Xianyi Xie, Lisheng Jin, Guo Baicang and Jian Shi
This study aims to propose an improved linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based on the adjusting weight coefficient, which is used to improve the performance of the vehicle direct…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to propose an improved linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based on the adjusting weight coefficient, which is used to improve the performance of the vehicle direct yaw moment control (DYC) system.
Design/methodology/approach
After analyzing the responses of the side-slip angle and the yaw rate of the vehicle when driving under different road adhesion coefficients, the genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic theory were applied to design the parameter regulator for an improved LQR. This parameter regulator works according to the changes in the road adhesion coefficient between the tires and the road. Hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) tests with double-lane changes under low and high road surface adhesion coefficients were carried out.
Findings
The HiL test results demonstrate the proposed controllers’ effectiveness and reasonableness and satisfy the real-time requirement. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was also proven using the vehicle-handling stability objective evaluation method.
Originality/value
The objective evaluation results reveal better performance using the improved LQR DYC controller than a front wheel steering vehicle, especially in reducing driver fatigue, improving vehicle-handling stability and enhancing driving safety.
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Yin Ying Cai, Jin Xie and Lynn Huntsinger
Faced with the challenges of rural population decline, combined with the widespread expansion of homesteads in rural areas, local Chinese governments hope to strictly control and…
Abstract
Purpose
Faced with the challenges of rural population decline, combined with the widespread expansion of homesteads in rural areas, local Chinese governments hope to strictly control and minimize rural housing land. Accurately decomposing the process of rural housing expansion and revealing its driving factors will be helpful for land-use regulation by the government.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, an unusually rich dataset of rural housing registration from Pudong New Area in Shanghai is employed. The study aimed to decompose the fragmented accumulation process and its expansion determinants on rural housing assets. The dataset covers all samples of rural households and housing plots at 72 surveyed villages in six towns.
Findings
Housing offers profitable capital and earning assets to villagers at the urban fringe, so they have a powerful incentive to build and expand more. The results of this analysis showed that the expansion of rural housing is largely due to the haphazard construction of auxiliary rooms by villagers, especially on plots of arable land that are adjacent to their houses that have been stealthily converted into auxiliary rooms and sheds. Low costs and weak penalties have led to an increase in rent-seeking expansions to rural houses. Houses with the smaller initial areas, families with more laborers and household heads, and the proximity of villages to downtown with convenient living services were the main driving factors for expanding houses. A concerted effort is needed to control the disorganized and unlicensed expansion of housing. This effort should include formulating areas for free use by villagers, high taxes on overused areas, serious penalties for unlicensed housing expansion and effective land-use planning.
Research limitations/implications
An understanding of the expansion status and control measures related to rural houses in Shanghai provides an important reference that can help to guide the formulation of rural housing policies, and the sustainable development of cities worldwide. Of course, this study cannot generalize about housing distribution and expansion status worldwide based on the study area in China, because China's land tenure policies are unique. But land registry data exists that makes research like this feasible. There is a need to carefully examine the detailed housing distribution in each country before it can be decided on how best to address the disorderly increase in rural housing stock, and promote the reduction of rural residential expansion.
Originality/value
First, the process of rural housing expansion by using an unique dataset which covers ten thousands of samples is revealed. Second, the results have policy implications for reducing the amount of idle and inefficiently rural homestead. The focus is on rural housing growth and its driving factors in Shanghai, and the villagers' motivations for housing expansion are explored.
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Hao Wang, Kai Ren, Jin Xie, Chen Zhang and Wencheng Tang
The face-centered cubic structured single-phase FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared to study the friction and wear behavior of HEAs under MoS2-oil lubrication.
Abstract
Purpose
The face-centered cubic structured single-phase FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared to study the friction and wear behavior of HEAs under MoS2-oil lubrication.
Design/methodology/approach
FeCoNiCrMn alloys were subjected to ball-on-disc reciprocating sliding against the GCr15 ball. L25(56) orthogonal wear tests were designed for velocity Vrel (4.167-20.833 mm/s), load FN (10-50 N), temperature T (RT-140 °C) and time t (5-20 min). Based on orthogonal test results, multivariate repeated measures ANOVA was performed, and further comparative experiments were conducted for Vrel, FN and T. Energy dispersive spectrometer and scanning electron microscope were applied to characterize the surface morphology of wear scar and its element distribution.
Findings
Vrel, FN and t exerted the most significant influence (p < 0.01) on the average friction coefficient f. Vrel and FN were identified as the momentous effect (p < 0.01) on wear volume ΔV. T (≥50 °C) had positive correlation with f and ΔV, and both Vrel and FN correlated negatively with f. The dominant abrasive wear was attributed to the large hardness difference of the friction pair. Fatigue wear and delamination wear were experienced at higher speeds (Vrel ≥ 12.5 mm/s) and loading levels (FN ≥ 40 N). Elevated temperature weakens the lubrication effect of MoS2-oil and the mechanical properties of FeCoNiCrMn matrix, intensifying abrasive wear.
