D.J. Bartholomew, R.F.A. Hopes and A.R. Smith
The role of uncertainty in manpower planning is discussed and illustrated by reference to manpower planning in the Civil Service. The nature of the planning process is described…
Abstract
The role of uncertainty in manpower planning is discussed and illustrated by reference to manpower planning in the Civil Service. The nature of the planning process is described, and an account given of the principal statistical methods employed. Uncertainty is classified in terms of random error, specification error, estimation error and data error. Strategies for containing error are discussed, and examples used to illustrate the relative importance of each type. Parameter specification error is usually dominant, and experience suggests that sensitivity analysis is the most practical way of dealing with it. The mutually‐dependent roles of statistician and manager in the process of working towards effective decisions, and the importance of a flexible and continuous planning process which can adapt to the unexpected, are both stressed.
A.F. Forbes, R.W. Morgan and J.A. Rowntree
This paper describes the mathematical models used by the Civil Service Department for manpower planning supply work, their inter‐relationship, and the problems to which they are…
Abstract
This paper describes the mathematical models used by the Civil Service Department for manpower planning supply work, their inter‐relationship, and the problems to which they are suited. Mathematical detail is normally not included, the reader being referred to other publications.
G.A. Keenay, R.W. Morgan and K.H. Ray
Many large organizations employ staff who make the greater part of their careers within the organization. Today's recruits are tomorrow's senior managers and so the planning of…
Abstract
Many large organizations employ staff who make the greater part of their careers within the organization. Today's recruits are tomorrow's senior managers and so the planning of the careers of the staff is often undertaken with some care. The planners will want to avoid both shortages of suitably experienced staff for promotion to senior levels, and surpluses with their attendant problems of early retirement and redundancy schemes.
Work which has attracted the label manpower planning has been developed in many separate areas by people using a variety of distinct techniques or disciplines; these have been…
Abstract
Work which has attracted the label manpower planning has been developed in many separate areas by people using a variety of distinct techniques or disciplines; these have been applied in widely varying circumstances and on varying time‐scales to classes of people varying appreciably in number, kind and heterogeneity, and with a variety of ends in mind.
Haijuan Yang, Gail Krantzberg, Xiaohuan Dong and Xiwu Hu
This study aims to examine the impact of migration growth on environmental outcomes and local governance and assess how well the existing local municipal governance has responded…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of migration growth on environmental outcomes and local governance and assess how well the existing local municipal governance has responded to the environmental impact of increased migration influx in Ontario, Canada using the annual data during 2012–2021.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used the grey relational analysis (GRA) to examine the correlation degree between migrant growth, environmental outcomes and local governance, used coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) to access to what extent the existing local governance systems have responded to the environmental impact of immigrant growth.
Findings
Results show that higher immigrant populations are associated with worse environmental outcomes and the need for more municipal environmental investment and service. The present local municipal environmental service in Ontario lags behind in response to the environmental impacts of increased migration. Good local governance practices and environmental services are required to improve the environmental adaptation capacity of host countries to migrant influx.
Originality/value
Climate change has been regarded as an important driver of internal and international human migration. The mass influxes of migrants will threaten cities’ environmental quality and put considerable pressure on municipal services. This study provides empirical evidence for Ontario’s municipal environmental governance and relevant authorities on how to deal with the environmental impact of increased migration and contributes to call the attention of other countries to the urban environmental pressure caused by migration influx due to the changing climate world wide.
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Thomas Howard Morris, Michael Schön and Michael Charles Drayson
There has been an unprecedented increase in online learning worldwide, including in teacher education. However, student lurking can be a common issue, leading to a non-interactive…
Abstract
Purpose
There has been an unprecedented increase in online learning worldwide, including in teacher education. However, student lurking can be a common issue, leading to a non-interactive learning environment.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors employed a qualitative case study with thematic analysis to examine a novel “self-directed” pre-service teacher online degree module that engaged students in regular peer-feedback, which intended to promote student engagement and interactivity. The research questions were as follows: To what extent did the seminar series represent the principles of self-directed learning and were learning outcomes effective from the process? And, how effective was the use of peer feedback?
Findings
The thematic analysis revealed that student progression and course completion was successful, and it represented some principles of self-directed learning; but (a) it cannot be presumed that pre-service teachers are competent in giving (peer) feedback and (b) pre-service teachers may need specific guidance and training for providing competent feedback.
Originality/value
This paper is highly original in respect of its combination of the self-directed learning framework with use of peer feedback, to engage students in an interactive learning environment. The present paper identifies that peer feedback is a powerful tool in online learning; peer feedback can supplement self- and teacher-assessment; but it should not be assumed that pre-service teachers are competent in providing (peer) feedback – pre-service teachers may need specific training in providing feedback.
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Manpower planning is a key aspect of the human resource management function in organizations. Specifically, manpower planning examines the gap between staff availabilities…
Abstract
Manpower planning is a key aspect of the human resource management function in organizations. Specifically, manpower planning examines the gap between staff availabilities (internal and external to the organization) and staffing requirements (to perform tasks in the organization) over time, and prescribes courses of action to narrow such a gap. Different perspectives in manpower planning have each been studied widely in the past. However, few insights are available on the interactions among these perspectives and the impact of these interactions on the resultant manpower plans. Describes these interactions in the form of decision and feedback loops. From this description, derives an integrated decision support system (DSS) framework for manpower planning. Also presents a methodology for analysis of the manpower planning business process and feasibility assessment of DSS deployment. The system framework and analysis methodology constitute a basis for applications deployment and consultancy undertaken by the author’s institute.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of “push” marketing in the confectionery industry in Britain during the 1930s. It examines the interplay between a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of “push” marketing in the confectionery industry in Britain during the 1930s. It examines the interplay between a manufacturer and advertising agency in creating advertising for cocoa and chocolate.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey of the literature examines the uses of health and well-being in the design of advertising in Britain between the wars. The records of Rowntree and its main advertising agency, J Walter Thompson, are used to examine the themes and tactics used in advertising for cocoa and Aero chocolate bars during the 1930s.
Findings
The paper emphasises the different ways in which health and nutrition was used in advertising for the two products. The campaigns of the 1930s built on earlier use of these themes. J Walter Thompson looked for ways of presenting commodities as “new and improved” and their role extended into pressing for changes to production methods and the nature of products. Themes of modernity, sexuality and lifestyles all featured, confirming conclusions of earlier studies. However, targeting of mothers and of different age and gender groups indicated that market segmentation was used extensively via print media and tailored advertising messages.
Originality/value
Although Cadbury, Rowntree and confectionery have been studied in depth before, this paper emphasises their role in applying new advertising ideas to everyday items. It points to the influence of advertising on the mass of consumers compared to the middle- and upper-income groups targeted in the marketing of houses, motor-cars and new consumer durables.
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This article is about how to fund care and support for a growing, and increasingly diverse, population of older people. We ask whether it is possible to create a funding…
Abstract
This article is about how to fund care and support for a growing, and increasingly diverse, population of older people. We ask whether it is possible to create a funding settlement for longterm care that meets four criteria. These are: fairness; transparency; sustainability (financial and social sustainability); and capacity to support the outcomes that people want and value. Can we create a funding settlement that starts from people's lives ‐ not service‐based assumptions?