In this paper, I explore some of the intellectual questions which gave meaning to the social activity of dealing with crime, disorder and indigence, in the writings of three key…
Abstract
In this paper, I explore some of the intellectual questions which gave meaning to the social activity of dealing with crime, disorder and indigence, in the writings of three key police thinkers: Henry Field, Sir John Fielding and Patrick Colquhoun. My argument is that these early “police intellectuals” were not visionaries in the sense that they imagined a radically new apparatus of social control. Rather, the writings of these police proponents are most significant because they established a context of thought as felt and feeling as thought in which modern policing emerged. That intellectual context involved a commitment to piety, ethical standards and those institutions which supported or propagated them ‐ family, commerce and education as well as considerations of better policing, laws and punishments. Their writings, I suggest, are best understood as providing an enhanced role for the police in both enforcing order and in defining it. Police intellectuals, I conclude, created a frame of mind of police which functioned as a broad social technology of control, an institution of government and an ideology representing the crime problem as a lower class phenomenon.
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Jill Lambert, Judith Andrews and John McMullan
The practical issues involved in the implementation of a public reservation service using BLS (BLCMP Library System) in a large multi‐site university library (University of…
Abstract
The practical issues involved in the implementation of a public reservation service using BLS (BLCMP Library System) in a large multi‐site university library (University of Central England in Birmingham) service are examined. The options enabling the system to be customised are outlined, and the reasoning underlying specific decisions is explained. The effect of the new service on both staff and users is assessed and the benefits evaluated.
Jean D. Kabongo and John O. Okpara
This paper aims to investigate entrepreneurship course offerings in business administration/management curricula in sub‐Saharan higher education institutions.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate entrepreneurship course offerings in business administration/management curricula in sub‐Saharan higher education institutions.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a survey of online course catalogs to analyze entrepreneurship course offerings.
Findings
The results of the study demonstrate that most higher education institutions in the sample offer courses in entrepreneurship and/or small business management but few offer specialization in the area. Newly created institutions are more likely to offer entrepreneurship courses and specializations than traditional ones while a few operate university‐based entrepreneurship centers. The study findings are consistent with the environmental school of entrepreneurial thought.
Research limitations/implications
The study depended exclusively on online data. Several institutions were excluded from the sample because their web sites were unavailable. Future research should use a larger sample.
Practical implications
The paper will assist researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders in higher education in strengthening the discussion about enterprise and entrepreneurship education in sub‐Saharan business programmes.
Originality/value
This is the first study on the content of entrepreneurship courses in sub‐Saharan African Universities.
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James J. Chrisman, W.E. McMullan, J. Kirk Ring and Daniel T. Holt
The purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of guided preparation to investigate the relative impact of outside counseling assistance and entrepreneurship courses on new…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of guided preparation to investigate the relative impact of outside counseling assistance and entrepreneurship courses on new venture creation and performance.
Design/methodology/approach
To attain a sample of nascent entrepreneurs who had been impacted by entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial counseling, 256 individuals who received counseling from the Pennsylvania Small Business Development Center in 1996 or 1998 were surveyed. The authors ran a logistic regression model using venture start‐up as the categorical dependent variable to investigate whether entrepreneurial education and counseling had an influence on the creation of new ventures. To test whether entrepreneurial education or counseling had a long‐term impact on the growth of new ventures, hierarchical regression analyses were run using employment in 2003 as the dependent variable. Various control variables were used for both sets of analyses.
Findings
Findings indicate that counseling has a significant impact on venture performance but entrepreneurship courses do not. In contrast, entrepreneurship courses are related to venture creation while counseling is not.
Research limitations/implications
Consistent with theory, the results suggest that counseling programs allow entrepreneurs to develop context‐specific tacit knowledge about their ventures and are best delivered immediately prior to venture start‐up. Entrepreneurship courses appear to indirectly influence new venture performance by increasing the odds of start up.
Originality/value
This comparative test of the theory of guided preparation contributes to the understanding of the effects of education and counseling on the creation and long‐term performance of new ventures, informing how the delivery of such programs can be improved.
