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Article
Publication date: 12 February 2018

Sijo M.T., Jayadevan K.R. and Sheeja Janardhanan

Stir casting is a promising technique used for the manufacture of Al-SiC metal matrix composites. The clustering of reinforcement particles is a serious concern in this production…

148

Abstract

Purpose

Stir casting is a promising technique used for the manufacture of Al-SiC metal matrix composites. The clustering of reinforcement particles is a serious concern in this production method. In this work, mushy-state solidification characteristics in stir casting are numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics techniques to study the clustering of reinforcement particles.

Design/methodology/approach

Effects of process parameters on the distribution of particles are examined by varying stirrer speed, volume fraction of reinforcement, number of blades on stirrer and diameter ratio (ratio of crucible diameter to stirrer diameter). Further, investigation of characteristics of cooling curves during solidification process is carried out. Volume of fluid method in conjunction with a solidification model is used to simulate the multi-phase fluid flow during the mushy-state solidification. Solidification patterns thus obtained clearly indicate a strong influence of process parameters on the distribution of reinforcement particles and solidification time.

Findings

From the simulation study, it is observed that increase in stirrer speed from 50 to 150 rad/s promotes faster solidification rate. But, beyond 100 rad/s, stirrer speed limit, clustering of reinforcement particles is observed. The clustering of reinforcement particles is seen when volume fraction of reinforcement is increased beyond 10 per cent. When number of blades on stirrer are increased from three to five, an increase in solidification rate is observed, and an uneven distribution of reinforcement particles are observed for five-blade geometry. It is also seen from the simulation study that a four-blade stirrer gives a better distribution of reinforcement in the molten metal. Decrease in diameter ratio from 2.5 to 1.5 promotes faster solidification rate.

Originality/value

There is 90 per cent closeness in results for simulation study and the published experimental results.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 15 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 12 September 2019

Sam Joshy, Jayadevan K.R., Ramesh A. and Mahipal D.

In hot forging, a significant amount of forging force is used for overcoming frictional force at the die-billet interface. The high frictional force along with thermomechanical…

91

Abstract

Purpose

In hot forging, a significant amount of forging force is used for overcoming frictional force at the die-billet interface. The high frictional force along with thermomechanical stress lead to wear, plastic deformation, mechanical fatigue and cracks, which reduce the service life of hot forging dies. Of all these different types of issues, wear is the predominant mode of failure in hot forging dies. This paper aims to describe mechanisms of wear transition in different loads at near forging temperature, occurring during sliding of chromium-based H11 tool steel specimens.

Design/methodology/approach

High temperature pin-on-disc tests are performed with pin specimens machined from bars of X38CrMoV5 steel, heat treated to surface hardness of 40-42 HRc. The disc is made of EN 31 steel with hardness of 60-62 HRc. Tests are performed at constant temperature of 500°C, and the normal load was varied from 20 to 70 N.

Findings

Scanning electron microscopy investigations on worn surface have revealed that wear is primarily due to abrasion and plastic deformation. The test results show an increasing trend in wear rate with increase in load up to 30 N, followed by a reversal in trend until 50 N. This transition in wear rate is caused by development of wear resistant layers, which are formed by compaction of wear debris particles on to the worn surfaces. These compact layers are found to be stable during load range from 40 and 50 N. However, with further increase in load, abrasive wear tracks are observed without any evidence of protective layers. As a result, there is an increase in wear rate with increase in loads above 50 N. In addition, plastic shearing was dominant over abrasive wear at this load regime.

Originality/value

The study on wear behaviour of H11 hot forging steel at 20 to 70 N will be an input to the research in hot forming industries.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 29 August 2019

Sam Joshy, Jayadevan K.R., Ramesh A. and Mahipal D.

The prime task of research in hot forging industry is to improve the service life of forging dies. The in-service microstructural changes that may occur in a die during hot…

117

Abstract

Purpose

The prime task of research in hot forging industry is to improve the service life of forging dies. The in-service microstructural changes that may occur in a die during hot forging is expected to significantly affect the service life. The purpose of this work is to analyse the microstructural evolution of double tempered hot forging dies in a real industrial environment, and the correlation of microstructural and microhardness evolution to the in-service wear and plastic deformation.

