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Relates to the development of high temperature resistant coating applicable in the temperature range of 500°C to 700°C. A1₂O₃, TiO₂ and ZrO₂ have been incorporated in aluminium phosphate and ivory‐400 used as binders. Aluminium phosphate as a binder has not performed well in comparison to ivory‐400. Aims mainly to study and to highlight the behaviour of the corrosion‐resistant coating at high temperature.

Change in the public sector appears to be often met with practices borrowed from the private sector. However, implementing private sector practices is challenging (Brown, Waterhouse, & Flynn, 2003), as, for example, the range of stakeholders and their legitimate demands are greater in the public sector (Wæraas & Byrkjeflot, 2012; Leitch & Davenport, 2002), and due to the political nature of affairs, there is more complexity and uncertainty (Sanders & Canel, 2013). In fact, when it comes to change, the public sector can be very different from the private sector due to its often more bureaucratic processes, political nature of decisions and obligations for both transparency and equality.

This chapter focuses on three core areas of organisational change communication: organisational culture, employees and management. The chapter reports findings from a systematic literature review of articles from 1990 to 2016 using thematic analysis in order to answer three research questions: Is change in the public sector different from change in the private sector? What is the perceived role of communication for public sector change efforts? What insights can be found from previous literature about three topics connected with change communication: employees, organisational culture and management?

To begin, we ask whether it is actually true that public sector change differs from private sector change. Then we will examine the results of the literature review on each of these three aspects: (1) organisational culture, (2) public sector employees and (3) change management. We will summarise our findings and will conclude with three propositions for future studies on public sector change communication, which all highlight the rising importance of engagement.

Attempts to study the effect of heat‐treated AISI 304 stainless steel in a nitrated‐sulphuric acid environment. Potentiodynamic polarization studies of heat‐treated AISI 304 SS samples were carried out in 75 per cent H₂SO₄ ‐ 25 per cent HNO₃ acid environment using a PARC‐273 potentiostat/galvanostat. For comparison, potentiodynamic polarization studies of untreated AISI 304 SS were also carried out under similar conditions. Potential versus current density were plotted and the values of Ip and Ic were calculated. The curve depicts that the value of I_corr increases with increasing heat treatment temperature and time of exposure. Abrupt changes in Icorr were observed in the sample heat‐treated at 500°C and 600°C for 120 minutes and 60 minutes respectively. Infers that heat treatment temperature and time of exposure to heat accelerated the corrosion in the acid. Attributes this to precipitation of chromium carbide at the grain boundaries.

This article investigates different terms and concepts of paradox dimensions in Public Administration because these terms are often used interchangeably. The aim is to reveal the theoretically based macro-level concepts and establish a common ground for a shared dialogue about managing paradoxes in the field.

This article uses a complementary review approach. First, a systematic literature review is executed to identify the macro-level paradox concepts and to capture their theoretical common ground. Second, the problematizing literature review aims to reflect Public Administration literature with literature from outside the field, mainly from Organization Studies and General Management.

For the most part, the macro-level paradox concepts in Public Administration are used to illustrate the context or situation of another research topic, rather than as standalone theories to be conceptually or empirically explored. In 63 out of 589 articles, we found a theoretical definition of the mentioned macro-level paradox concept. This definition refers mainly to the sources of paradoxical situations and focuses less on the decisions and reactions thereto. Based on the review findings, an analytical model for the management of paradoxical situations in the public sector is provided and applied, followed by recommendations for further research.

This article aims to combine the macro-level paradox concepts in Public Administration with the insights of Paradox Theory and reveals that paradoxes could be a core topic in the field. Scholars in Public Administration could approach paradoxical situations from their own perspective while simultaneously strengthening the field’s identity by encouraging multiperspectivity.

As climate change increasingly affects rural food production, there is an urgent need to adopt agricultural adaptation strategies. Because the agricultural sector in Nepal is one of the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, the adaptation strategies of household farmers in rural areas are crucial. This study aims to address the impacts of agricultural climate change adaptation strategies in Nepal. The research empirically analyzed climate hazards, adaptation strategies and local adaptation plans in Mangalsen Municipality, Achham District, Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal.