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The study analyzes a survey of 372 businesses operating in the East Midlands and reveals the trends of engagement with green growth, demand for green skills development and…
Abstract
The study analyzes a survey of 372 businesses operating in the East Midlands and reveals the trends of engagement with green growth, demand for green skills development and pro-environmental business support. The findings confirm major differences in how large and small businesses engage with green growth and the challenges they face. Sectorial characteristics are of significance in growth trends and confirm manufacturing companies derive more turnover from the green products when compared to services. Manufacturing companies are also more proactive than services in integrating the green growth ambitions with the business strategy. Green skills and information gaps are major obstacles to business engagement with green growth. Business support agencies are urged to broaden the scope and availability of the pro-environmental enterprise support. Policy community is advised to develop support mechanisms that reduce skills and information gaps. A transformative approach to enterprise support is advocated in order to catalyze the contribution of the business community to sustainable regional development.
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Lobel Trong Thuy Tran, Ho Thi Vinh Hien and John Baker
Although a supportive workplace is increasingly considered important for employees' performance, much of the evidence remains speculative, for example, it lacks offsetting…
Abstract
Purpose
Although a supportive workplace is increasingly considered important for employees' performance, much of the evidence remains speculative, for example, it lacks offsetting mechanisms. This study addresses circumstances when perceived support helps and when it hurts work performance, depending on the mediating effects of job autonomy, intrinsic motivation and job satisfaction under the boundary conditions of perceived helpfulness of social media platforms and felt stress.
Design/methodology/approach
This study collected data using a questionnaire protocol that was adapted and refined from the original scales in existing studies. The sample consists of 900 employees from the public healthcare industry in Vietnam. To test the hypotheses, the partial least squares (PLS) technique was used.
Findings
This study finds that job autonomy, intrinsic motivation and job satisfaction are important for the perceived support and work performance relationship in which perceived helpfulness of social media platforms plays a critical confounding role. The findings also confirm that felt stress negatively moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and work performance, weakening the effect job satisfaction has on employee work performance.
Originality/value
This study specifies the boundary conditions under which work performance is mostly affected while enhancing the understanding of how to reinforce intrinsic motivation and job satisfaction. The findings offer organizational and human resource management (HRM) scholars and practitioners a closer look at perceived helpfulness of social media platforms and support the suggestions that autonomy-supportive workplaces are superior.
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Katarzyna Wodniak and Anne Holohan
The goal of this chapter was to provide an insight into rules and norms behind generation Y social media presence and inform future research through an exploration of the norms…
Abstract
The goal of this chapter was to provide an insight into rules and norms behind generation Y social media presence and inform future research through an exploration of the norms underpinning digitally mediated interaction and behavior among college-age students in Ireland.
The authors administered a questionnaire containing both closed- and open-ended questions among 131 first-year college students in Ireland, asking them to identify online behaviors and actions with a purpose of recognizing rules and norms that guided how they handled sharing, interaction, and mediated aspects of relationships in their use of mobile devices and social media platforms.
This study reveals that the driving force is the desire for and implementation of what can be called the norm of “Do No Harm Lest Others Do Harm to You.” This norm, rather than being driven by the Hippocratic Code of principled awareness is an expression of an acute consciousness of audience segregation and the need for self-protection in online interaction. The respondents were asked about the rules and norms that guided how they handled sharing, interaction, and mediated aspects of relationships in their use of mobile devices and social media platforms. Their responses demonstrated that millennials, in their everyday and intensive use of digitally mediated technologies, have begun to observe a new social contract of “Do No Harm Lest Others Do Harm to You” where internet becomes a space of entertainment and private messaging devoid of conflict and exchanges of opinion with others. Millennials seem to be closing down the scope of online interaction which in the long run can limit the function of internet as a social sphere where various issues, including political views, are exchanged and discussed.
The research is exploratory in nature and relied up on a relatively small sample size. For this reason, while the study produces new analytic frameworks, the findings could not be generalized. Additionally, there are certain features that appear to be specifically Irish such as a blurred line between perception of bullying and harmless having the “craic.”
This research makes explicit the harm mitigation and conflict avoidance strategies underpinning the use of social and digital media as it has been deployed and shaped by Irish millennials and discusses the consequences of their reluctance to engage in the public realm of the internet.