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This research aims to explore the mechanisms and conditions that motivate diners to engage in foodstagramming. It focuses on intrinsic versus extrinsic motivations, and the role of the dining environment in facilitating social connection and social commerce intention.

Two scenario-based experiments were conducted among Chinese participants. Experiment 1 (n = 219) used a one-factor between-subjects design to test the effect of foodstagramming incentives (intrinsic vs extrinsic) on social commerce intention. Experiment 2 (n = 529) used a 2 (foodstagramming incentive: extrinsic vs intrinsic) × 2 (environmental attractiveness: low vs high) between-subjects design to examine the mediation of social connection and the moderation of environmental attractiveness.

Intrinsic incentives more effectively enhance tourists’ social commerce intention than extrinsic incentives. The attractiveness of the dining environment moderates this relationship. Extrinsic incentives significantly boost social commerce intention and social connection in low-attractiveness environments, but not in high-attractiveness environments. Social connection serves as a conditional mediator.

Restaurant managers should prioritize superior service and culinary offerings, and invest in appealing dining environments to encourage tourists to share their dining experiences, leveraging word-of-mouth promotions. In less attractive settings, external incentives like coupons or discounts can promote food selfie-taking and sharing, driving social commerce intention.

This study offers new insights into foodstagramming motivations, highlighting the effectiveness of economic incentives and the role of the service environment in influencing social commerce behaviors. It expands the literature on service environments by explaining their effect on tourists’ sharing, commenting, liking and repurchasing behaviors.

本研究探讨了激励食客进行“美食打卡”行为的机制与条件, 重点分析了内在与外在激励, 以及用餐环境在促进社交联系和社交商务意图中的作用。

研究基于两个场景实验, 实验对象为中国参与者。实验1（n = 219）采用单因素组间设计, 以测试美食打卡激励（内在 vs. 外在）对社交商务意图的影响。实验2（n = 529）采用2（美食打卡激励：外在 vs. 内在）× 2（环境吸引力：低 vs. 高）的组间设计, 考察了社交联系的中介作用以及环境吸引力的调节作用。

内在激励比外在激励更有效地提升游客的社交商务意图。餐饮环境的吸引力对该关系具有调节作用。在低吸引力环境中, 外在激励显著增强了社交商务意图和社交联系, 而在高吸引力环境中则不然。社交联系作为一个有条件的中介发挥作用。

餐厅经理应优先提供优质服务和高水平餐饮, 同时投资于吸引人的用餐环境, 以鼓励游客分享他们的用餐体验, 借此促进口碑传播。在吸引力较低的环境中, 优惠券或折扣等外在激励可以有效促进美食自拍和分享行为, 进而推动社交商务意图。

本研究为美食打卡动机提供了新见解, 突显了经济激励的效果以及服务环境在社交商务行为中的作用。研究扩展了关于服务环境的文献, 阐释了其对游客分享、评论、点赞和复购行为的影响。

Esta investigación explora los mecanismos y condiciones que motivan a los comensales a participar en foodstagramming. Se centra en las motivaciones intrínsecas frente a las extrínsecas, así como en el papel del entorno gastronómico para facilitar la conexión social y la intención de comercio social.

Se realizaron dos experimentos basados en escenarios con participantes chinos. En el Experimento 1 (n = 219) se utilizó un diseño de un factor entre sujetos para comprobar el efecto de los incentivos de foodstagramming (intrínsecos vs. extrínsecos) en la intención de comercio social. En el Experimento 2 (n = 529) se empleó un diseño 2 (incentivo de foodstagramming: extrínseco vs. intrínseco) × 2 (atractivo del entorno: bajo vs. alto) entre sujetos para examinar la mediación de la conexión social y la moderación del atractivo del entorno.

Los incentivos intrínsecos mejoran de manera más efectiva la intención de comercio social de los turistas que los incentivos extrínsecos. El atractivo del entorno gastronómico modera esta relación. Los incentivos extrínsecos incrementan significativamente la intención de comercio social y la conexión social en entornos poco atractivos, pero no en entornos muy atractivos. La conexión social actúa como un mediador condicional.

