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The main purpose of this study was to investigate how the experiential value of lodging tourists affected the relationship between authentic happiness and behavioural intention.

A purposive sampling technique was adopted for Taiwanese tourists with lodging experience during the 2017 Taipei International Travel Fair; and utilises confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM) to validate the suitability of questionnaire items, model fit, and the proposed hypotheses.

The results demonstrated that experiential value significantly and positively influenced authentic happiness. The mediating effect of authentic happiness through which experiential value enhances behavioural intention of lodging tourists was also found to exist.

This study provides a novel approach which presents experiential value as the antecedent variable, authentic happiness as the mediator, and behavioural intention as the dependent variable, in order to better understand tourists’ lodging decision-making processes and behaviours and this approach is considered an advancement within the literature.

本研究最主要的目的是在调查台湾住宿游客的体验价值如何影响真实快乐与行为意图之间的关系。

本研究采用目的抽样, 选取2017年台北国际旅展中有住宿经验的台湾游客为问卷受测对象, 并使用验证性因素分析（CFA）及结构方程模型（SEM）来验证模型的适合度及所提出的研究假设。

研究结果显示体验价值显著正向影响真实快乐, 同时也发现真实快乐的中介效果显著存在, 透过真实快乐的中介, 体验价值可以增强住宿游客的行为意图。

本研究提供一种新颖的途径, 将体验价值做为前因变数、真实快乐视为中介变数、及行为意图做为依变数, 以利于清楚了解游客的住宿决策过程和行为, 同时该途径在文献上被视为是一种进步。

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue investigar cómo el valor experiencial de los turistas de alojamiento afectó la relación entre la felicidad auténtica y la intención de comportamiento.

Se adoptó una técnica de muestreo intencional para los turistas taiwaneses con experiencia de alojamiento durante la Feria Internacional de Viajes de Taipei 2017; utilizando el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA) y el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para validar la idoneidad de los ítems del cuestionario, el ajuste del modelo y las hipótesis propuestas.

Los resultados demostraron que el valor experiencial influyó de manera significativa y positiva en la felicidad auténtica. También se descubrió que el efecto mediador de la felicidad auténtica a través del cual el valor experiencial mejora la intención conductual de los turistas de alojarse.

Este estudio proporciona un enfoque novedoso que presenta el valor experiencial como la variable antecedente, la felicidad auténtica como mediador y la intención de comportamiento como la variable dependiente, para comprender mejor los procesos y comportamientos de toma de decisiones de alojamiento de los turistas, y este enfoque se considera un avance dentro de la literatura.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the hotel selection problem of airlines for their hotel and airline alliance (HAA) to develop potential customers of airlines. This paper will propose a hybrid mathematics evaluation model to help airline to select an optimal hotel with both qualitative and quantitative criteria.

To solve the hotel selection problem of airlines for their HAA, this paper focuses on the implementation of the NGT, Fuzzy TOPSIS and MCGP models in the hotel selection process. Initially, the NGT was used to create HAA decision-making criteria based on the literature review and expert opinions, and it was found that scale and scope possibility, brand value, tourism attraction, operating cost and industrial conditions are the most important criteria. Later, the Fuzzy TOPSIS method was used to obtain the general normalized fuzzy preference and to compute the closeness coefficients of each alternative hotel with respect to each criterion. Third, five tangible constraints were incorporated into the Fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP model to calculate the optimal hotel with LINGO software.

Airline managers can use the proposed model to form a clear view of how to choose the most suitable hotel to cooperate with to outperform their competitors. Having access to this information allows airline managers to take steps to perform better and improve the performance of the partnership, helping them to gain more confidence in their decision-making capabilities while reducing investment risks.

This is the first paper that has adopted Fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP to select hotel for their HAA from the airline’s point of view. The major contributions of this study are as follows: an efficient and simple evaluation framework is proposed for handling vagueness and uncertainty in real-world hotel selection problems; the advancement of treating uncertainty in the MCDM process; the fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP method is extended for such problems, taking into account tangible and intangible criteria; airline managers can now make decisions in choosing to select the best hotel for their HAA that meets the airline's business goals and passenger demands; hotel operators are flexible in selecting their airline partnership, thus creating greater profit for both parties.