This study used a purposive sampling of household lists, categorized as resource-rich, resource-poor and intermediate households. The analysis used primary data from 110 household surveys conducted among six focus groups and 30 informants were selected for interviews through purposive random sampling.

Climate change significantly impacts rainfall patterns and temperature, decreasing agriculture productivity and increasing household vulnerability. To overcome these negative impacts, it is crucial to implement measures such as efficient management of farms and livestock. A comprehensive analysis of Nepalese farmers' adaptation strategies to climate change has been conducted, revealing important insights into their coping mechanisms. By examining the correlation between farmers' strategies and the role of the local government, practical policies can be developed for farmers at the local level.

This study represents a significant breakthrough in the authors' understanding of this issue within the context of Nepal. It has been conclusively demonstrated that securing land tenure or land security and adopting appropriate agricultural methods, such as agroforestry, can be instrumental in enabling Nepalese households to cope with the effects of climate change effectively.

This study aimed to identify the main and emerging structural patterns in the growth of the literature on probiotic research in food science, analyze current trends and determine gaps and present future projections.

A total of 1,301 scientific documents retrieved from Scopus database dated from 1993 to 2021 were analyzed by using bibliometric and scientometric tools.

The most influencer journals, leading countries and hotspots were identified by scientometric mapping. “Lactic acid bacteria”, “lactobacillus”, “lactobacillus plantarum”, “viability”, “functional foods” and “microencapsulation” were the top keywords that indicate main emerging areas. After a clear understanding of the current situation, future directions can be better projected. Therefore, investigating new probiotic microorganisms with advanced health promoting properties, adapting the new organisms to various food formulations, identifying the probiotic potential of unexplored traditional fermented foods and developing of nondairy probiotic foods can be the studies of the future.

Probiotic concept has been revised during years and valuable knowledge has been accumulated over past decades. The findings demonstrate the development and trends of probiotic related food science researches. This is the first study to address the limitations of prior systematic literature reviews by applying network analysis and guide future works to fill the identified gaps.

The probiotic concept has been revised for years and valuable knowledge has been accumulated. Within the expanding literature, scientometric and bibliometric analysis will provide valuable contribution for identifying the main patterns, analyzing current trends, determining gaps and presenting future projection. This work presents detailed analysis to determine tendencies in probiotic research in food science.

There is a need to improve stability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and probiotics in fermented milks especially at elevated temperatures. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of yeast Williopsis saturnus var. saturnus on stability of LAB and probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in fermented milks.

Fermented milks were made from reconstituted whole milk with different milk solids contents. The milk was fermented with L. rhamnosus DR20 with and without yoghurt cultures. The treatment had yeast added, whereas the control did not. Fermented milks were incubated at different temperatures and samples were taken regularly for microbial count determination.

The effect of the yeast on stability of L. bulgaricus and L. rhamnosus varied with temperatures: no effect at 4 and 40 ^○C, increasing effects from 10 to 30^○C with enhanced lactobacilli survival by 10² to 10⁷‐fold. The yeast enhanced L. bulgaricus and L. rhamnosus stability by approximately 10⁶ to 10⁷‐fold in fermented milks with 5 per cent w/v and 20 per cent w/v milk solids at 30 ^○C.

Use of live yeast has limitations. The yeast must not ferment lactose and galactose, and fermentable sugars cannot be used as sweeteners to avoid yeast growth. Further understanding of the interaction between yeast and LAB may eliminate the need to add viable yeast.

Use of yeast to enhance stability of LAB and probiotics is a novel concept. Addition of selected yeast could be an effective means of enhancing stability of LAB and probiotics in fermented milks to extend shelf‐life and to retain nutritional value.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the growth and viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (L. rhamnosus GR-1) in carrot juice (CJ), carrot apple juice (CAJ), carrot orange juice (COJ) and carrot beet juice (CBJ) over 72 h of fermentation and 30 days of refrigerated storage at 4°C. The secondary objective is to evaluate sensory properties.

