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THE engine and propeller when installed in an airframe transmit various loads to the aircraft structure through the engine mounting. These can be grouped as follows:

UPON completion of the design for the engine mounting it is most desirable that some ground testing should be carried out before the mounting is flight tested. These tests will provide information on the mounting resonances and modes of vibration, deflexions of the engine and mounting under load and they may also be extended to include proof and ultimate load tests for various critical flight cases. The degree of vibration isolation achieved can also be estimated bearing in mind the differences in suspension on the test beds compared with the actual aeroplane and any changes found to be necessary can be incorporated and tested more readily on the ground than in the air.

THE elastic members used in flexible engine mountings are nearly always made of rubber, cither natural or synthetic, bonded or unbonded. The reason for this is that although metallic springs could be designed to have the required stiffness properties they have very little natural damping and would allow very large amplitudes to build up at resonant conditions unless some external damping device such as friction disks or oil dashpots were employed. Also it is a difficult matter to anchor a metallic spring in such a way that fretting will not occur at the fixing point. Rubber on the other hand has considerable damping properties and it is this (plus its high specific resilience) which has largely determined its pre‐eminence in this field.

Early aircraft engines were usually bolted direct to the aircraft structure and no attempt was made to prevent the vibrations which they set up from being transmitted to the airframe. With increasing engine powers and the use of larger airscrews these vibrations eventually become of sufficient magnitude in some cases to cause annoyance to the occupants of the aircraft and also failure by fatigue of parts of the structure. Various attempts were made both to analyse the source of the vibrations with a view to eliminating them or reducing them to an acceptable magnitude. Where this was not possible attempts were made to isolate the disturbances from the airframe and its occupants. This paper presents the basic theory of vibration isolation and gives an account of the various sources of vibration met with in reciprocating, turbo‐propeller and pure‐jet installations. The loads acting on the engine during various conditions of flight are then examined as a knowledge of these is required in order to determine the strength of the supporting units. Various practical engine mounting configurations are then considered which will give vibration isolation together with adequate support of the engine under all conditions of flight. Some account is given of the properties of rubber and the design and testing of rubber vibration isolators, and some installation problems are examined. Finally, the complete programme of testing an installation both on the test‐bed and inflight to evaluate the degree of vibration isolation achieved is described, together with various criteria of acceptability both from a structural and physiological standpoint. A bibliography covering the various sections is included.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the growth of the early ski market and the marketing strategies that the Union Pacific Railroad took in promoting Sun Valley ski resort, one of the most popular early destination ski resorts in the USA.

The paper uses primary and secondary source material, including ski periodicals, national magazines and the manuscript collection of W. Averell Harriman, the Chairman of the Union Pacific Railroad during the creation of Sun Valley.

This paper finds that Sun Valley pioneered the western ski vacation by conducting careful market research into not only the snow and weather conditions of western mountains, but also into the habits and economic potential of skiers and winter tourists.

Scholarly work on skiing has primarily looked at the sport from the social and cultural perspective of skiers. Work on entrepreneurial objectives of ski resort designers has largely focused on the period after the Second World War. This is among the first works to analyze entrepreneurial activities and marketing strategies in the ski industry before the Second World War. As a result, the paper challenges the idea that big business only began to shape the ski industry during the Cold War. Instead, this paper shows that large corporations like the Union Pacific Railroad were influential in growing the ski market by building resorts that illustrated the importance of market segmentation to the success of ski areas. In this way, the paper challenges the popular idea that Sun Valley was merely a media sensation and shows that it was a carefully designed business that exhibited a nuanced approach to changes in the ski market.

Roots of global Terrorism are in ‘failed’ states carved out of multiracial empires after World Wars I and II in name of ‘national self‐determination’. Both sides in the Cold War competed to exploit the process of disintegration with armed and covert interventions. In effect, they were colluding at the expense of the ‘liberated’ peoples. The ‘Vietnam Trauma’ prevented effective action against the resulting terrorist buildup and blowback until 9/11. As those vultures come home to roost, the war broadens to en vision overdue but coercive reforms to the postwar system of nation states, first in the Middle East. Mirages of Vietnam blur the vision; can the sole Superpower finish the job before fiscal and/or imperial overstretch implode it?

Using a hierarchical component model conceptualization, this study aims to investigate the moderating role of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions (i.e., economic, environmental and social) on the impact of brand awareness towards consumer relationship intention.

This study used a two-stage disjoint approach of partial least squares structural equation modeling using data from 325 respondents based in a Southeast Asian region. The case of ecolabel brands was chosen as the context of the investigation.

The results suggest that brand awareness and perceived CSR dimensions positively impact consumer relationship intention. It was also observed that perceived CSR dimensions moderate the relationship between brand awareness and relationship intention. Consumers with more favorable sentiments of economic, environmental and social dimensions as reflected by the firms' CSR programs exhibit a higher degree of relationship intention.

Using the stakeholder theory as well as the brand value chain framework, this study adds to the literature regarding the significance of perceived CSR dimensions to better build and maintain relationships with the targeted customers of an environmentally friendly product. CSR strategies should be emphasized for relevant companies in terms of the economic, environmental and social aspects. According to this research, customer views about the three CSR initiative characteristics may act as a moderator in the interactions between consumer awareness and relationship intention.

CSR may be utilized in addition to traditional marketing communication to represent the firm's unique value proposition in the market. It is vital to create a CSR program that combines economic, environmental and social factors. Firms may collaborate with various stakeholders to ensure that their CSR initiatives include three elements.

This study adds to the literature on the moderating role of perceived CSR dimensions on the relationship of consumer brand awareness and relationship intention using the theoretical lens of the stakeholder theory and the brand value chain.

In addition to being one of the most commonly purchased items by infant caretakers, disposable baby diapers (DBDs) are among the most detrimental products to the environment. Shifting to a diapering method that is less harmful to the environment is an example of pro-environmental conduct. Hence, this study aims to examine how motivation, subjective norms, perceived benefits and perceived threats influence pro-environmental behavior (PEB) intention.

This research uses a two-stage disjoint approach of partial least squares structural equation modeling to examine the data. In the conceptual model, a combination of reflective-reflective second-order constructs is used in the motivation, perceived benefits and perceived threats. A total of 233 respondents from a developing economy in Southeast Asia provide the data.

This study suggests that perceived benefits (i.e. environmental, monetary and symbol) and threats (i.e. susceptibility and severity) are significant determinants of PEB. Surprisingly, motivation and subjective norms had no significant relationship with consumers' adoption of non-DBD alternatives.

To persuade caretakers to act in an environmentally responsible manner, the findings of this study imply that, where relevant, considerations for a wide variety of benefits and health risks should be made apparent. Environmental, financial and symbolic benefits should be shared with prospective target audiences. Caretakers should be warned of probable health effects of not being environmentally friendly. This study argues that caretakers' lack of information of non-DBD options may explain the insignificance of subjective norms and motivation.

This study contributes to the social marketing literature by examining the influence of motivation, subjective norms, perceived benefits and perceived threats on the intention to use more-environmentally friendly alternatives to DBDs as a manifestation of PEB.