Design/methodology/approach

Specific hot forging tests were carried out on double tempered AISI H11 chromium tool steel for 100, 500 and 1,000 forging strokes. Macro analysis was conducted on die cross section to analyse the wear and plastic deformation at different stages of forging cycles. Microhardness and microstructural analyses were performed on the die surface after these forging tests.

Findings

The macro analysis on the transverse section of dies shows that wear is predominant during initial forging strokes, whereas plastic deformation is observed in later stages. Microstructural analyses demonstrate that during first 500 forging cycles, carbide population decreases at 63 per cent higher rate as compared to corresponding drop during 501 to 1,000 forging cycles. Additionally, the carbide size increases at all stages of forging cycle. Further, microstructural images from dies after 1,000 forging strokes show clustering and spherodisation of carbides by which the “blocky”-shaped carbides in pre-forging samples had spherodised to form “elongated spherical” structures.

Practical implications

The findings of this work can be used in hot forging industries to predict amount of wear and plastic deformation at different stages of service. From the results of this work, the service life of double tempered H11 hot forging dies used in forging without lubrication is within 501 to 1,000 forgings.

Originality/value

Most of the literatures are focussed on the cyclic softening of material at constant temperature. This work analyses the microstructural evolution of double tempered hot forging dies in a real industrial environment and correlates the microstructural and microhardness evolution to the in-service wear and plastic deformation.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 9 September 2024

Nilesh Kumar and Jatinder Kumar

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the surface integrity features, including surface roughness (SR), recast layer (RL), material migration, topography and wire wear…

29

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the surface integrity features, including surface roughness (SR), recast layer (RL), material migration, topography and wire wear pattern in rough and trim-cut wire electric discharge machine (WEDM) of hybrid composite (Al6061-90%/SiC-2.5%/TiB2-7.5%).

Design/methodology/approach

Effects of four important factors, namely, rough-cut history (RCH), pulse on time (Ton), peak current (IP) and wire offset (WO) have been assessed on the responses of interest for trim-cut WEDM. Box–Behnken design (RSM) was used to formulate the experimentation plan. Quantitative indices of surface integrity, namely, SR and RL, and selected samples have been investigated for qualitative analysis, namely, surface topography, material migration and wire wear pattern.

Findings

Ton and IP are found to be most significant, whereas RCH and WO are found insignificant for SR. Ton and WO were found to be the most significant factors affecting RL. After trim cut, an RL of thickness 8.26 µm is observed if the initial rough cut has been accomplished at high discharge energy setting. Whereas the best value of RL thickness, i.e. 5.36 µm, can be realized with low level of RCH. A significant decrease in the presence of foreign materials is recorded, indicating its strong correlation with the discharge energy used during machining.

Originality/value

Investigation on surface integrity features for machining of hybrid composite through rough and trim-cut WEDM has been reported by only a limited number of researchers in the past. This study is attempted at fulfilling few vital gaps by addressing the issues such as evaluation of the efficacy of trim cutting under different discharge energy conditions (using RCH), analysis of wire wear pattern in both rough and trim-cut modes and investigation of the wire breakage phenomenon during machining.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 96 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2004

Jaroslav Mackerle

This paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element modelling and simulation of indentation testing from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The…

2071

Abstract

This paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element modelling and simulation of indentation testing from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The bibliography lists references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations that were published between 1990 and 2002. At the end of this paper, 509 references are listed dealing with subjects such as, fundamental relations and modelling in indentation testing, identification of mechanical properties for specific materials, fracture mechanics problems in indentation, scaling relationship for indentation, indenter geometry and indentation testing.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 2 November 2020

Vishal R. Mehta and Mayur P. Sutaria

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of temperature, load and sliding speed on wear and friction behavior of LM25/SiC composites in as-cast and heat-treated…

69

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of temperature, load and sliding speed on wear and friction behavior of LM25/SiC composites in as-cast and heat-treated conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The LM25/SiC aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) were prepared using the stir casting process. The wear tests were carried out using a pin-on-disc setup in dry condition. The three levels of each parameter, i.e. 100, 150 and 200°C operating temperature; 15, 25 and 35 N load; 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4 m/sec sliding speed, were considered for the investigation. ANOVA has been carried out to evaluate the percentage contribution of parameters. Scanning electron microscope analysis of worn surfaces has been carried out to understand the wear mechanism.

