methodology/approach
The partial differential equations are converted to the similarity equations of a particular form through the similarity variables. Numerical outcomes are computed by applying the built-in program bvp4c in MATLAB. The process of flow, heat and mass transfers phenomena are examined for several physical aspects such as the hybrid nanoparticles, micropolar parameter, the thermophoresis particle deposition and the viscous dissipation.
Findings
The friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates are higher with an increment of 1.4%, 2.2% and 1.4%, respectively, in the presence of the hybrid nanoparticles (with 2% volume fraction). However, they are declined because of the rise of the micropolar parameter. The imposition of viscous dissipation reduces the heat transfer rate, significantly. Meanwhile, thermophoresis particle deposition boosts the mass transfer. Multiple solutions are developed for a certain range of physical parameters. Lastly, the first solution is shown to be stable and reliable physically.
Originality/value
As far as the authors have concerned, no work on thermophoresis particle deposition of hybrid nanoparticles on micropolar flow through a moving flat plate with viscous dissipation effect has been reported in the literature. Most importantly, this current study reported the stability analysis of the non-unique solutions and, therefore, fills the gap of the study and contributes to new outcomes in this particular problem.
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Khairul Anuar Kamarudin, Akmalia Mohamad Ariff, Nurul Azlin Azmi and Mohd Taufik Mohd Suffian
This study aims to examine the nonlinear effects of board size and board independence on the corporate sustainability performance of listed firms worldwide.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the nonlinear effects of board size and board independence on the corporate sustainability performance of listed firms worldwide.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the global environmental, social and governance (ESG) dataset from the Thomson Reuters database, which includes a sample of 23,766 firm-year observations from 33 countries from 2011 to 2022.
Findings
The results indicate that board size and independence have positive impacts on corporate sustainability performance; however, these relationships are nonlinear. The authors find an inverted U-shaped relationship for board size. After the optimal point, the positive relationship between board size and corporate sustainability performance becomes negative. Board independence, however, has a positive exponential relationship in which the positive effect increases exponentially after the optimal point. The results are robust to a battery of tests, including alternative measures for corporate sustainability performance, board independence and different estimation procedures.
Research limitations/implications
This study illustrates empirical evidence on the nonlinear effect of board size and board independence on corporate sustainability performance, which explains the mixed evidence involving board size and independence in corporate sustainability literature and offers a complementary research approach in the literature on board dynamics.
Practical implications
This study has practical implications for investors aiming for sustainable and ethical investment choices, as they should be mindful of matters relating to board composition, particularly the appointment of independent directors and ideal board size.
Originality/value
Extensive empirical evidence has examined the relationship between corporate governance variables and corporate sustainability performance. This study introduces the effect of the nonlinear relationship between board size and board independence on corporate sustainability performance using international evidence.
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Khairul Anuar Kamarudin, Wan Adibah Wan Ismail, Iman Harymawan and Akmalia Mohamad Ariff
This study aims to examine the effect of audit firm tenure (AFT) on corporate tax avoidance (CTA) and the moderating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of audit firm tenure (AFT) on corporate tax avoidance (CTA) and the moderating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample comprises 41,074 firm-year observations from 32 countries from 2015 to 2020, for which data are collected from various sources: financial data from the Refinitiv database, country corporate tax rates from the Tax Foundation, and other country-level data from the World Bank database. The authors use the book tax difference to measure CTA and multiple proxies for AFT.
Findings
This study finds that a longer AFT is associated with higher CTA, confirming the notion that long AFT impairs auditor independence. The findings remain robust when considering various AFT proxies, incorporating Hofstede’s cultural factors, using weighted least-squares estimation and addressing endogeneity through propensity score matching. This study also finds a non-linear relationship between extended client and auditor relationships and CTA, supporting the mandatory audit firm rotation regulation and increasing investors’ caution regarding the consequences of extended client–auditor relationships on firm behaviour.
Research limitations/implications
This study offers new evidence on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the link between AFT and CTA and documents a non-linear relationship between AFT, which has not been addressed in prior studies.