Los gerentes de restaurantes deben dar prioridad a un servicio y una oferta culinaria superiores, e invertir en entornos gastronómicos atractivos para animar a los turistas a compartir sus experiencias gastronómicas, aprovechando la promoción boca a boca. En entornos menos atractivos, los incentivos externos, como cupones o descuentos, pueden animar a los clientes a hacerse selfies y compartirlos, impulsando así la intención de comercio social.

Este estudio ofrece nuevos conocimientos sobre las motivaciones para el foodstagramming, destacando la eficacia de los incentivos económicos y el papel del entorno del servicio en la influencia sobre los comportamientos de comercio social. Amplía la literatura sobre entornos de servicio explicando su efecto en los comportamientos de los turistas de compartir, comentar, dar “me gusta” y realizar compras repetidas.

This study aims to draw upon boundary the crossing theory to examine the transition of casino hotel guests’ revisit intentions from casino social media sites to casino properties, with the influence of the motivation–opportunity–ability model.

Under a quantitative approach, 20 casinos that operated official social media sites were selected, with a quota sampling method designed to assign 20 respondents for each casino. A structural model was used to explore the hypothesized relationships.

The results illustrate that ability and opportunity are crucial in enhancing social media revisit intention. They also reveal that casino and destination revisit intention can be boosted with increased social media revisit intention.

This study provides a fresh look into the relation across the boundary between the virtual and physical environment and illustrates a means by which casinos can be camouflaged as leisure and entertainment venues to strengthen their competitiveness in attracting tourists through social media.

This study offers new evidence for the linkage between online and offline behaviors with respect to how social media could transit into tangible travel propensity.

本研究利用跨界理论来检验赌场酒店客人的重游意图从赌场社交媒体网站到赌场属性的转变, 并受到动机-机会-能力模型的影响。

在定量方法下, 选择了 20 家运营官方社交媒体网站的赌场, 采用配额抽样方法, 为每个赌场分配 20 名受访者。使用结构模型来探索假设的关系。

结果表明, 能力和机会对于增强社交媒体重访意图至关重要。他们还揭示了赌场和目的地的重访意图可以随着社交媒体重访意图的增加而提高。

这项研究对虚拟和物理环境之间的边界关系提供了全新的视角, 并说明了一种可以将赌场伪装成休闲和娱乐场所的方法, 以增强其通过社交媒体吸引游客的竞争力。

这项研究为在线和离线行为之间的联系提供了新的证据, 即社交媒体如何转变为有形的旅行倾向。

Designing an effective metaverse experience through a tourism digital-twin platform is crucial to the success of metaverse tourism. How such a digital-twin platform should appeal to target users, however, lacks exploration. The study aims to advance a conceptual contribution by successfully creating a metaverse experience through a well-designed digital-twin platform. It also aims to show how the design science approach in tourism can enrich our understanding of digital-twin platform design elements introduced in metaverse experience design.

Guided by the design science approach in tourism, this research conceptualizes the role of digital-twin elements in metaverse experience design and proposes a one-factor between-subject experimental design to examine the effect.

This research conceptualizes how eight unique configurations of digital-twin design, which are embellished in two or three dimensions, shape tourists’ metaverse experience and physical travel intention.

The results offer operators clear strategic guidance on designing an effective tourism digital-twin platform.

This study not only identifies the impact of digital-twin platform design elements but also clarifies how such elements affect customers’ metaverse experiences.

