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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1953

H. Reichert

This particular Mollier‐Chart has been constructed for investigations for increasing the power output of internal combustion engines and gas turbines by means of water injection…

93

Abstract

This particular Mollier‐Chart has been constructed for investigations for increasing the power output of internal combustion engines and gas turbines by means of water injection into the supercharger or compressor respectively. Since the chart may be useful for other similar problems a short description is given and an example illustrates its application.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 25 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1953

Ing. H. Reichert

EXACT methods for thermodynamic calculations of high temperature combustion processes at equilibrium are very involved and time‐consuming because of the increasing influence of…

54

Abstract

EXACT methods for thermodynamic calculations of high temperature combustion processes at equilibrium are very involved and time‐consuming because of the increasing influence of dissociation with increasing temperatures above 1800dcg. K. Many simplified methods have been proposed, but most of them are still rather complicated or approximate and are cither suitable for a special type of application only or based on assumptions valid within conditional limits. From the research engineer's point of view Mollier‐charts (total heat—entropy diagrams) would be most useful, but for general use too many charts would be required. For every possible reaction as many charts as there are mixture ratios have to be considered. Professor Lutz of Braunschweig proposed in 1947 a new type of enthalpy‐chart, which enables a wide range of applications to be covered by a reasonable number of charts. A number of such charts have been constructed by the Ministry of Supply.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 25 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 1906

In the last article the first process in the manufacture of soap was described, the stage having been reached at which a somewhat impure “soap” had been produced, which still…

19

Abstract

In the last article the first process in the manufacture of soap was described, the stage having been reached at which a somewhat impure “soap” had been produced, which still, however, contained all the bye‐products of the reaction, but which also, under most circumstances, would contain some of the original raw material, i.e., the fat and the alkali which had not yet been transformed into soap.

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British Food Journal, vol. 8 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1904

The action taken by the Council of the British Medical Association in promoting a Bill to reconstitute the Local Government Board will, it is to be hoped, receive the strong…

23

Abstract

The action taken by the Council of the British Medical Association in promoting a Bill to reconstitute the Local Government Board will, it is to be hoped, receive the strong support of public authorities and of all who are in any way interested in the efficient administration of the laws which, directly or indirectly, have a bearing on the health and general well‐being of the people. In the memorandum which precedes the draft of the Bill in question it is pointed out that the present “Board” is not, and probably never was, intended to be a working body for the despatch of business, that it is believed never to have met that the work of this department of State is growing in variety and importance, and that such work can only be satisfactorily transacted with the aid of persons possessing high professional qualifications, who, instead of being, as at present, merely the servants of the “Board” tendering advice only on invitation, would be able to initiate action in any direction deemed desirable. The British Medical Association have approached the matter from a medical point of view—as might naturally have been expected—and this course of action makes a somewhat weak plank in the platform of the reformers. The fourth clause of the draft of the Bill proposes that there should be four “additional” members of the Board, and that, of such additional members, one should be a barrister or solicitor, one a qualified medical officer of health, one a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and one a person experienced in the administration of the Poor‐law Acts. The work of the Local Government Board, however, is not confined to dealing with medical, engineering, and Poor‐law questions, and the presence of one or more fully‐qualified scientific experts would be absolutely necessary to secure the efficient administration of the food laws and the proper and adequate consideration of matters relating to water supply and sewage disposal. The popular notion still exists that the “doctor” is a universal scientific genius, and that, as the possessor of scientific knowledge and acumen, the next best article is the proprietor of the shop in the window of which are exhibited some three or four bottles of brilliantly‐coloured liquids inscribed with mysterious symbols. The influence of these popular ideas is to be seen in the tendency often exhibited by public authorities and even occasionally by the legislature and by Government departments to expect and call upon medical men to perform duties which neither by training nor by experience they are qualified to undertake. Medical Officers of Health of standing, and medical men of intelligence and repute are the last persons to wish to arrogate to themselves the possession of universal knowledge and capacity, and it is unfair and ridiculous to thrust work upon them which can only be properly carried out by specialists. If the Local Government Board is to be reconstituted and made a thing of life—and in the public interest it is urgently necessary that this should be done—the new department should comprise experts of the first rank in all the branches of science from which the knowledge essential for efficient administration can be drawn.

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British Food Journal, vol. 6 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1999

Sanjay Ramchander, Alan Reichert and S.V. Jayanti

Notes recent dramatic growth in international banking, outlines the US historical and legal background to it and reviews previous research trying to explain why banks establish…

1281

Abstract

Notes recent dramatic growth in international banking, outlines the US historical and legal background to it and reviews previous research trying to explain why banks establish offices outside their home country. Develops a mathematical model to investigate the factors determining the extent of foreign bank penetration in the US financial market and applies it to 1984‐95 data for Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the UK. Finds that expansion abroad is positively linked to the size of the home country’s banking industry and capital market; the need to respond to domestic credit market conditions; and the levels of trade and exchange rates between countries. Discusses the differences between the individual countries studied and consistency with other research; and considers the implications for US banks.

