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One of the charges often made against wet liners is the difficulty of ensuring a perfect seal between liner and cylinder block. It is vital that sealing rings should effectively prevent leakage of coolant into the crankcase, prevent lubricating oil entering the coolant circuit and avoid distortion of the cylinder liner. The author maintained that there are no difficulties when the design is correct and the right type of seals are used. There are three basic types of wet liner in general use as illustrated in Fig. 1. Types X and Y are sealed at the top by compression of the flange while the lower end is sealed by rubber rings. This paper deals with these types of seal only.

The seventh annual report of the Motor Industry Research Association, covering the year ended 30th June, 1952, has recently been published. It is very satisfactory to note that the Association is increasing its number of members which now stands at 934, made up of 817 who subscribe through the S.M.M. & T. and 117 directly.

The hardness of metallic chromium coupled with its corrosion resistance make it an admirable material for wear resistance, and it has been applied to many wearing parts with success.

MOST modern internal combustion piston engines when under power have such a contented purr that many people contend that no serious lubrication problems of a technical variety remain to be solved, and that the only problems worth mentioning are those which are solely of an economic nature. Such views are, in their own way, flattering to the oil manufacturer who has striven hard, in conjunction with engine manufacturers, to bring these engines to a high pitch of reliability in a relatively short time. However, complacency in a world of change can be a dangerous thing.

Leadership in higher education has become of increasing importance as the size of the enterprise has grown, and this has naturally led to a growing research interest in the topic. Using systematic review methods, this chapter interrogates and synthesises the research literature on leadership in higher education in terms of its meanings, application and practice, and the issues and critiques raised. It concludes that research into leadership in higher education has been both extensive and global in nature, identifying a variety of understandings, practices and approaches adopted, and the continuing dominance of white men in senior leadership positions. There is clearly scope for more research on this topic, which could both emphasise different issues and give greater recognition to the particular nature of higher education and higher education institutions.

The boundaries between what is a healthy response to stress and anxiety and what is abnormal are often difficult to determine, especially in primary care. Even symptoms of conditions such as psychoses and dementia can present as relatively normal behaviour. This paper considers depression in late life as an example of this tension. On the one hand, depressive symptoms may be viewed as an ‘understandable’ response to bereavement or physical illness, while, on the other, it can be a serious, disabling and life‐threatening condition if left untreated. Primary care has a key role to play in supporting depressed older people, through improved pattern recognition and diagnosis, by tailoring effective treatments to fit the individual, and by providing or signposting the older person to information and advice. This is a pivotal role that primary care plays in relation to other mental health problems that older people experience.

Given the complex nature of integrated care systems (ICSs), the geographical spread and the large number of organisations involved in partnership delivery, the importance of leadership cannot be overstated. This paper aims to present novel findings from a rapid realist review of ICS leadership in England. The overall review question was: how does leadership in ICSs work, for whom and in what circumstances?

Development of initial programme theories and associated context–mechanism–outcome configurations (CMOCs) were supported by the theory-gleaning activities of a review of ICS strategies and guidance documents, a scoping review of the literature and interviews with key informants. A refined programme theory was then developed by testing these CMOCs against empirical data published in academic literature. Following screening and testing, six CMOCs were extracted from 18 documents. The study design, conduct and reporting were informed by the Realist And Metanarrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) training materials (Wong et al., 2013).

The review informed four programme theories explaining that leadership in ICSs works when ICS leaders hold themselves and others to account for improving population health, a sense of purpose is fostered through a clear vision, partners across the system are engaged in problem ownership and relationships are built at all levels of the system.

Despite being a rigorous and comprehensive investigation, stakeholder input was limited to one ICS, potentially restricting insights from varied geographical contexts. In addition, the recent establishment of ICSs meant limited literature availability, with few empirical studies conducted. Although this emphasises the importance and originality of the research, this scarcity posed challenges in extracting and applying certain programme theory elements, particularly context.

This review will be of relevance to academics and health-care leaders within ICSs in England, offering critical insights into ICS leadership, integrating diverse evidence to develop new evidence-based recommendations, filling a gap in the current literature and informing leadership practice and health-care systems.

March 1, 1967 Negligence — Duty of care — Causation — Illiterate employee —Notice informing employees of availability of spats — Metal spinner's inability to read notice — Spinner splashed by molten metal — Spats not worn by majority of em‐ployees — Divergence of opinion among employees as to desirability of spats — Whether duty to provide spats fulfilled — Whether, if breach, a cause of accident.

This paper presents a realist evaluation of leadership within an integrated care system (ICS) in England. This paper aims to examine which aspects of leadership are effective, for whom, how and under what circumstances.

Realist evaluation methodology was used, adopting prior realist review findings as the theoretical framework to refine explanations of how and why leadership within an ICS is effective. Between January and November 2023, 23 interviews with ICS leaders took place, alongside 7 meeting observations and documentary analysis. The Realist And Metanarrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) guidance informed the study design, conduct and reporting.

The findings highlight two overarching infrastructural contexts influencing leadership in ICSs: the impact of the post-COVID-19 pandemic legacy and the differences between health and social care regulatory and financial environments. Findings demonstrate that ICS leaders identified a strong sense of purpose as crucial for guiding decisions and creating a psychologically safe environment for open, honest discussions, fostering calculated risk-taking. Whilst a shared vision directed priority setting, financial pressures led to siloed thinking. Leadership visibility was linked to workforce morale, with supportive leadership boosting morale amidst evolving ICS landscapes and confidence in data-driven decisions supported prevention activities. However, financial constraints hindered responsiveness and innovation in addressing health inequalities.

By examining ICS leadership post-COVID-19 pandemic and amidst varying regulatory and financial environments, this study contributes to the emerging literature on systems leadership and offers practical guidance for leaders navigating the complexities of integrated care.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the range, type and outcomes of technological innovations aimed at supporting older people to maintain their independence within the context of integrated care at home. We also discuss key emergent themes relevant to the use of person-centred technology for older people in integrated care and propose recommendations for policy and practice.

An integrative review methodology was used to identify and describe recent scientific publications in four stages: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation and data analysis.

Twelve studies were included in the review. Three studies described remote consultations, particularly telemedicine; five studies described tools to support self-management; three studies described the use of healthcare management tools, and one study described both remote consultation and self-care management. Emergent themes were: acceptability, accessibility and use of digital technologies; co-ordination and integration of services; the implementation of digital technologies; and safety and governance. Several recommendations are proposed relevant to integrated care teams, technology developers and researchers.

This review uniquely considers the extent to which novel digital technologies used in integrated care for older people are person-centred.