通过旅游数字孪生平台设计有效的元宇宙旅游体验, 对元宇宙旅游的成功至关重要。然而, 这样一个旅游数字孪生平台应该如何吸引目标用户,还缺乏探索。该研究旨在通过精心设计的数字孪生平台成功塑造旅游者的元宇宙体验, 从而在概念上做出贡献。它还旨在展示旅游设计科学方法如何丰富我们对元宇宙体验设计中引入的数字孪生平台设计要素的理解。

在旅游设计科学方法的指导下, 本研究将概念化数字孪生平台设计元素在元宇宙体验设计中的作用, 并提出了一个单因素的受试者间实验设计来检验效果。

本研究将数字孪生平台设计的九种独特配置概念化, 这些配置在三个维度上得到了点缀, 塑造了游客的元宇宙旅游体验和现实旅游意向。

研究结果为产业者设计有效的旅游数字孪生平台提供了明确的战略指导。

现有的研究是第一个研究数字孪生平台设计元素的影响, 阐明了这些元素如何影响旅游者的元宇宙体验。

Diseñar una experiencia efectiva en el metaverso a través de una plataforma digital gemela de turismo es crucial para el éxito del turismo en el metaverso. Sin embargo, la exploración de cómo debería atraer dicha plataforma digital gemela a los usuarios objetivo carece de exploración. El estudio tiene como objetivo avanzar en una contribución conceptual al crear con éxito una experiencia en el metaverso a través de una plataforma digital gemela bien diseñada. También tiene como objetivo mostrar cómo el enfoque de la ciencia del diseño en el turismo puede enriquecer nuestra comprensión de los elementos de diseño de la plataforma digital gemela introducidos en el diseño de experiencias en el metaverso.

Guiada por el enfoque de la ciencia del diseño en el turismo, esta investigación conceptualiza el papel de los elementos gemelos digitales en el diseño de experiencias metaversales y propone un diseño experimental de un factor entre sujetos para examinar su efecto.

Esta investigación conceptualiza cómo ocho configuraciones únicas de diseño gemelo-digital, enriquecidas en dos o tres dimensiones, conforman la experiencia metaversal de los turistas y su intención de viaje físico.

Los resultados ofrecen a los operadores una orientación estratégica clara para diseñar una plataforma gemelo-digital turística eficaz.

Este estudio no sólo identifica el impacto de los elementos de diseño de las plataformas gemelas digitales, sino que también aclara cómo afectan dichos elementos a las experiencias metaversales de los clientes.

This paper aims to classify the sentiment of online tourism-hospitality reviews at an aspect level. A new aspect-oriented sentiment classification method is proposed based on a neural network model.

This study constructs an aspect-oriented sentiment classification model using an integrated four-layer neural network: the bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) word vector model, long short-term memory, interactive attention-over-attention (IAOA) mechanism and a linear output layer. The model was trained, tested and validated on an open training data set and 92,905 reviews extrapolated from restaurants in Tokyo.

The model achieves significantly better performance compared with other neural networks. The findings provide empirical evidence to validate the suitability of this new approach in the tourism-hospitality domain.

More sentiments should be identified to measure more fine-grained tourism-hospitality experience, and new aspects are recommended that can be automatically added into the aspect set to provide dynamic support for new dining experiences.

This study provides an update to the literature with respect to how a neural network could improve the performance of aspect-oriented sentiment classification for tourism-hospitality online reviews.

本文旨在从方面级对在线旅游-酒店评论的情感进行分类。提出了一种基于神经网络模型的面向方面的情感分类新方法。

本研究使用集成的四层神经网络构建面向方面的情感分类模型：BERT 词向量模型、LSTM、IAOA 机制和线性输出层。该模型在一个开放的训练数据集和从东京餐厅推断的 92,905 条评论上进行了训练、测试和验证。

与其他神经网络相比, 该模型实现了显着更好的性能。研究结果提供了经验证据, 以验证这种新方法在旅游酒店领域的适用性。

该研究提供了有关神经网络如何提高旅游酒店在线评论的面向方面的情感分类性能的新文献。

应该识别更多的情感从而来更加细化衡量旅游酒店体验, 并推荐新的方面/维度可以被自动添加到方面集中, 为新的用餐体验提供动态支持。

Hospitality managers face constant challenges in promoting hotel service principles such as innovation and flexibility to their new employees, as such knowledge is usually tacit in nature and hard to formalize. This study aims to suggest that this problem can be addressed by using a knowledge sharing group intervention. Specifically, the authors propose that knowledge sharing groups can enhance a newcomer’s job clarity and positive work attitude by encouraging a stronger sense of perceived importance of and affection toward the hotel service principles.