Findings

The wear and coefficient of friction (COF) increase with the increase in the temperature, load and sliding speed within a selected range for as-cast as well as heat-treated LM25/SiC AMCs. The mean values of wear and COF in heat-treated samples were found to be lower than as-cast samples for all cases. It was observed that the percentage wear increases significantly as temperature increases in as-cast AMCS. Mild to severe wear transition was observed at 150°C. In heat-treated AMCs, mild wear was observed irrespective of temperature. It was also observed that as the temperature increases, transition of wear mechanism from abrasive to adhesive (including delamination) occurs earlier in as-cast samples as compared to heat-treated samples.

Originality/value

There is a lack of data on combined effect of temperature, load and sliding speed on tribological aspects of as-cast and heat-treated LM25/SiC AMCs, limiting its applications. The present research work has addressed this gap.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 18 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 29 September 2022

Thamaraiselvan Natarajan, Jayadevan Geetha Raveendran Nair and Jegan Jayapal

This study aims to experimentally investigate branded functional beverage (BFB) consumption behaviour post-COVID-19 through the lens of a conceptual framework built on three…

816

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to experimentally investigate branded functional beverage (BFB) consumption behaviour post-COVID-19 through the lens of a conceptual framework built on three renowned behaviour modification models and to critically evaluate how well subjective norms serve as a moderator in the consumption behaviour relating to such beverage products.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model was developed based on the tenets of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), health belief model (HBM) and value-attitude-behaviour (VAB) model. The study was performed on a convenience sample of 537 respondents aged 18 and up from diverse regions in India using the PLS-SEM method. A total of 444 useable questionnaires were utilized for the final data analysis.

Findings

Given the post-pandemic setting, the perceived benefits of BFBs significantly influenced its purchase intention and consumption behaviour. It could grossly impact the media's role (information about COVID-19) and the consumers' interest in healthy food. The study revealed that the information about COVID-19 (role of media) strongly increased interest in healthy food, whereas interest in healthy food positively influenced purchase intention of functional beverages. With interest in healthy food as a “mediator”, the role of media (information about COVID-19) positively influenced purchase intention. It is worth noting the moderating role of subjective norms in the relationship between the role of media (information about COVID-19) and interest in healthy food and that between interest in healthy food and BFB purchase intention.

Practical implications

Food marketers shall skillfully use “opinion” leaders and subject experts in marketing communication campaigns to popularize the link between good food and immunity through COVID-19 and healthy diet-related messages sent via a suitable media platform. This would grab food consumers' interest in BFBs and persuade them to incorporate such items in their daily food milieu. Consumers need to be assured that consuming “functional” products would deliver health benefits and upkeep their body immunity in the post-COVID-19 times.

Originality/value

There has been minimal research on the link between perceived benefits, the role of media, interest in healthy food and consumption behaviour on functional beverages in the post-COVID-19 setting. Moreover, subjective norms have never been probed as a moderator in the consumer behaviour studies on BFBs. This pioneering study applied the tenets of the TPB, HBM and VAB model in the context of post-pandemic functional beverage consumption. The altered study settings caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the context of a developing economy like India have amplified the research value of this study.

Details

Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-4323

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Article
Publication date: 14 September 2021

Thamaraiselvan Natarajan and Jayadevan G.R.

This conceptual paper aims to study the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic’s impact on branded functional beverages consumption in India. There is a sincere effort to…

804

Abstract

Purpose

This conceptual paper aims to study the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic’s impact on branded functional beverages consumption in India. There is a sincere effort to critically review the role of some vital determinants of consumer behaviour and to develop an integrated model for branded functional beverages consumption behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic and extensive literature review was performed by searching electronic databases relating to consumer acceptance and purchase behaviour of functional beverages in India from 2000 to 2021. This study also reviewed very recent literature on the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global consumer traits, buying behaviour, marketing trends and psychographic behaviour.

Findings

The extensive review of the literature yielded results that shed light on some crucial factors propelling branded functional beverages’ consumption behaviour in India, especially in the COVID-19 scenario.