饭店和航空公司之间横向联盟的选择模型：NGT, fuzzy TOPSIS和MCGP方法的综合应用

本文的主要目的是在协助驾驶评估酒店选择的问题, 并通过由酒店与航空公司的合作联盟HAA, 开发整合的潜在客户。评估模型, 以帮助航空公司选择同时满足定性和定量标准的最佳酒店。

这些研究集中在规模和范围的可能性, 品牌价值, 旅游吸引上力, 运营成本和产业条件上。第二个步骤是日期近似近似最佳解排序技术（fuzzy TOPSIS）计算每家替代酒店与理想解决方案的接近度系数。规划方法（MCGP）选择最佳酒店, 同时选择方法同时考虑酒店的定性和定量标准, 并且从未在酒店选择文献中被采用过。

为了帮助评估评估合适的酒店和建立合作联盟, 因此本文提出了NGT-Fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP模型, 以帮助决策的决策者实现替代的酒店。在此模型中, 决策者通过最后, 在名目人群技术（NGT）确定客观的酒店选择规范, 然后他们可以根据模糊近似最佳解排序技术（TOPSIS）确定标准权重, 并计算模糊的TOPSIS-MCGP模型中, 决策制定者可以使用多选择目标规划（MCGP）, 通过设定每个目标的期望水准寻找最佳酒店。

这是第一篇以航空的角度, 同时采用模糊TOPSIS-MCGP方法选择合适的酒店的论文。本文最主要的贡献是: 1. 提出了一种有效而简单的评估框架, 用于处理现实世界中酒店选择问题中的模糊性和不确定性。2. 在处理MCDM过程中不确定性方面的进展；模糊TOPSIS-MCGP方法针对此类问题进行了扩展, 同时考虑了有形和无形的标准。3. 航空公司经理现在可以做出决定, 选择适合其HAA的最佳酒店, 借以满足航空公司的业务目标以及乘客的需要。4. 酒店运营商可以灵活选择航空公司合作伙伴关系, 从而为双方创造更大的利润。

饭店, 航空公司, 名目人群技术（NGT）, 最佳解排序技术（TOPSIS）, 多选择目标规划（MCGP）, 横向联盟

El modelo de selección Para alianzas horizontales entre hoteles y aerolíneas (Haa): una aplicación integrada de los métodos NGT, fuzzy TOPSIS y MCGP

El objetivo principal de este documento es evaluar el problema de selección de hoteles de las aerolíneas para su HAA (hotel airline alliance) a fin de desarrollar clientes potenciales para las aerolíneas. Este documento propondrá un modelo híbrido de evaluación matemática para ayudar a la aerolínea a seleccionar un hotel óptimo con criterios cualitativos y cuantitativos.

Para resolver el problema de selección de hoteles de las aerolíneas para su HAA, este documento se centra en la implementación de los modelos NGT, Fuzzy TOPSIS y MCGP en el proceso de selección de hoteles. Inicialmente, el NGT se utilizó para crear criterios de toma de decisiones de HAA basados en la revisión de la literatura y las opiniones de expertos, y se descubrió que la escala y la posibilidad de elección, el valor de la marca, la atracción turística, los costes operativos y las condiciones industriales son los criterios más importantes. Posteriormente, se utilizó el método Fuzzy TOPSIS para obtener la preferencia fuzzy general y normalizada y calcular los coeficientes de cercanía de cada hotel alternativo con respecto a cada criterio. En tercer lugar, se incorporaron cinco restricciones tangibles al modelo Fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP para calcular el hotel óptimo con el software LINGO.

Los gerentes de aerolíneas pueden usar el modelo propuesto para tener una visión clara de cómo elegir el hotel más adecuado para colaborar con el fin de superar a sus competidores. Tener acceso a esta información permite a los gerentes de las aerolíneas tomar medidas para gestionar mejor y mejorar el resultado de la alianza, lo que les ayuda a ganar más confianza en su capacidad de toma de decisiones y al mismo tiempo reducir los riesgos de inversión.