Originality/value
This study is expected to provide references for exploration on the wear behavior of single-phase HEAs under complex working conditions with lubrication and hence will help develop the application of HEAs in practical engineering.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2019-0303
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Lin Liu, Shuang Lu, Ya Qi Wu, Jin Yin Xie and Jinjuan Xing
This paper aims to reduce environment pollution caused by benzotriazole. The authors chose one of the best inhibitors from 2-aminobenzimidazole, 2-methylbenzimidazol…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to reduce environment pollution caused by benzotriazole. The authors chose one of the best inhibitors from 2-aminobenzimidazole, 2-methylbenzimidazol, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and benzimidazole in combination with benzotriazole.
Design/methodology/approach
The electrochemical measurement indicated that 2-methylbenzimidazol had the best inhibition behavior. Then, it was mixed with benzotriazole. Techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and optical contact angle measurements were used.
Findings
The results showed that the inhibition efficiency was up to 99.98%, when the mixture concentration was 20 mmol/L and the molar ratio 1:1.
Originality/value
1-benzotriazole was mixed with 2-methylbenzimidazol for the first time. During the exist of methyl, 2-methylbenzimidazol has the better inhibition; this point was ignored by researchers.
Graphical abstract
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Yajuvindra Kumar and Sapna Pandit
In this paper, free axisymmetric vibration analysis of a two-directional functionally graded porous thin annular plate resting on the Winkler foundation is presented utilizing…
Abstract
Purpose
In this paper, free axisymmetric vibration analysis of a two-directional functionally graded porous thin annular plate resting on the Winkler foundation is presented utilizing the classical plate theory (CPT). The mechanical properties are considered to be varying in the radial-thickness plane.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the CPT, the governing differential equation of motion is derived. The highest-order derivative of displacement is approximated by Haar wavelets and successive lower-order derivatives are obtained by integration. The integration coefficients are calculated using boundary conditions. The fundamental frequency for clamped-clamped, clamped-simply supported, simply supported-clamped and simply supported-simply supported boundary conditions is obtained.
Findings
The effects of the porosity coefficient, the coefficient of radial variation, the exponent of power law, the foundation parameter, the aspect ratio and boundary conditions are investigated on fundamental frequency. A convergence study is conducted to validate the present analysis. The accuracy and reliability of the Haar wavelets are shown by comparing frequencies with those available in the literature. Three-dimensional mode shapes in the fundamental mode for all four boundary conditions are presented.
Originality/value
Based on the Haar wavelet method, a free axisymmetric vibration model of a porous thin annular plate is solved in which 2-D variation of mechanical properties is considered.
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Yanan Luo, Qizheng Li and Shizhe Song
The purpose of this investigation was to study the erosion-corrosion behavior of ZHMn55-3-1 copper alloy in seawater (flow velocity from 0 to 0.8 m/s, sediment content from 0 to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to study the erosion-corrosion behavior of ZHMn55-3-1 copper alloy in seawater (flow velocity from 0 to 0.8 m/s, sediment content from 0 to 0.15 percent), to analyze the effects of the flow velocity and sediment content on the erosion-corrosion process.
Design/methodology/approach
A simulated erosion-corrosion test system was set up. Weight loss determinations and electrochemical measurements (such as potentiostat square wave (PSW), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests) were used to study the erosion-corrosion behavior of ZHMn55-3-1 copper alloy in stagnant and flowing seawater with different sediment contents.
Findings
Under the test conditions, ZHMn55-3-1 copper alloys had good corrosion resistance to stagnant clear seawater, while increasing the flow velocity and sediment content reduced the corrosion resistance of the material. The difference in the erosion-corrosion mechanism between flow velocity and sediment content was that the former affected both the cathode process and the anode process of electrochemical corrosion, while the latter essentially affected only the anode process.
Originality/value
This paper explains the effects of flow velocity and sediment content on the erosion-corrosion behavior of ZHMn55-3-1 copper alloy in flowing seawater.
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Shijing Liu, Hongyu Jin, Chunlu Liu, Benzheng Xie and Anthony Mills
The purpose of this paper is to examine public–private partnership (PPP) approaches for the construction of rental retirement villages in Australia and to allocate the investment…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine public–private partnership (PPP) approaches for the construction of rental retirement villages in Australia and to allocate the investment proportions under a certain project return rate among three investors which are the government, private sectors and pension funds. The apportionment will achieve a minimum overall investment risk for the project.
Design/methodology/approach
Capital structure, particularly determination of investment apportionment proportions, is one of the key factors affecting the success of PPP rental retirement villages. Markowitz mean-variance model was applied to examine the investment allocations with minimum project investment risks under a certain projected return rate among the PPP partners for the construction of rental retirement villages.