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Managerial Finance, vol. 25 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2000

Heidi Gorovitz Robertson and Alan K. Reichert

Many States in America have enacted laws to encourage redevelopment of contaminated urban properties. The laws attempt to do this by addressing one barrier to redevelopment, the…

481

Abstract

Many States in America have enacted laws to encourage redevelopment of contaminated urban properties. The laws attempt to do this by addressing one barrier to redevelopment, the environmental liability attached to contaminated urban properties. In general, the laws attempt to remove or reduce the significance of that barrier by reducing or eliminating the environmental liability risk attached to these properties. Our hypothesis was that these efforts cannot encourage significant redevelopment because they fail to address non‐environmental barriers to urban redevelopment. To determine whether this legislative focus on environmental liability is misplaced, we conducted a survey of Northeast Ohio businesses which had decided, since the enactment of Ohio’s brownfields law, either to move to a new location, or to expand at an existing location. The survey asked businesses to rank the relative importance to their relocation decision of environmental and non‐environmental factors. The results of the survey show that numerous non‐environmental factors were of equal or greater importance to decision‐makers than the environmental status of the property. Therefore, legislative efforts to encourage redevelopment of contaminated urban properties must be expanded to address non‐environmental barriers to redevelopment

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Journal of Corporate Real Estate, vol. 2 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-001X

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2005

John Goddard, Donal G. McKillop and John O.S. Wilson

This article explores the size‐growth relationship for a panel of large US credit unions, using the panel unit root tests of Im et al. (2003) and Maddala and Wu (1999). The…

633

Abstract

This article explores the size‐growth relationship for a panel of large US credit unions, using the panel unit root tests of Im et al. (2003) and Maddala and Wu (1999). The reference point is Gibrat’s Law, or the Law of Proportionate Effect, according to which firm growth rates are independent of firm sizes. The panel unit root tests are applied to the log as sets and log membership series of a sample of 997 surviving credit unions which reported data over the period 1993 to 2002. In each case the panel unit root tests fail to reject the null hypothesis of non‐stationarity in the logarithmic size series for all credit unions. The implication is that credit union sizes follow random walks, producing a tendency for industry concentration to increase in the long term. With many of the largest institutions currently offering portfolios of products and services similar to those of commercial banks and other financial institutions, these implications of the panel unit root test results appear consistent with observed patterns within the sector in recent years.

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Managerial Finance, vol. 31 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1901

The great difficulties which attach to the fixing of legal standards of composition for food products have now to be grappled with by the Departmental Committee appointed by the…

67

Abstract

The great difficulties which attach to the fixing of legal standards of composition for food products have now to be grappled with by the Departmental Committee appointed by the Board of Agriculture to consider and determine what regulations should be made by the Board, under Section 4 of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1899, with respect to the composition of butter. As we predicted in regard to the labours of the Milk and Cream Standards Committee, so we predict now that the Butter Committee will be unable to do more than to recommend standards and limits, which, while they will make for the protection of the public against the sale of grossly adulterated articles, will certainly not in any way insure the sale of butter of really satisfactory, or even of fair, composition. Standards and limits established by law for the purposes of the administration of criminal Acts of Parliament must of necessity be such as to legalise the sale of products of a most inferior character, to which the term “genuine” may still by law be applied as well as to legalise the sale of adulterated and sophisticated products so prepared as to come within the four corners of the law. It is, of course, an obvious necessity that official standards and limits should be established, and the Board of Agriculture are to be congratulated upon the manner in which they are endeavouring to deal with these extremely knotty problems; but it is important that misconception on the part of the public and the trade with respect to the effect of the regulations to be made should be as far as possible prevented. All that can be hoped for is that the conclusions at which the Committee may find themselves compelled to arrive will not be such as to place too high and too obvious a premium upon the sale of those inferior and scientifically‐adulterated products which are placed in such enormous quantities on the food market.

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British Food Journal, vol. 3 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1909

The importance of sanitary conditions in the production, manufacture, and distribution of foods was never greater than to‐day, for less of the food consumed by the individual is…

360

Abstract

The importance of sanitary conditions in the production, manufacture, and distribution of foods was never greater than to‐day, for less of the food consumed by the individual is produced and prepared at home than ever before; and likewise, the necessity for sanitary laws in regard to foods was never more keenly realised. The disclosures of the insanitary conditions in our packing houses, exaggerated in many instances, has aroused public indignation. The newspapers added fuel to the flame by rehashing every case in recent history containing anything gruesome or revolting in connection with the preparation of food products. These reports, appearing day after day in the newspapers, gave the public the false impression that the manufacture of human bodies into food products was a matter of not uncommon occurrence, and that insanitary conditions prevailed in the manufacture of most foods. The discussion was continued until not only this country, but Europe, looked with suspicion on the food products of the United States.

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British Food Journal, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1910

The improvement in the quality of commercially packed foods made by the Food Preserving Industry in this country during the last five years has doubtless been greater than in the…

19

Abstract

The improvement in the quality of commercially packed foods made by the Food Preserving Industry in this country during the last five years has doubtless been greater than in the preceding twenty years. This progress has been due in no small measure to the work and advanced leadership of the Association of State and National Food and Dairy Departments.

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British Food Journal, vol. 12 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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