Este es el primer documento que adopta el modelo Fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP para seleccionar un hotel para su HAA desde el punto de vista de la aerolínea. Las principales contribuciones de este estudio son las siguientes: 1. Se propone un marco de evaluación eficiente y simple para manejar la imprecisión y la incertidumbre en los problemas de selección de hoteles del mundo real. 2. El avance del tratamiento de la incertidumbre en el proceso MCDM; extiende el método fuzzy TOPSIS-MCGP a tales problemas, teniendo en cuenta criterios tangibles e intangibles. 3. Los gerentes de aerolíneas ahora pueden tomar decisiones al elegir el mejor hotel para su HAA que cumpla con los objetivos comerciales de la aerolínea y las demandas de los pasajeros. 4. Los operadores de hoteles son flexibles en la selección de su asociación de aerolíneas, creando así mayores ganancias para ambas partes.

Hotel, Aerolínea, Técnica de grupo nominal (NGT), Técnica Para el orden de preferencia por similitud a solución real (TOPSIS), Programación de objetivos de opción múltiple (MCGP), Alianza horizontal

Trabajo de investigación

This study aims to examine the mediating and moderating processes that link airline brand image to passenger loyalty through perceived value.

The research participants were Taiwanese passengers with experience travelling abroad by air. Structural equation modelling and multigroup analysis were used to investigate the effect of airline brand image and perceived value on the loyalty of passengers using full-service and low-cost carriers.

For both airline types, airline brand image had a significant and positive effect on passenger perceived value. Perceived value had a significant and positive effect on passenger loyalty, perceived value was a crucial mediator and airline type was not a key moderator in the model.

In this study, focusing on the perspective of Taiwanese passengers, a conceptual model of the factors that lead to passenger loyalty, with a focus on brand image, was developed. This paper contributes to the literature and application field by examining the mediating effect of perceived value and the moderating role of airline type in the aviation industry; on the basis of the results, potential recovery strategies for airlines in the post-COVID-19 era are provided.

本研究檢驗透過知覺價值將航空公司品牌形象與乘客忠誠度連結起來的中介和調節過程。

受訪者是曾經有搭乘飛機出國旅行經驗的台灣乘客。本研究採用結構方程模式和多群組分析進行驗證, 分別從搭乘全服務型航空與低成本航空的乘客探討航空公司品牌形象和知覺價值對乘客忠誠行為的影響。

不論是就全服務型航空或低成本航空而言, 航空公司品牌形象對乘客知覺價值都具有顯著的正向影響, 知覺價值對乘客忠誠行為同樣具有顯著的正向影響; 知覺價值是一個重要的中介變數, 而航空公司類型不是關鍵的調節變數。

在這項以台灣乘客的視角為重點的研究中, 開發了一個以品牌形象為重點的導致乘客忠誠度因素的概念模型。本研究通過檢驗知覺價值的中介作用和航空公司類型在航空業中的調節作用, 為文獻和應用領域做出了貢獻; 最後根據研究結果, 提供後疫情時代航空公司的潛在恢復策略。

este estudio examinó los procesos de mediación y moderación que vinculan la imagen de marca de la aerolínea con la lealtad de los pasajeros a través del valor percibido.

los participantes de la investigación eran pasajeros taiwaneses con experiencia en viajes al extranjero por vía aérea. Se emplearon modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y análisis multigrupo para investigar el efecto de la imagen de marca de la aerolínea y el valor percibido en la lealtad de los pasajeros que utilizan líneas aéreas de servicio completo y de bajo costo.

para ambos tipos de aerolíneas, la imagen de marca de la aerolínea tuvo un efecto significativo y positivo en el valor percibido por los pasajeros. El valor percibido tuvo un efecto significativo y positivo en la lealtad de los pasajeros, el valor percibido fue un mediador crucial y el tipo de aerolínea no fue un moderador clave en el modelo.

En este estudio centrado en la perspectiva de los pasajeros taiwaneses, se desarrolló un modelo conceptual de los factores que conducen a la lealtad de los pasajeros, con un enfoque en la imagen de marca. Este documento contribuye al campo de la literatura y la aplicación al examinar el efecto mediador del valor percibido y el papel moderador del tipo de aerolínea en la industria de la aviación; Sobre la base de los resultados, se proporcionan posibles estrategias de recuperación para las aerolíneas en la era posterior a la COVID-19.

