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The purpose of this study is to reveal the underlying mechanism in film formation of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion.

This study focuses on the film forming characteristics of O/W emulsion between the surface of a steel ball and a glass disc coated with chromium. The lubricant film thicknesses of O/W emulsion with various mechanical stirring strength were discussed, which were observed by technique of relative optical interference intensity.

The authors directly observed the oil pool in the contact area, finding the size of oil pool was closely related to the film-forming ability of emulsion. Enrichment phenomenon occurs in oil pool, which was caused by phase inversion. Further investigations revealed that the emulsion is stable with strong stirring strength, resulting in a smaller oil pool size and worse film forming ability.

With the wide usage of O/W emulsion in both biological and industrial systems, the ability of emulsion film formation is considered as an important factor to evaluate the lubrication effectiveness.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-12-2022-0354/

This study aims to satisfy the thermal management of gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices, microchannel-cooling is designed and optimized in this work.

A numerical simulation is performed to analyze the thermal and flow characteristics of microchannels in combination with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is used to optimize the microchannels parameters. The design variables include width and number of microchannels, and the optimization objectives are to minimize total thermal resistance and pressure drop under constant volumetric flow rate.

In optimization process, a decrease in pressure drop contributes to increase of thermal resistance leading to high junction temperature and vice versa. And the Pareto-optimal front, which is a trade-off curve between optimization objectives, is obtained by MOEA method. Finally, K-means clustering algorithm is carried out on Pareto-optimal front, and three representative points are proposed to verify the accuracy of the model.

Each design variable on the effect of two objectives and distribution of temperature is researched. The relationship between minimum thermal resistance and pressure drop is provided which can give some fundamental direction for microchannels design in GaN HEMT devices cooling.

The development of information technologies has fueled the emergence of online self-organizing teams that involve members with diverse backgrounds to work on a shared goal voluntarily. However, the differences in members' attributes give rise to diversity. Therefore, the authors’ research is to figure out how diversity affects team performance in the context of online self-organizing teams and how this effect changes over team tenure.

The authors use a dynamic approach to the diversity-team performance relationship and collect a publicly longitudinal dataset on 3,970 collaborative items from 2,550 online self-organizing teams spanning nine years in an open innovation community of an online game.

The empirical results show that culture separation is negatively related to team performance, and this negative relationship weakens as team tenure increases. While skill variety and contribution disparity are positively related to team performance, and these positive relationships strengthen as team tenure increases.

The study provides a research framework to examine the relationship between diversity and team performance and explore how this relationship varies over team tenure in the context of online self-organizing teams. The results not only demonstrate the double-edged role of diversity in affecting the success of online self-organizing teams but also advance the understanding on the temporal effect of diversity on team performance.

This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives. The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor, maximize the utilization of train adhesion within the total torque command, reduce the train skidding/sliding phenomenon and achieve optimal adhesion utilization for each axle, thus realizing the optimal allocation of the multi-motor electric locomotives.

In this study, a model predictive control (MPC)-based cooperative maximum adhesion tracking control method for multi-motor electric locomotives is presented. Firstly, train traction system with multiple motors is constructed in accordance with Newton’s second law. These equations include the train dynamics equations, the axle dynamics equations, and the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient equations. Then, a new MPC-based multi-axle adhesion co-optimization method is put forward. This method calculates the optimal output torque through real-time iteration based on the known reference slip speed to achieve multi-axle co-optimization under different circumstances.

This paper presents a MPC system designed for the cooperative control of multi-axle adhesion. The results indicate that the proposed control system is able to optimize the adhesion of multiple axles under numerous different conditions and achieve the optimal power distribution based on the reduction of train skidding/sliding.

This study presents a novel cooperative adhesion tracking control scheme. It is designed for multi-motor electric locomotives, which has rarely been studied before. And simulations are carried out in different conditions, including variable surfaces and motor failing.

The purpose of this study is to examine the evolving landscape of e-learning, which has become a transformative educational approach accelerated by technological advancements and the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to explore the adoption and impact of e-learning across diverse educational settings, focusing on its effectiveness, quality and potential challenges. Furthermore, this research delves into the often-overlooked role of psychological resources and capabilities, particularly Psychological Capital (PsyCap), in enhancing academic performance among university students engaged in e-learning. By investigating the influence of psychological resources and their intersection with e-learning, this study seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors that shape successful e-learning experiences and academic achievement.

In this research methodology, data was collected from an e-learning institution, with a focus on students in various computer science semesters to ensure comprehensive representation. To minimize standard method bias, a random sampling technique was employed, and data collection was conducted with the support of locally hired research associates. Participant confidentiality and anonymity were carefully preserved, and ethical approval was obtained. The study began with demographic data collection and an assessment of PsyCap dimensions. Most measurements were self-reported, except for GPA, retrieved from the institute directly. The study initially involved 468 students, but only 213 provided complete responses, resulting in a 46% response rate. Demographic data included age, marital status and gender. The sample featured diverse generational representation, with 58% from Generation Z, 13% Millennials, 22% Generation X and 6% Baby Boomers. This comprehensive data will help analyse generational influences on e-learning outcomes.

The study’s findings underscore the significance of self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism in e-learning success. Higher self-efficacy positively impacts student engagement, aligning with previous research. PsyCap, which includes these traits, proves relevant in educational settings. Resilience is notably beneficial, aiding students in overcoming challenges and bolstering their self-belief. Hope enhances problem-solving and adaptability, while optimism fosters a proactive attitude and perseverance, both vital for academic excellence. These insights have broad implications for e-learning practices, emphasizing the need to nurture psychological resources. Incorporating PsyCap-based interventions can enhance the educational experience, promoting student success.