Findings
The research findings validate the feasibility of the inclusion of pension funds in the construction of PPP rental retirement villages and demonstrate the existence of relationships between the project return rate and the investment allocation proportions.
Originality/value
This paper provides a quantitative approach for determination of the investment proportions among PPP partners to enrich the theory of PPP in relation to the construction of rental retirement villages. This has implications for PPP partners and can help these stakeholders make vital contributions in developing intellectual wealth in the PPP investment area while providing them with a detailed guide to decision making and negotiation in relation to investment in PPP rental retirement villages.
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Zongwu Xie, Xiaoyu Zhao, Yu Zhang, Qi Zhang, Haitao Yang, Kui Sun and Minghe Jin
The purpose of this paper is to develop an easily implemented and practical stabilizing strategy for the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system. As the status of HIL system in the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an easily implemented and practical stabilizing strategy for the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system. As the status of HIL system in the ground verification experiment for space equipment keeps rising, the stability problems introduced by high stiffness of industrial robot and discretization of the system need to be solved ungently. Thus, the study of the system stability is essential and significant.
Design/methodology/approach
To study the system stability, a mathematical model is built on the basis of control circle. And root-locus and 3D root-locus method are applied to the model to figure out the relationship between system stability and system parameters.
Findings
The mathematical model works well in describing the HIL system in the process of capturing free-floating targets, and the stabilizing strategy can be adopted to improve the system dynamic characteristic which meets the needs of the practical application.
Originality/value
A method named 3D root-locus is extended from traditional root-locus method. And the improved method graphically displays the stability of the system under the influence of multivariable. And the strategy that stabilize the system with elastic component has a strong feasible and promotional value.
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Shijing Liu, Hongyu Jin, Chunlu Liu, Benzheng Xie and Anthony Mills
Targeting public–private partnership (PPP) rental retirement villages, the purpose of this paper is to bring forward the solution of insufficient research in a non-competitive…
Abstract
Purpose
Targeting public–private partnership (PPP) rental retirement villages, the purpose of this paper is to bring forward the solution of insufficient research in a non-competitive guarantee (a restrictive agreement) towards the compensation and guarantee costs in consideration of benefit redistribution if the governments are unable to keep the promise on guarantee provision.
Design/methodology/approach
Real option principles are applied to assess the public–private investment proportions and the expected return rates of the private sector in a non-competitive guarantee and analyse their effects on the public–private benefit and risk allocations as well as the success of the project. Instead of granting direct capital support, this research accomplishes the compensation of non-competition guarantee by adjusting the project benefit distribution ratios between the government and the private sector to achieve the option value of the guarantee. An empirical example with alternative scales, which is developed from an existing rental village in Geelong, is used to numerically verify the research process.
Findings
The results illustrate that the option value of the non-competition guarantee plays an important role in supporting the implementation of the PPP rental retirement village projects. The option value of the non-competition guarantee has a close relationship with the guarantee level and the government guarantee cost, which is positively correlated with the guarantee level and negatively correlated with the government guarantee cost. To reduce the government guarantee cost, the government should carefully determine the public–private investment proportion, appropriately control the return rate of the private sector and approve the construction of the new project after the investment recovery of the private sector.
Research limitations/implications
This research mainly focusses on the economic loss of the government due to the guarantee responsibility. Further research could be conducted to determine the guarantee level more precisely and take the social cost of the government guarantees into consideration.
Originality/value
This research is the first attempt to investigate the government compensation and costs of non-competition guarantee for PPP rental retirement village projects and will enhance the understanding of the nature of PPP applications. The evaluation process and the implementation of the compensation through the adjustment of benefit distribution provides a comprehensive method to analyse the non-competition guarantee of PPP projects and help the parties negotiate in good faith to agree on a method of redress.
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What is the relation between the land system with Chinese characteristics and the country's high-speed economic growth in the past decades? There is a lack of rigorous academic…
Abstract
Purpose
What is the relation between the land system with Chinese characteristics and the country's high-speed economic growth in the past decades? There is a lack of rigorous academic research based on the general equilibrium theory of macroeconomics on this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
By building a multisector dynamic general equilibrium framework with land system, this paper explores how the land supply mode with Chinese characteristics affects China's economic growth as well as its transmission mechanism.
Findings
This paper confirms the importance of land system with Chinese characteristics in explaining the mystery of China's high-speed economic growth. Counterfactual analysis shows that if China adopts a land system similar to that of other developing countries, GDP will drop 36% from the current level under the baseline model.
Originality/value
As the industrial sector shrinks relatively and the output elasticity of infrastructure decreases, this inhibitory effect will become more apparent. China should improve its land supply mode, especially expand the supply of commercial and residential land and reduce the cost of land in the service sector. This can promote better economic development in the future and thus improve household welfare and the structure of aggregate demand, replace “land-based public finance” and thus inhibit the “high leverage” risks of local governments.