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This study aims to examine the impact of climate change on the total factor productivity (TFP) of tourism in Chinese cities. Using temperature and precipitation as proxies for climate change, the research analyzes both the direct negative effects of climate change on tourism productivity and the positive spillover effects on neighboring cities. In addition, it investigates how geographic location and economic development contribute to the variation in these effects. The study also explores the mechanisms through which government intervention and industrial structure upgrading influence these impacts.

This study uses a spatial Durbin model to analyze the relationship between climate change and tourism TFP in 287 Chinese cities from 2000 to 2020. Panel data is used, with temperature and precipitation serving as proxies for climate change. The model evaluates both the direct and spillover effects of climate change on tourism productivity, while also analyzing the mechanisms through which government intervention and industrial upgrading affect these relationships. The study further considers how geographic location and economic development impact the results.

This study finds that climate change directly reduces tourism TFP, while generating positive spillover effects for neighboring cities. Cities in the eastern and more economically developed regions are more sensitive to climate change, experiencing stronger impacts compared to cities in central and western regions. The findings suggest that government intervention and industrial structure upgrading are important mechanisms through which climate change affects tourism productivity in Chinese cities.

This research fills a gap in the literature regarding how climate change affects tourism productivity in developing countries, particularly in China. By applying a spatial Durbin model and panel data analysis, the study provides empirical evidence on both the direct and spillover effects of climate change on tourism productivity. It highlights the critical role of government intervention and industrial upgrading as mechanisms shaping the impact of climate change, offering new insights for policymakers and tourism businesses to address the challenges posed by climate change and enhance productivity and competitiveness.

本研究旨在探讨气候变化对中国城市旅游全要素生产率的影响。通过温度和降水量作为气候变化的代理变量, 研究分析了气候变化对旅游全要素生产率的直接抑制效应及其对邻近城市的积极溢出效应。此外, 研究考察了地理位置与经济发展水平如何导致这些效应的异质性。通过分析政府干预和产业结构升级的机制, 本研究为气候变化影响旅游全要素生产率的机制分析提供了理论支持, 为提升发展中国家旅游竞争力提供了指导。

本研究采用空间杜宾模型分析2000年至2020年期间, 中国287个城市的气候变化与旅游全要素生产率之间的关系。研究使用面板数据, 温度和降水量作为气候变化的代理变量。模型分析了气候变化对旅游全要素生产率的直接效应与溢出效应, 并研究了政府干预与产业结构升级的机制效应。研究还考察了基于地理位置与经济发展水平的异质性影响, 提供了气候变化对城市旅游全要素生产率影响的综合分析。

气候变化直接抑制旅游全要素生产率, 同时对邻近城市产生积极的溢出效应。东部城市及高经济水平地区对气候变化更为敏感, 影响强于中西部地区。研究发现, 政府干预与产业结构升级是气候变化影响中国城市旅游全要素生产率的关键机制。

本研究填补了气候变化如何影响发展中国家, 尤其是中国, 旅游全要素生产率领域的研究空白。通过运用空间杜宾模型和面板数据分析, 提供了气候变化对旅游全要素生产率的直接效应与溢出效应的实证证据。研究强调了政府干预和产业结构升级作为气候变化影响旅游全要素生产率的主要机制。通过关注区域异质性与经济发展水平, 本研究为旅游企业与政策制定者应对气候变化挑战,提升生产力和竞争力提供了新的思路。

Este estudio examina el impacto del cambio climático en la productividad total de los factores (PTF) del turismo en las ciudades chinas. Utilizando la temperatura y las precipitaciones como indicadores del cambio climático, la investigación analiza tanto los efectos negativos directos del cambio climático sobre la productividad del turismo como los efectos indirectos positivos sobre las ciudades vecinas. Además, investiga cómo la ubicación geográfica y el desarrollo económico contribuyen a la variación de estos efectos. El estudio también explora los mecanismos a través de los cuales la intervención gubernamental y la mejora de la estructura industrial influyen en estos impactos.

Este estudio utiliza un modelo espacial de Durbin (SDM) para analizar la relación entre el cambio climático y la productividad total de los factores del turismo en 287 ciudades chinas entre 2000 y 2020. Se emplean datos de panel, en los que la temperatura y las precipitaciones sirven como variables sustitutivas del cambio climático. El modelo evalúa tanto los efectos directos como los indirectos del cambio climático sobre la productividad del turismo, al tiempo que analiza los mecanismos a través de los cuales la intervención gubernamental y la modernización industrial afectan a estas relaciones. El estudio examina además cómo influyen en los resultados la ubicación geográfica y el desarrollo económico.

El estudio concluye que el cambio climático reduce directamente la productividad total de los factores del turismo, al tiempo que genera efectos indirectos positivos para las ciudades vecinas. Las ciudades de las regiones orientales y económicamente más desarrolladas son más sensibles al cambio climático y experimentan impactos más fuertes que las ciudades de las regiones centrales y occidentales. Los resultados sugieren que la intervención gubernamental y la mejora de la estructura industrial son mecanismos importantes a través de los cuales el cambio climático afecta a la productividad del turismo en las ciudades chinas.

Esta investigación llena un vacío en la literatura sobre cómo el cambio climático afecta a la productividad del turismo en los países en desarrollo, especialmente en China. Aplicando un modelo espacial de Durbin y un análisis de datos de panel, el estudio aporta pruebas empíricas sobre los efectos directos y indirectos del cambio climático en la productividad del turismo. Destaca el papel decisivo de la intervención pública y la modernización industrial como mecanismos que determinan el impacto del cambio climático, ofreciendo nuevas perspectivas a los responsables políticos y las empresas turísticas para afrontar los retos que plantea el cambio climático y mejorar la productividad y la competitividad.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of foreign trade liberalization and trade reforms on the process of structural upgrading, and explore the extent to which they provide impetus for exports.