This paper aims to examine the effect of e-evaluation on work motivation among teachers during the Movement Control Order (MCO) in COVID-19 and determining the mediating role of stress.

The study is designed using a causal research design to examine the cause-effect relationship between the study variables. The study sample consists of 595 school teachers selected via convenient sampling. Quantitative data are collected from an online survey through the questionnaires with demographic, stress, e-evaluation and work motivation developed by the researchers were distributed during the MCO period. To test the model, structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied by using AMOS 21.

The results indicated that the e-evaluation, stress and work motivation of teachers during the MCO were conducted at a moderate level. The stress relationship with work motivation of teachers was also weak and showed a negative relationship, while e-evaluation and work motivation showed a strong relationship. The results of the SEM analysis revealed that the model fit was achieved with RMSEA = 0.07, GFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97, ChiSq/df = 4.30 and p =0.00. In addition, there was no role of stress as a mediator in the relationship between e-evaluation and work motivation and e-evaluation contributed 54% to work motivation.

This study underlines our contention that teachers’ work motivation correlated positively with their e-evaluation. The findings suggest that teachers’ stress cannot mediate the relationship between e-evaluation and work motivation. The limitations of the study include the convenience sampling, non-probability sampling technique, not chosen at random and undermines the generalizations from sample to the population.

The results provide a useful framework to teachers for the successful implementation of e-evaluations in their instruction to enhance their work-motivation.

There is a lack of e-evaluation studies in teacher education and teaching strategies, and the correlation between e-evaluation and work motivation during COVID-19 pandemic is often absent.

Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) technology based on powder bed has been used to manufacture complex geometrical components. In this study, IN625 superalloys were fabricated by high-power fiber laser without cracks, bounding errors or porosity. Meanwhile, the objectives of this paper are to systemically investigate the microstructures, micro-hardness and the precipitated Laves phase of deposited-IN625 under different annealing temperatures.

The effects of annealing temperatures on the microstructure, micro-hardness and the precipitated Laves phase were studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), backscattered electron (BSE) imaging in the SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The thermal stability of the dendritic morphology about IN625 superalloys was investigated through annealing at temperatures range from 1,000°C to 1,200°C.

It is found that the microstructure of deposited-IN625 was typical dendrite structure. Besides, some Laves phase precipitated in the interdendritic region results in the segregation of niobium and molybdenum. The thermal stability indicate that the morphology of dendrite can be stable up to 1,000°C. With the annealing temperatures increasing from 1,000 to 1,200°C, the Laves phase partially dissolves into the γ-Ni matrix, and the morphology of the remaining Laves phase is changing from irregular shape to rod-like or block-like shape.

The heat treatment used on the IN625 superalloys is helpful for knowing the evolution of microstructures and precipitated phases thermal stability and mechanical properties.

Due to the different kinds of application conditions, the original microstructure of the IN625 superalloys fabricated by LAM may not be ideal. So exploring the influence of annealing treatment on IN625 superalloys can bring theory basis and guidance for actual production.

This study continues valuing the fabrication of IN625 by LAM. It shows the effect of annealing temperatures on the shape, size and distribution of Laves phase and the microstructures of deposited-IN625 superalloys.

This paper aims to present a new design for removable partial dentures (RPDs) for partially edentulous patients to improve the efficiency and quality of RPD manufacturing. Additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies and zirconium silicate micro-ceramic bonding in the aesthetic zone are used herein.

A case was presented. First, RPD digital definitive casts were acquired, and then digital frameworks with crown retainers and digital crowns were obtained by computer-aided design (CAD). The titanium alloy frameworks and resin crowns were fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) processes, respectively. The crowns adhered to the crown retainers. Ceramage bonding was used to reform the gingival anatomy in the aesthetic zone during the fabrication of the RPDs. The finished RPDs were assessed by a clinician and delivered to the patient.