Research limitations/implications

The study is based purely on a conceptual understanding of branded functional beverages’ consumption behaviour among Indian consumers. The conceptual framework proposed here results from the review of past literature. Therefore, the scientific world is invigorated to test further the implications presented in this study empirically.

Practical implications

The conceptual framework proposed here concerning consumer behaviour in functional beverages would guide the food marketers to segment and position their functional food offerings, mainly beverage variants, in the post-pandemic scenario. Moreover, the study findings enable policymakers to craft food policies to uphold the noble cause of moulding a healthy generation.

Originality/value

The COVID-19 pandemic has virtually shattered our food system and modified our associations with food in many different ways. The perception of health risks associated with COVID-19 might have influenced people’s food purchase and consumption behaviours. It is proposed that health-conscious people would prefer more health-promoting foods and beverages to strengthen their immunity. Several reports disclose that food consumers in India demand functional foods and beverages more extensively than before to include in their daily food basket. A detailed literature review revealed an evident shortage of research studies regarding consumer behaviour in functional beverages in India. No prior research works could be identified as to why consumers prefer functional beverages to benefit their overall health and immunity and what guides them to purchase or not to purchase such products, especially in the post-pandemic scenario. Therefore, this research work would be a primer that would guide future studies investigating consumers’ attitudes and purchasing behaviour of branded functional beverages.

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 20 February 2025

Sangho Kim

This study estimates the impact of growth transmitted from a near economic center (NEC) to neighboring countries in boosting the growth of Asian countries.

0

Abstract

Purpose

This study estimates the impact of growth transmitted from a near economic center (NEC) to neighboring countries in boosting the growth of Asian countries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study constructs the NEC of a country and combines it with the Penn World Tables database. The study estimates the impact of NEC on the economic growth of Asian countries over the period 1950–2019. The study also identifies the factors that boost the delivery of neighboring effects.

Findings

Estimation results show that a country’s output growth increases by about 0.14% when NEC’s output growth increases by 1%.

Practical implications

This study suggests that Asian growth benefited from a developed country that transmits economic prosperity to neighboring countries.

Social implications

This study suggests that a country should have a good economic relationship with neighboring countries to boost economic growth.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature as follows: First, this is the first study that investigated spatial externality in growth between neighboring countries in Asia. Secondly, this study empirically tests the flying geese model in Asian growth. Thirdly, the study investigates the factors that facilitate growth spillover between countries.

Details

Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2515-964X

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Article
Publication date: 10 May 2013

Hemanta Saikia, Dibyojyoti Bhattacharjee and Atanu Bhattacharjee

The purpose of this study is to identify the cricketers who were able to justify their salary by their on‐field performance in the Indian Premier League (IPL).

533

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the cricketers who were able to justify their salary by their on‐field performance in the Indian Premier League (IPL).

Design/methodology/approach

A measure is developed to quantify the batting, bowling and wicket keeping performance of a cricketer into one single index called as the performance index. Based on the performance index of cricketers, from first three seasons of IPL, and using the binomial option pricing model, the neutral present values of the cricketers are determined. The distributional pattern of the present values of cricketers is identified and cricketers are classified based on the level of present values. Similarly, the distributional pattern of the bid prices of cricketers is identified and the cricketers are classified on the level of their bid prices. The cross tabulation of the classified bid prices and classified present values, can be used to identify the cricketers who were able to justify their salaries.

Findings

The study can spell out which players had amplified their bid prices and to what extent by their on‐field performances.

Research limitations/implications

The performance measure developed in the paper does not consider the fielding skill of the cricketers, as there is no established measure for fielding performance in the game of cricket. Another limitation of the study is that the risk neutral probabilities for the upward and downward states, for the different time periods are assumed to be constant. However, in real life situations these risk neutral probabilities may not be constant for the different time periods.

Practical implications

The proposed model of performance measurement can also be used in several other professional sports. As the idea of IPL works, on franchisee‐system based of hiring players and transfers, so the same model can be applicable to all such sports like football, rugby, baseball where such system exists. This may be helpful to the franchisee to decide on which players should be considered and who should to be dropped for a given price. The players can also use this model to understand what their market price should be and ensure that they are not underpaid.

Originality/value

The article is the first of its kind and hence original in nature.

Details

Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, vol. 3 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-678X

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