The authors designed a three-month knowledge sharing program in a five-star hotel chain in Hong Kong. Newcomers were randomly assigned into an experimental group (knowledge sharing group) (N = 235) and a control group (N = 233). The authors tested all the hypotheses via path analyses using Mplus 8.0.

The results revealed that employees of the experimental group showed a stronger sense of importance of and affection toward the service principles, which in turn resulted in higher levels of job clarity, satisfaction and commitment and lower levels of turnover intention.

This research provides hotel managers with practical knowledge regarding sharing programs as key socialization intervention mechanisms. By triggering the employees’ deeper understanding of hotel policy, this program can help hotels fortify high-quality service and develop realistic and useful materials for their future training activities.

Although hospitality scholars have consistently acknowledged the positive influence of knowledge sharing, field experimental research on the outcomes of knowledge management for the newcomer socialization process has been scanty. This study seeks to fill this gap by designing and testing a practical knowledge sharing intervention program in the hotel industry.

The scant literature on MICE (meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions) tourists’ gambling behavior calls for a need to explore how their decision to gamble (hereafter, “gambling decision”) may unfold. Consequently, several questions germane to the inter-relationships among event tourists’ characteristics, casinos attributes, and gambling behaviors remain largely unaddressed. This paper aims to address the void in the literature by investigating event participants’ gambling decision.

Data were collected based on two samples, and a multilevel design was used to test the proposed model. Demographic and event-related participant characteristics were examined as antecedents of gambling decision at the individual level. Event goers’ accommodation characteristics such as brand equity and type of hotel were explored as cross-level effects on the individual-level factors and relationships.

Results of the study illustrate a joint influence – in terms of both direct and moderating effects – of individual-level and organizational-level characteristics on gambling decision. In particular, brand equity moderates the relationships leading from demographic and event-related characteristics to gambling decision.

The inter-relationships among events, accommodations and casinos present an opportunity for hospitality practitioners to better integrate these three services in a more coherent experiential offering for the ever-demanding MICE attendees. Findings also help practitioners to justify their targeting strategy.

The proposed framework presents the dynamic nature of the hospitality industry in which the event, hotel and casino sectors are interdependent, a picture hitherto prevented by the single-level oriented nature of gambling and hospitality research which largely focuses on the individual perspective. Given the dynamic nature of the hospitality industry, the findings elucidate a complex interdependency of customer needs.

This paper, from a marketing and management perspective, aims to review the relevant literature germane to casino studies. The review discusses the major findings from previous studies, provides a critique and identifies research gaps for future studies. In particular, the research foci presented in this paper rest on the service profit chain (SPC) model. The review involves studies relating to the constructs of the chain model and comprises sections that are categorized based on the internal link between management and employees, interaction between casino service employees and customers and profitability link.

The approach used in the current study involves a systematic review of the relevant academic literature with a focus on SPC studies in the casino industry, along with critical evaluation and analysis to identify research gaps. Google Scholar, EBSCOHost, Science Direct, Emerald and other academic databases were used to search relevant studies relating to casino and gambling research streams.

The review identifies several research gaps on the basis of the SPC link. Specifically, internal service quality needs more attention from both the practice and research points of view. Casino employee research should be extended to include personal traits and characteristics that may contribute to employee performance and loyalty. In the interaction between casino service providers and gamblers, more studies should be undertaken on the efficiency and effectiveness of marketing initiatives and promotions. Externally, the paper points out that more appropriate measurement of customer loyalty and casino profitability should be explored.

This review provides references to focusing on key competitive advantages and presents guidelines on improving business growth and profitability for casino managers. The paper also identifies research areas that future studies should attend to.

The paper is the first thorough literature review of gaming research on marketing and management with a focus on the SPC model. This review represents a new era of gaming research, extending the problem gambling research focus into a broader scope embracing other disciplines.

