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During the 2004–2009 building boom, building materials in the United States were in short supply, in particular drywall. This shortage arose from the vast demand for repairing and rebuilding houses caused by several large hurricanes, namely, Katrina and Rita.

The situation is complex because there are many stakeholders involved: manufacturers, suppliers, contractors, insurance companies, and homeowners. The problem begins with the suppliers (apart from the natural disasters that exacerbated the issue). The first question that should be asked is Why import drywall from overseas to use in the United States? and What regulations were in place regarding the usage of drywall, and so on. The next item that needs to be looked at is the homeowners. This is a very bad situation for them as they must evacuate their homes. Some of them had to move out and rent an apartment. Some of them sold their houses for less than half of what they paid for them. The problem is What can they do about the defective drywall in their houses? Further, Will they get their money back? If they do, Who is going to pay for it? or Where are they going to stay?, and so on. Since there are an estimated 100,000 homes in more than 20 states that were effected in this situation, this chapter will focus on the homeowners who live in Virginia, as it is the residence of the chapter’s primary author. It is very important to understand the homeowners’ problems and also their options to overcome this problem. Various attempts have been made to solve the situation but the problem is still there. The problem not only involves homeowner compensation but also a need to prevent this situation from happening in the future.

The environment of uncertainty that emerged due to COVID-19 brought the need for the creation of new policies and strategies. In this aspect, it has been observed that various recovery strategies have been adopted by policymakers. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the efforts of destinations for senior tourism and to determine the development and change in the academic studies and related strategies. The methodology was based on a literature review and examining policy documents linking senior tourism, tourism destinations, and post-COVID-19 strategies. In this vein, this study is exploratory and displays a conceptual foundation for future research.

This chapter contributes to the overall tourist satisfaction to local economies using sustainable practices. The aim therefore is to analyse to what extent the characteristics of a product and service can bridge the gap between locals and visitors. This chapter is based on secondary data. We find evidence for six themes which are considered to be the most theoretical issue affecting the studies on street food in tourism considered in the analysis.

Results show that street food tourism, as a new paradigm, can be a viable option while thinking the process of sustainable tourism development in emerging destinations. Our findings have clear implications for the fast growing literature on overtourism and related perverse impacts (conceptual contribution) giving also additional options to Destination Marketing Organisations' (DMOs) managers in terms of strategy to combat tourismphobia analysed in the study. Proposals for future research will also be outlined.

This study examines solvent extract conductivity (SEC) testing, e.g., Ionograph or Omega Meter testing, which measures ionic cleanliness of printed wiring boards (PWBs). SEC has been a quality control (QC) monitor to assure product electrical reliability. Typical SEC measurements occur after wave soldered products have been solvent‐cleaned. This study concerns SEC testing on new wave soldering processes that involve no solvent cleaning, i.e., inert gas soldering with ‘no clean’ fluxes. Results show ionic residues from ‘no clean’ fluxes may have other characteristics that make QC testing for ionic cleanliness inappropriate. However, SEC may be appropriate as a process control monitor after soldering with these fluxes. An Ionograph measured SEC response for the following chemicals: NaCl, NaF, NaBr, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, HCl, succinic acid, malic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and ethylene glycol. The list includes inorganic salts, strong electrolytes, which may arise from manufacturing or PWB materials. The list also includes weak organic acids (WOAs) common to ‘no clean’ fluxes. One non‐ionic hygroscopic chemical, ethylene glycol, was studied. Ionograph response was measured via (i) direct injection of aqueous solutions and (ii) immersion of PWBs with individual chemicals as surface deposits. All ionisable compounds, including all WOAs, produced substantial SEC response. Surface conductivity was measured at 35°C/90% relative humidity (RH) with controlled amounts of the above chemicals deposited on clean PWB test circuits. Surface loadings corresponded to the molar‐ionic equivalent of 2.0 ?g/cm2 NaCl. In addition, NaCl, adipic acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) were examined as a function of concentration. Several ionisable chemicals including all WOAs produced no measurable effect, i.e., surface conductivities were indistinguishable on clean and deposited specimens. Surface conductivity increased for ionic contaminants with critical RH below ∼80% and for the non‐ionic hygroscopic glycol. SEC measurements and surface conductivities were compared. The latter is more directly related to electrical reliability. Although all ionic compounds including the WOAs showed a SEC response, not all enhanced surface conductivity. Achievement of critical RH appears to be the important factor. Adipic acid required the presence of hygroscopic glycol to enhance surface conductivity. Therefore, SEC can be a misleading QC test for electrical reliability when WOA flux residues are present.

This chapter examines historical and contemporary issues related to child protection and argues that the social construction of immigrants requires an examination of the values that shape child welfare practice. Discussion of the historical context of the US child welfare system is followed by a discussion of the separations of children from their families as a result of deportations or separations at the border. The intersections of child welfare, racism, and xenophobia are discussed, highlighting historical trauma, forced separations of Indigenous and Latinx children, and the importance of social constructions of immigrants in shaping child welfare practice and policy.

Age-difference in couple relationships in Mexico and Latin America has been a field of study predominantly approached by demographers and sociodemographers. In Western Europe and North America, the tendency is similar yet sociologists and anthropologists have contributed important knowledge to this discussion. The results of both groups of studies show that in most societies men marry and cohabitate with women younger than them and that in a rather small percentage women are older than men. The discussion on the reasons for which men prefer younger women or women prefer older men when marrying and cohabitating go from psychological to economic grounds. This study aims to contribute to the discussion on the reasons for which this pattern persists by study examining the narratives of 81 Mexican heterosexual men and women from three generations. This is done from a qualitative and sociological standpoint that approaches the age differences from the subjectivity and intimacy of the interviewees aiming to understand (i) the meanings of the age-gap and age discrepancy, (ii) the role of schooling and social class in the significance of the age-gap and age-discrepancy relationships, and (iii) the gender inequality in age-gap relationships. The data show that amid a vigorous and strong trend of unions between older men and younger women where great gender inequalities may persist, there are signs of cultural change that show the discomfort and stigma of such differences. This, rather than being a contradiction, reveals how schooling and social origin affect the resignification of the difference, and moreover, suggests that the power relations in the couple are more equitable.

This chapter argues that Black women, despite their marginalization, should consider the radical possibilities inherent in their rise to become leaders. Here, we use an intersectional lens to explore leadership and address how identity, bias, invisibility, and disinvestment confront Black female leaders as they progress through childhood, adolescence, early career, and executive ranks. Ultimately, we offer recommendations relative to practice, for educational and work settings, research, and policy.