Practical implications
The findings of this study have several significant practical implications. First, governments and policymakers gain insights into the consequences of extended auditor–client relationships, hence calling for a review of auditing and taxation regulations. Second, the findings provide important insights into the issue of auditor independence, especially during long engagements and crises such as COVID-19. Finally, investors and tax authorities should be more cautious about the risks of aggressive tax avoidance during crisis periods.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use a global data set to investigate the effect of AFT on CTA during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Ahmed Adnan Zaid, Mohammed Othman, Ihab Sameer Qubbaj and Ahmed Riyad Asaad
The paper aims to study the influence of Industry 4.0 technologies on the business sustainability of private hospitals by focusing on the mediating role of total quality…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to study the influence of Industry 4.0 technologies on the business sustainability of private hospitals by focusing on the mediating role of total quality management practices in private hospitals in the West Bank.
Design/methodology/approach
Data from the top and middle managers of private hospitals in the West Bank regions of Palestine were collected through a questionnaire assessed for validity and reliability. Furthermore, we used the structural equation modelling technique of partial least squares for the data analysis.
Findings
The findings confirm that Industry 4.0 technologies do not affect business sustainability. The findings also emphasise the association between Industry 4.0 technologies and total quality management philosophy, and total quality management completely mediates the relationship between Industry 4.0 and business sustainability.
Practical implications
This study provides practical implications for achieving the hospital sector's sustainability by merging Industry 4.0 technologies with total quality management practices, which provides valuable insights into the hospital's policies and practices and individuals vital to data exchange and policy enforcement within the sustainability of organisations.
Originality/value
This study is one of the first to investigate the combined effects of Industry 4.0 technologies, total quality management and business sustainability in the healthcare industry following the COVID-19 outbreak. This research is one of few empirical works exploring the interface between Industry 4.0 technologies and total quality management in developing countries, specifically Palestine.
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Dariyoush Jamshidi and Fazlollah Kazemi
One of the main challenge when launching new banking services is to overcome resistance to change so as to accelerate market acceptance. This is the case of an Islamic credit card…
Abstract
Purpose
One of the main challenge when launching new banking services is to overcome resistance to change so as to accelerate market acceptance. This is the case of an Islamic credit card (ICC). Grounded in innovation diffusion theory (IDT) and theory of reasoned action (TRA), this paper aims to study the purposes and empirically tests an integrated model to explore, which factors influence of ICC.
Design/methodology/approach
Partial least squares and structural equation modeling was used to assess the hypotheses. Accordingly, the empirical results, obtained in a sample of 762 bank customers.
Findings
Intentions to use of ICC are mostly determined by relative advantage, compatibility, customer awareness, satisfaction and attitude. The combination of IDT and TRA significantly explain the ICC adoption.
Originality/value
This research has provided a theoretical understanding of the ICC adoption determinants with the intent of promoting a more in-depth understanding of various elements influencing acceptance and usage of this Islamic banking service.
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This paper aims to achieve scale, efficiency and mitigate high monitoring costs, and explores the efficacy of micro equity finance at the enterprise level. The study compares the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to achieve scale, efficiency and mitigate high monitoring costs, and explores the efficacy of micro equity finance at the enterprise level. The study compares the economic features of the proposed framework with interest-based debt finance.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a mathematical model to highlight the problem of agency costs including adverse selection and moral hazard.
Findings
Debt finance requires frequent repayments and indebtedness for financial inclusion. Conversely, the Islamic equity modes of financing in their current baseline structure suffer from high agency costs. By using enterprise level finance and distinct entry criterion for availing Islamic debt-based and micro equity finance, Islamic microfinance institutions (IMFIs) can reach the right targets and effectively mitigate the problem of adverse selection and high monitoring costs. The study suggests a framework in which equity financing could be used to fund microenterprises that will employ poor people with related skills.
Research limitations/implications
As the preferable modes of Islamic finance, i.e. Musharakah and Mudarabah, are not used by Islamic financial institutions (IFIs), empirical analysis of performance is not possible as they are rarely used.
Practical implications
The study suggests a workable model that can use Islamic equity-based modes of financing to improve microfinance outreach and achieve scale. The use of equity financing will help the Islamic finance industry to move toward its egalitarian vision, and the practical implementation of the model will help in reducing poverty in the Muslim majority countries.
Social implications
Muslim countries host half of global poverty, even though their share in global population is only one-fourth. Hence, there is need for solutions in achieving scale in poverty alleviation efforts.
Originality/value
Using a mathematical model, the paper presents agency problems in Islamic microfinance and proposes a solution through distinct entry criterion and enterprise level micro equity finance.