While the rise of chain restaurants has attracted increasing research interest, few studies have taken servicescape into consideration to examine its effects on transformative service outcomes. This study aims to assess how social service elements can provide customers with restorative qualities, though social components are considered vital in constituting a dining locale's servicescape (AKA Social Servicescape).

The study fills the void above by undertaking a survey-based quantitative research method. Using online surveys with a sample of 306 diners, the study employed structural equation modeling to explore a proposed moderated mediation model. A post-hoc interview followed to provide qualitative data to complement the findings developed from surveys.

Results first point to a positive relationship between social servicescape and attention restoration. Moreover, the authors unveil that substantive servicescape has a moderating effect on the relationship of interest, suggesting the interplay of social and built servicescape in promoting restorative experiences.

Social and built stimuli can be intertwined to offer restorative qualities for customers. Through such an intertwined network of relationships, one may derive better mental health resources from hospitality settings.

This research presents new nuances to the existing field of inquiry by linking social servicescape and restoration through an intertwined network of attentional recovery.

This paper aims to analyze how a real-time COVID-19 pandemic is impacting Macao’s hospitality industry, and illustrates why lessons from COVID-19 are an opportunity for further development for the city.

This case study highlights local government and hospitality industry responses to a real-time crisis. Academic studies, media news and reports have been collected to illustrate why the Macao’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic could be taken as a city case study example. Previous crisis experience provided guidance to Macao’s success in this pandemic.

Macao has succeeded in managing the adverse effects of COVID-19, illustrating the coexistence of challenges and opportunities from experiencing the epidemic. With no COVID-19 cases in the city, cross-border tourism with China resumed in September. Macao is undeniably over reliant on the gambling industry to provide tax income and employment, creating an unbalanced industrial structure. However, the Chinese and Macao Governments, the hospitality industry and other stakeholders, have presented high levels of engagement, unity and rational courses of action during the pandemic. This paper examines Macao’s two orientations – intra and post-coronavirus – which are shown to be instrumental in the city’s future tourism development.

As the paper is Macao-specific, some generalization may not be applicable. The lessons and strategies proposed in the paper may only be theoretically and temporarily workable in this real-time situation. However, as COVID-19 will remain for some time globally, the efficacy of the findings justifies further ongoing analysis and application beyond Macao.

The case offers a first-hand analysis on the governance of Macao to negate the impacts of COVID-19, enabling a comprehensive review on the practices and policies that were effective during the virus outbreak. There is reference for researchers and practitioners in the public policy domain, and particularly in the area of crisis management and destination resilience. The result is worthy of future exploration on how the mechanism of centralized government facilitates risk management, and the rebuilding of a tourism economy in a crisis context, comparing this to other national systems.

This research paper aims to explore Airbnb’s online experience initiative, which has sparked a new wave of virtual tourism to improvise a large assortment of experiential activities through cyberspace. It works to answer questions pertinent to the type of virtual experiences tourists seek and how these experiences could fulfill tourist needs, thereby rendering favorable socio-mental outcomes through experiences encountered.

Drawing on travel experience and transformative tourism theoretical tenets, this qualitative inquiry used data collected from social media posts from virtual tourists.

Results reveal four major themes of online experiences – hedonism, attention restoration, social relatedness and self-exaltation – that encompass 12 experiential categories. They further underscore four types of transformative mechanisms pinpointing hedonic well-being, environmental-mastery well-being, social well-being and eudaimonic well-being.

Research findings demonstrate how Airbnb exercised marketing agility during severe environmental plight; while expediting strategic initiatives that offer tourists and residents alike a means to reengage in leisure and travel activities at home. They also salvage the peer-to-peer community by turning accommodation hosts into online experience ambassadors.

The contribution of this inquiry lies in assessing virtual experiences and reconnecting how different cyber experiences can meet an array of tourist needs. This study further highlights the transformative virtual experience paradigm to lay the necessary theoretical foundation for future research on virtual transformative tourism. This research goes beyond the common understanding of transformative tourism that relies merely on corporeal encounters. From a practical point of view, this study brings light to a novel concept – sharing experience economy – that incorporates the nuances between sharing economy and experience economy.