Four vegetable juice samples were inoculated with the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GR-1 and fermented for 72 h. To observe the samples’ storage ability, the samples were refrigerated for 30 days. Microbial enumeration was conducted throughout the fermentation and storage periods to determine the viability of L. rhamnosus GR-1. Sensory evaluation with 106 participants was also conducted to assess the consumer acceptability of the vegetable juices.

All tested samples achieved mean microbial counts of at least 109 CFU/ml. During the 72-h fermentation period significant differences in microbial counts in juices CJ (p = 0.001), CAJ (p = 0.031), COJ (p = 0.047) and CBJ (p = 0.001) were observed. Over the 30-day storage period, significant differences in microbial counts were only found in juices CJ (p = 0.001) and COJ (p = 0.019). A significant decline in pH (p = 0.001) was also observed during 72 h of fermentation and 30-days of cold storage. Sensory evaluation of all juices showed significant differences in sensory attributes such as appearance (p = 0.001), flavour (p = 0.001), texture (p = 0.001) and overall acceptability (p = 0.001). Sensory results showed that the probiotic CBJ and CJ had the highest hedonic scores for flavour, texture and overall acceptability (p = 0.001) among participants. This study demonstrated that non-dairy vegetable juices could be an alternative to dairy-based probiotic products.

Commercially available probiotic dairy-based foods make up a large sector of the consumer market. However, the growing consumer interest in healthful eating has led to an increased demand for plant-based products. The probiotic L. rhamnosus GR-1 provides numerous therapeutic benefits, such as reducing the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis, yeast and urinary tract infections. The results of this study may have a significant influence on the health of individuals, especially in less economically developed countries.

This paper explores the application of blockchain technology in the public cultural sector, where adoption remains limited despite its potential. The study identifies major use case scenarios and empirical examples of blockchain adoption in public sector cultural services through a scoping literature review.

A scoping literature review was conducted to map research and conceptual approaches to blockchain technology in the public cultural sector, focusing on key use cases emerging and empirical examples.

The review reveals that while blockchain has the potential to enhance public cultural services, its adoption is still in its early stages. Identified use cases include tokenization of cultural assets, digital rights management and decentralized funding models. Empirical examples in the public cultural sector are sparse, and the impact of the technology remains largely theoretical.

The study is limited by the scarcity of empirical data on blockchain adoption in public cultural services. Future research should focus on in-depth case studies and empirical analyses to understand the practical implications of blockchain in this sector.

Public sector organizations offering cultural services may use these insights to guide blockchain adoption and implementation decisions.

Blockchain adoption in public cultural services has the potential to democratize access, enhance transparency and foster community engagement, contributing to a more inclusive and participatory cultural ecosystem.

This paper contributes to the emerging discourse on blockchain in the public sector, focusing on the often-overlooked cultural services. It highlights the benefits and challenges of blockchain adoption in this sector, providing insights for future research and policy decisions.

This study aims to evaluate the nutritional habits, eating behavior and nutritional status of children with autism.

This study was conducted with 60 boys and 16 girls diagnosed with autism (mean age: 8.3 ± 4.9 years). Research data were collected from parents of children with autism using a questionnaire form developed by researchers after literature searching. The height and body weight of the children were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.

Almost half of the children except the 13–18 age group were overweight/obese according to BMI. Difficulty in giving new food was 73.1% in the 2–5 age group, 70% in the 6–12 age group and 40% in the 13–18 age group (p = 0.04). It was determined that the children refused to consume a median of 3 (1–8) types of food (p = 0.04) and were obsessed with consuming 2 (1–4) types of food and 1 (1–4) type of beverages. Additionally, milk and dairy products were refused significantly higher between 2–5 and 6–12 years than 13–18 years (p = 0.02). Also, it was found that age had an inverse effect on refusal food number (β = 0.38, 95% CI = −0.30 − −0.08, p = 0.01). In conclusion, obesity and nutritional problems such as food selectivity, food refusal and obsessive eating behavior are encountered in children with autism which affect children socially and physically and should not be ignored when planning the treatment of children with autism.

The lack of a control group to compare the results of children with autism is an important limitation of the study.

This study fulfills a defined need to examine and evaluate Turkish children’s nutritional status, nutritional habits and eating behavior with autism.