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Publication date: 10 December 2024

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Neurodiversity and Entrepreneurship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-798-3

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Article
Publication date: 27 April 2012

Lizabeth A. Barclay, Karen S. Markel and Jennifer E. Yugo

This research aims to apply virtue theory to the under‐employment problem of persons with disabilities (PWD). Historically, PWD have been under‐employed within society and…

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Abstract

Purpose

This research aims to apply virtue theory to the under‐employment problem of persons with disabilities (PWD). Historically, PWD have been under‐employed within society and discriminated against in the workplace. The authors review virtue theory research and illustrate how it can be used to better support the meaningful employment of PWD.

Design/methodology/approach

This research reviews the current literature in the areas of virtue theory and the employment challenges of PWD to create a new framework that can assist in the integration of PWD into the workplace.

Findings

Literature on the employment of PWD indicates that significant differences exist in the employment experiences between PWD and persons without disabilities (PWOD). Problems such as stigmatization impede the integration of PWD into the work environment. The review of the virtue theory literature supports the development of a new framework that provides additional ways to address this ongoing problem.

Practical implications

This paper suggests human resource management practices that virtuous organizations could use to address the problem of the under‐employment and stigmatization of PWD.

Originality/value

No research currently applies virtue theory to the under‐employment problem of persons with disabilities.

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Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 27 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-3946

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Book part
Publication date: 10 December 2024

Rachel Torres, Marianna Schroeder and Amy Jane Griffiths

Autistic individuals are employed and access higher education opportunities at significantly lower rates than their nondisabled peers (US Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS], 2023;…

Abstract

Autistic individuals are employed and access higher education opportunities at significantly lower rates than their nondisabled peers (US Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS], 2023; Newman, 2015). Schools are an optimal setting for intervention as most individuals access the school setting. However, traditional support to facilitate postsecondary transition effectively, such as transition plans, is currently lacking (Greene, 2018; Hughes et al., 2023). The authors of the present chapter conducted a systematic review to identify school-based interventions available for autistic youth intended to support the transition from high school to higher education, entrepreneurship, and employment. The data extraction methods used by the authors identified 19 articles on interventions. Across all studies, the authors found variation in the extent to which researchers addressed entrepreneurial skills and identified two key skill development areas across different intervention modalities: employability skills and interpersonal communication skills. Based on these results, the authors discuss available school-based programming intended to prepare autistic youth for postsecondary careers and entrepreneurial opportunities and the implications of existing interventions for practitioners and researchers interested in improving outcomes for autistic students as they transition to the workplace, particularly entrepreneurial endeavors.

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Neurodiversity and Entrepreneurship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-798-3

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Publication date: 10 December 2024

Eric Patton

This chapter focuses on the contextual conditions around which entrepreneurship is a positive option for individuals on the autism spectrum. Drawing on omnibus and discrete…

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This chapter focuses on the contextual conditions around which entrepreneurship is a positive option for individuals on the autism spectrum. Drawing on omnibus and discrete context (Johns, 2006) and on research on other forms for neurodiversity and entrepreneurship, this chapter explains the who, what, where, when, and why of entrepreneurship and autism. Aimed at encouraging future scholarship in this under-research area, the chapter underlines the connections between entrepreneurship and common characteristics of individuals on the spectrum, issues of motivation and self-efficacy, the option of social entrepreneurship, and the importance of formal and informal support networks.

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Neurodiversity and Entrepreneurship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-798-3

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Book part
Publication date: 10 December 2024

Sharon Zivkovic

The term neurodiversity is used to discuss human neurological variation, differences in human cognition, and a social movement that aims to change the way that society views and…

Abstract

The term neurodiversity is used to discuss human neurological variation, differences in human cognition, and a social movement that aims to change the way that society views and responds to people who are neurodivergent. While the cognitive differences associated with autism are often discussed in terms of deficits, in recent years autistic autism researchers have been reframing autistic cognition from a neurodiversity-affirming lens that illuminates autistic strengths. Based on characteristics of autistic cognition from a neurodiversity-affirming perspective, this chapter describes neurodiversity-affirming autistic social entrepreneurship and systems thinking approaches and argues that all autistic-owned and -led businesses that align with the mission of the neurodiversity movement are by definition social enterprises. It is hoped that this chapter will assist in reframing autistic cognition from its current deficit conception and encourage the development of business support services that are more appropriate for autistic social entrepreneurs.

