Illustrates correlation and regression in food and consumer science applications, with worked examples of these methods on data from a consumer survey and from a…
Abstract
Illustrates correlation and regression in food and consumer science applications, with worked examples of these methods on data from a consumer survey and from a sensory‐versus‐instrumental study.
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Describes methods for examination of the relationship between two variables measured on a set of objects, using correlation coefficients and simple regression analysis.
Abstract
Describes methods for examination of the relationship between two variables measured on a set of objects, using correlation coefficients and simple regression analysis.
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Describes statistical methods applied to sensory discrimination tests. Illustrates binomial and chi‐square statistical analysis and discusses similarity testing, power and…
Abstract
Describes statistical methods applied to sensory discrimination tests. Illustrates binomial and chi‐square statistical analysis and discusses similarity testing, power and replication in discrimination testing.
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Describes the application of correlation and regression in food science and nutrition studies.
Abstract
Describes the application of correlation and regression in food science and nutrition studies.
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This article critiques the major works of Jeremy Bentham as they apply to three areas: public policy, social reform and administrative theory. The article concludes that jeremy…
Abstract
This article critiques the major works of Jeremy Bentham as they apply to three areas: public policy, social reform and administrative theory. The article concludes that jeremy Bentham’s contributions to all three areas has been significant, but that in the area of administrative theory he has not received the recognition he deserves. The article points out that Jeremy Bentham developed a complete theory of administration more than a century before such figures as Henri Fayol and Luther Gulick.
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Jeremy Bentham (1748 - 1832) was an eccentric 18th Century English genius of many interests. He was the leader of a group of social and political reformers known as the…
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Jeremy Bentham (1748 - 1832) was an eccentric 18th Century English genius of many interests. He was the leader of a group of social and political reformers known as the philosophical radicals that included John Stuart Mill. While Bentham never held a government position, his writings influenced many who did. Bentham’s ideas and works touch on a variety of disciplines including: administrative management, criminal justice, economics, law, organizational theory and decision making, philosophy, political science, public administration, public policy, social welfare, and sociology. Bentham was a wordsmith adding such terms to the popular lexicon as: "minimize," "maximize," and "rational." He was also the first person to use the term "international." This article looks at Jeremy Bentham’s contributions in three areas: organizational theory and decision-making, public policy analysis, and administrative management. The article argues that although his ideas and works have been dismissed as passé in the post 1960s era of selective social consciousness and heightened political correctness, Bentham has much to say that is still important and relevant today
The orthopaedic trauma session is almost universally adopted as a means of coping with non‐elective orthopaedic demand. Here patients who can be stabilised are treated in a…
Abstract
The orthopaedic trauma session is almost universally adopted as a means of coping with non‐elective orthopaedic demand. Here patients who can be stabilised are treated in a weekday planned theatre session. It allows for greater consultant involvement and a reduction in out‐of‐hours operating. The utilisation of trauma theatre time is typically low. However, there is an opportunity to make better use of this time by including some “deferrable elective patients” in the session. These are elective patients who have been offered earlier treatment in return for accepting the possibility of postponement, if the trauma demand on the day of the appointment is high. Simulation of patient demand was used to explore the balance between maximising the utilisation of the theatre sessions, avoiding too many overruns and ensuring a reasonable quality of care in a typical hospital in the UK.
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John A. Bower and Jessica Ferguson
The purpose of this paper is to ascertain children's perception of fruit and fruit snacks and the influences on their choice.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to ascertain children's perception of fruit and fruit snacks and the influences on their choice.
Design/methodology/approach
One hundred primary school children (the majority aged 7‐11 years), from three schools, were surveyed or interviewed. A quota sample was taken with a balance of age and gender. A questionnaire survey (n = 50) plus a series of focus groups (n = 50) were carried out.
Findings
The questionnaire results showed that the children perceived fruit as likeable, healthy, convenient, low cost and available. Dried and packed fruits were of lower levels on these attributes but newer manufactured snacks were likeable and convenient, but viewed as unhealthy and costly. Focus groups revealed similar perceptions except in the case of fresh fruit which was seen as lacking convenience in terms of poor storage properties and waste.
Research limitations/implications
The paper uses a convenience sample with no socio‐economic variation.
Originality/value
The paper offers new information on new fruit snack forms.
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John Bowers and Alireza Khorakian
While innovation has many similarities to other forms of projects it is characterised by a high failure rate and the need to stimulate creativity. More explicit risk management…
Abstract
Purpose
While innovation has many similarities to other forms of projects it is characterised by a high failure rate and the need to stimulate creativity. More explicit risk management could help in achieving success in innovation projects. However, too much or inappropriate risk management might stifle the creativity that is core to innovation. So, what project risk management should be applied and where in the innovation project?
Design/methodology/approach
A theoretical framework is proposed which combines the generic innovation process with project risk management. The framework was used to analyse the current attitudes to managing innovation risk in a series of companies.
Findings
The decision points of the stage-gate innovation process model provide an effective interface for incorporating project risk concepts. The general concepts appear most relevant to innovation management though it is useful to customise them to emphasise the particular characteristics of innovation projects. The experience of using the resultant combined model in a number of diverse case studies indicates the relevance of the model in understanding attitudes towards risk management in innovation. The analysis of the case study companies suggested that risk management needs to be applied in differential manner: simple, unobtrusive techniques early in the innovation life cycle with more substantial, quantitative methods being considered for later stages.
Research limitations/implications
It would be useful to extend this research by examining more case studies from other countries and industries.
Practical implications
The combined innovation and risk management model provides a framework that diverse companies can appreciate. The framework offers a basis for discussing the most appropriate form of risk management in different innovation-based industries.
Originality/value
Although there are many separate models for innovation and project risk management described in the literature, there is very little discussion about explicitly combining these theories. This paper aims to help fill this gap in the knowledge.