The RPDs were conventionally assessed by a clinician, were deemed to be accurate and satisfied both the patient and clinician.

This novel method provides a way to fabricate RPDs with a combination of additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies. The design of the framework was different from that of a conventional framework because it contained the crown retainers, and the traditional base retainer no longer existed. Ceramage bonding was used to replicate the gingival anatomy in the aesthetic zone. The new RPDs provided accuracy and were less time-consuming to produce than those produced with the traditional method. The new method enables the digital manufacturing of nearly the entire RPDs.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the assumptions concerning how the processes that foster trust are influenced by contractual control and managers’ propensity to trust. More specifically, the paper investigates the extent to which distinct types of trust (i.e. cognition- and affect-based trust) are differentially and interactively associated with contractual control and the propensity to trust.

The authors collected survey data on 260 architect–contractor project-based relationships in China.

The results of this paper show that contractual control and a project manager’s propensity to trust are positively related to the managers’ trust in their partners. However, the interaction of the propensity to trust and contractual control has a negative effect on cognition-based trust. Cognition-based trust, in turn, is linked to the unique and interactive relationships between contractual control, the propensity to trust and affect-based trust.

While this paper adds to the literature on trust and control, future research is needed to fully understand the differences in interpersonal trust across alliances and countries.

These findings provide important implications for firms hoping to facilitate active trust development processes.

More is now known about the trust in inter-organizational settings at the individual level.

In reservoir history matching the least square objective function is usually used to minimize the mismatch between the predicted production data and the observations. However, as history matching is an ill-posed inverse problem with non-unique solutions, the reservoir model after calibrating may be far from the real geology model by only matching the production data. In order to solve this problem, a regularization method for reservoir history matching is implemented, in which not only the production data is matched, but prior geological information is also used to correct and update the current reservoir model so that the updated model will be consistent with the geologic model. In this paper, the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation method (SPSA) coupled with fast streamline simulation provides an effective method (SLSPSA) to optimize the objective function. As a stochastic approximation algorithm, SLSPSA can guarantee the convergence of the algorithm. Compared to the gradient-based algorithms, it avoids the massive calculation and storage for adjoint or sensitivity matrix. In the calculation process of algorithm, parallel computing is implemented, which reduces the simulation time and improves the computational efficiency. The method was verified by matching an example test.

This paper aims to address how management knowledge transferred through Western management education programmes is effectively perceived and applied to decisions by Chinese managers, who have a cultural background quite different from their Western counterparts.

The paper first examines Western management concepts under Chinese culture and second reviews the development and status of Western Master of Business Administration (MBA) programmes in China. Third, the framework of a three‐dimension knowledge transfer model first developed in the USA is used to study the effectiveness of the transfer of academic management concepts to working managers in China through their perception of source, familiarity and usefulness of the concepts. A quantitative approach employing non‐probability sampling method is adopted to survey a group of working managers enrolled in a Western MBA programme in Xi'an.

The result shows education to be a much more important source of management knowledge for the Chinese managers than for their US counterparts who regard it as the least important.

Generalized interpretation of the results should be cautioned due to the limited scope of the study and the nature of non‐probability sampling method.

The findings form a basis for further research in how cultural differences between the West and China are tempering the effectiveness of Western MBA programmes to Chinese working managers so that educators can better design their management programmes for China.

This introduction aims to set the scene for this special issue on innovation in Chinese firms.

There is no research design and methodology for data collection and analysis as such.

This introduction sets the special issue in the context of the European Academy of Management (EURAM) track with the same theme. It also provides an outline for the special issue highlighting the main topics in terms of technology and innovation management in large and small firms in China; as well as lessons drawn from academic institutions involved in provision of management education both at research and taught – MBA‐level degree programs.

This special issue is limited in the number of contributions that they are submitted to the EURAM Conference and track on “innovation in Chinese firms” in 2008 and 2009. The research implications for firm strategy and government policy draw on limited empirical evidence mainly from case studies and interviews with selected experts.

The originality of this special issue is that it brings together empirical findings from a broad range of large state owned companies, small and medium enterprises, and Chinese and foreign universities and business schools interested in management education in China.