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Neurodiversity and Entrepreneurship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-798-3

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Publication date: 10 December 2024

Michael Brown and Anica Zeyen

This chapter suggests that self-employment or entrepreneurship can constitute an alternative to employment for neurodivergent people. While this is a suitable and successful…

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This chapter suggests that self-employment or entrepreneurship can constitute an alternative to employment for neurodivergent people. While this is a suitable and successful option for many, we explore the experience of one entrepreneur who was, and remains, very reluctant in his entrepreneurial endeavors. We use Michael's firsthand autobiographical accounts to showcase his struggle before and during entrepreneurship and its impact on his physical and mental health. We conclude with some reflections on his experience and highlight what the literature on neurodivergent entrepreneurs can learn from it.

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Neurodiversity and Entrepreneurship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-798-3

Keywords

Available. Content available
Book part
Publication date: 10 December 2024

Free Access. Free Access

Abstract

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Neurodiversity and Entrepreneurship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-798-3

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Book part
Publication date: 10 December 2024

Carolin Auschra and Johanna Mai

This literature review provides an overview of previous research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and entrepreneurship. After introducing the relevance of the…

Abstract

This literature review provides an overview of previous research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and entrepreneurship. After introducing the relevance of the topic and discussing different perspectives on ADHD and entrepreneurship, this chapter reviews 26 academic journal publications. In the first step, it reports how authors of empirical studies have measured ADHD and reveals a dominance of quantitative research designs. In the second step, it presents insights from previous research on ADHD and the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur, the relationship between ADHD and entrepreneurial intentions or preferences, the translation of entrepreneurial preferences into entrepreneurial actions, and finally, ADHD and entrepreneurial performance. The literature review finds that previous research has not yet provided conclusive results on the relations between ADHD and entrepreneurship. In the third step, therefore, this chapter outlines avenues for further research.

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Neurodiversity and Entrepreneurship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-798-3

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Book part
Publication date: 10 December 2024

Caroline Demeyère

Business incubators (BIs) represent a significant category of entrepreneurial support organizations. They provide support to entrepreneurs engaged in traditional and social…

Abstract

Business incubators (BIs) represent a significant category of entrepreneurial support organizations. They provide support to entrepreneurs engaged in traditional and social ventures. They can facilitate the development of inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems by linking entrepreneurs and stakeholders. However, incubators struggle to promote diversity and inclusion among their cohorts, and to ensure equal access to their support. There has been recent growing attention to supporting underrepresented entrepreneurs. In this context, neurodiversity has gained considerable attention. Consequently, specialized incubators and programs targeting neurodiverse entrepreneurs have emerged, and BIs have widely adopted explicit communication strategies to attract neurodiverse candidates. Considering these initiatives, this chapter explores how BIs can support neurodiverse individuals during their entrepreneurial journeys. The qualitative method uses semi-directive interviews with neurodiverse entrepreneurs to understand their experiences and expectations regarding BIs. The data was analyzed through inductive coding, resulting in three themes: (1) Specific yet diverse needs of neurodiverse entrepreneurs; (2) Visions of neurodiverse entrepreneurship; and (3) Representation of neurodiverse entrepreneurs. Findings show that neurodiverse entrepreneurs place significant hope in incubators to address the specific challenges they experience. However, to achieve their full potential in fostering an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem, incubators must be mindful of unintentionally reinforcing stereotypes, stigmatization, and hierarchization of neurodiverse individuals. Incubators should diversify the role models for neurodiverse entrepreneurs they promote and broaden the perspectives on neurodiverse entrepreneurship. The implications of intersectional identities on neurodiverse individuals' experience of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial support should be considered. Involving neurodiverse entrepreneurs in the design and governance of incubation programs is important.

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Book part
Publication date: 10 December 2024

Amy K. Izuno-Garcia and Antonio F. Pagán

Currently, transition-age youth on the autism spectrum face a loss of access to services. They are at risk for a number of difficulties, including reduced meaningful…

Abstract

Currently, transition-age youth on the autism spectrum face a loss of access to services. They are at risk for a number of difficulties, including reduced meaningful relationships, internalizing and externalizing problems, and problems with adaptive skills. In the United States, young adults are expected to either attend postsecondary education and/or pursue gainful employment. However, neurodivergent individuals face barriers and often have difficulties meeting these societal expectations. The following chapter will highlight ways that employers and entrepreneurs can support neurodivergent individuals, including meaningful accommodations and inclusive practices.

Details

Neurodiversity and Entrepreneurship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-798-3

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