This study has certain limitations that should be considered. It focused exclusively on computer science students, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research should encompass a wider range of academic disciplines for broader applicability. The study was conducted within a specific cultural and regional context, emphasizing a collectivist culture in an Asian setting. To enhance the applicability of the results, it is crucial to explore different regions and cultural contexts. While the study controlled for generational cohort effects on academic performance, further investigation is warranted to understand how different generational cohorts perceive e-learning. Additionally, the study suggests examining how psychological resources influence students' perceptions of e-learning as a stressor or motivator. Furthermore, a comprehensive study comparing the impact of PsyCap on academic performance in both e-learning and traditional education, involving diverse samples and various cultural settings, is needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding.

This research contributes by thoroughly examining the impact of e-learning in diverse educational settings, focusing on its effectiveness, quality and potential challenges. A novel aspect is the exploration of the often-overlooked role of PsyCap in enhancing academic performance among university students engaged in e-learning. This sheds light on the intersection of psychological resources and e-learning. Additionally, the study’s rigorous research methodology underscores its commitment to ethical and responsible research conduct. The research also presents valuable demographic data on generational cohorts and gender, offering insights into how these factors influence e-learning outcomes. These original contributions collectively enhance our understanding of the multifaceted dynamics of e-learning and the pivotal role of psychological resources in academic success.

The authors analyze the expansion of Big Data and artificial intelligence technologies from the perspective of economic theory. The authors argue that these technologies can be viewed from three perspectives: (1) as an intangible asset; (2) as a search and matching technology; and (3) as a forecasting technology. These points of view shed light on how new technologies are likely to affect matching between firms and consumers, productivity growth, price discrimination, competition, inequality among firms, and inequality among workers.

Depression has become one of the most serious and prevalent mental health problems worldwide. The rise and popularity of social networks such as microblogs provides a wealth of psychological data for early depression detection. Language use patterns reflect emotional states and psychological traits. Differences in language use between depressed and general users may help predict and diagnose early depression. Existing work focuses on depression detection using users' social textual emotion expressions, with less psychology-related knowledge.

In this paper, we propose an RNN-capsule-based depression detection method for microblog users that improves depression detection accuracy in social texts by combining textual emotional information with knowledge related to depression pathology. Specifically, we design a multi-classification RNN capsule that enhances emotion expression features in utterances and improves classification performance of depression-related emotional features. Based on user emotion annotations over time, we use integrated learning to detect depression in a user’s social text by combining the analysis results with components such as emotion change vector, emotion causality analysis, depression lexicon and the presence of surprising emotions.

In our experiments, we test the accuracy of RNN capsules for emotion classification tasks and then validate the effectiveness of different depression detection components. Finally, we achieved 83% depression detection accuracy on real datasets.

The paper overcomes the limitations of social text-based depression detection by incorporating more psychological background knowledge to enhance the early detection success rate of depression.

Academic adjustment is an important indicator which represents the students' academic achievements. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the fundamental role of academic adjustment for the success of student's by considering the influence of several psychological, motivational and behavioral factors that affect the academic adjustment of students in the university which then influences the students' academic achievements.

Data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires from 409 students enrolled in a Business degree program in an academic institution by using a convenience sampling technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique has been applied for analyzing the data and the proposed hypothesis.

Results obtained from partial least square (PLS)-SEM analysis indicated that academic adjustment is affected by psychological, motivational and behavioral factors and in turn influences the outcomes of success. Moreover, the findings also showed that psychological and motivational factors, directly and indirectly via partial mediation of adjustment, and behavioral factors via full mediation of academic adjustment influences the outcomes of success.

The study implies that it is important for university policymakers that they should give great priority to fully exploiting its potential to facilitate student's effective adjustment to academic life. Universities should pay attention to enhancing the academic study skills of students which leads to gains in academic achievement. Furthermore, universities should integrate self-regulated skills and provides motivation to students which is the biggest contributor toward adjustment as well as this study broadens the understanding of psychological capital as a resource that enhances academic adjustment.

Very little attention has been given to examining the role of academic adjustment in the success of students. Therefore, the present study makes two contributions to this research. First, the study broadens the understanding of psychological capital with the potential to strengthen adjustment with academic life in domains, i.e. academic achievement and institutional adjustment. Second, the study identifies which motivational and behavioral factors affect academic adjustment and achievement.

This article presents a theoretical and empirical discussion of the way in which computer technologies (the internet) influence the production of sexuality, sexual fantasies, and specific sexual behaviors. This discussion is based on the case study of an Israeli website for sexual encounters, which its users say has brought out (or enabled) a specific sexuality that would not have emerged were it not for the new technology. This article focuses on a particular population from among the sites users: married men who surf the site to find men with whom to have one-off sexual encounters, and who report a positive experience of “life in the closet.” A total of 34 men were interviewed, 6 face-to-face and 28 in online interviews. The findings include three main accounts: (1) most of the interviewees said that the new technology (the website) enabled them to invent a new existential category, that of “married straight men who sometimes have sexual encounters with other men.” This category is seen as enabling a new sexuality, or a sexuality that would not have been enacted were it not for the internet; (2) the interviewees spoke of how “life in the closet,” and in particular entering and exiting it (which was called a “zigzag sexuality” or the “revolving doors of the closet”), creates an experience of a vital sexuality that fits in with their marriage to a woman and their life as a “straight” man; (3) many interviewees explained how the technology enabled them to keep their sexuality secret, where the secrecy itself was said to create a unique sexual desire. The discussion section shows how the new technology enables individuals to invent a new sexuality, to enact unique sexual fantasies, and to maintain an alternative self, or alternative components of their concept of self.