This paper accounts for trade liberalization dates, cumulative years in open regime, and the density of 1,006 products in the patterns of comparative advantage for 132 countries from 1975 to 2000. The effects of trade liberalizations and trade reforms in open regime on future export performance are estimated by using various empirical strategies.

This paper finds that the speed of moving from simple poor-country goods to rich-country goods in export depends not only on having a route to nearby goods of increasingly higher value, but also on the increase in the cumulative years in open regime. In particular, a 1 percent change in the relatedness across products with trade reform in open regime increases the probability of exporting a new product by 2.0 percent more.

A contribution of this paper is that it measures the extent to which trade reform in open regime affects the evolution of comparative advantage, even after taking account of the role of relatedness of exported products as in the Hausmann and Klinger (2006, 2007). In this paper, empirical findings of a comprehensive product level cross-country time-series data analysis may contribute to generalize the role of trade reform on structural upgrading not only for a pro-competitive export country like Korea but also for a typical developing country.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the matching relationship between factor endowment and industrial structure, and its impact on economic growth.

The assortative matching method is developed to quantitatively measure the matching between factor endowment and industrial structure. A series of empirical tests are then carried out to evaluate the impact on the economic development of the matching.

1) The matching between factor endowment and industrial structure has a significantly positive impact on economic growth. (2) Economic growth reaches its maximum when the gap between the two sectors narrows to zero. (3) This effect is particularly significant for countries with higher GDP per capita and GNI per capita. (4) The results remain robust after employing a series of tests.

Aggressive industrial policies are not desirable. The optimal industrial structure is the one that complied with the comparative advantage of the given factor endowment in the economy.

So far, there has been a significant lack of an applicable quantitative indicator for measuring the matching between factor endowment and industrial structure, which is essential for conducting empirical tests and providing evidence for related economic theories.

Polycentricity has become a crucial spatial development strategy. This paper aims to clarify the impact and mechanism of polycentric spatial structure on the urban–rural income gap, provide better countermeasures to narrow it and make development suggestions for cities of different scales.

Based on the panel data of Chinese cities from 2010 to 2019, this paper empirically examines the specific impact of polycentric spatial structure on the urban–rural income gap by utilizing a two-way fixed effects model.

The results show that the polycentric spatial structure is favorable for reducing the urban–rural income gap, and upgrading the industrial structure and improving transportation infrastructure are important mechanisms. Moreover, the role of polycentric spatial structure is more significant in large cities. However, in small and medium-sized cities, the role of polycentric spatial structure is not significant.

The limitations of this study include two main aspects. One is that this paper only analyzes the mediating effect of industrial structure and transport infrastructure, and we do not examine other mechanisms. The second is that due to data availability, this paper uses data from 2010 to 2019, and the research period can be further extended in future studies.

This study has policy implications for building a polycentric city network and also provides insights into the planning of cities of different scales.

The polycentric spatial structure is important for narrowing the urban–rural income gap, especially in large cities. Improvement of transportation infrastructure and upgrading of industrial structure are important mechanisms. However, the polycentric spatial structure does not play a significant role in small and medium-sized cities. Thus, the polycentric spatial structure is not suitable for every kind of city. Relevant departments should carry out urban planning according to local conditions.

As a critical concern of urban planning, polycentricity significantly affects the urban–rural income gap. Relevant studies have analyzed the impact of polycentric spatial structure on regional income disparity, and few studies have focused on the relationship between polycentric spatial structure and the urban–rural income gap. Using city panel data in China, this paper explores the impact of polycentric spatial structure on the urban-rural income gap. Meanwhile, we test the mediating role of transportation infrastructure improvement and industrial structure upgrading. This study broadens the analysis of the urban–rural income gap’s influencing factors and provides a path reference for narrowing the urban–rural income gap.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of green bonds on common prosperity in China. Green bonds have gained significant attention as a means to address financial challenges and promote environmental protection. This research aims to investigate the influence of green bonds on common prosperity by utilizing the system-generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) and analyzing panel data from prefecture-level cities. The study also explores the theoretical mechanisms and heterogeneous relationships between green bonds and common prosperity, providing valuable guidance for advancing economic and social well-being in China.

This study employs a system-generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) as the methodology to investigate the influence of green bonds on common prosperity in China. Panel data from prefecture-level cities for the period 2014 to 2020 are utilized for analysis. The SYS-GMM approach allows for the examination of dynamic relationships and control of endogeneity issues. By utilizing this methodology, the study aims to provide robust and reliable findings on the impact of green bonds on common prosperity, considering the specific context of China's ecological civilization development and financial challenges faced by energy-saving and environmental protection enterprises.

The findings of this research indicate several important outcomes. Firstly, common prosperity in China experienced substantial growth between 2014 and 2020. Secondly, green bonds have demonstrated a clear and positive impact on common prosperity. They contribute to the enhancement of common prosperity by driving industrial structure upgrading and fostering green technology innovation. Lastly, the study reveals that the positive influence of green bonds on common prosperity is particularly pronounced in the western region of China. These findings highlight the significance of green bonds in promoting sustainable economic development and societal well-being.

This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the impact of green bonds on common prosperity in China, utilizing the system-generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) and panel data analysis. The research not only adds to the understanding of the relationship between green bonds and economic well-being but also provides insights into the theoretical mechanisms and heterogeneous relationships involved. The findings showcase the positive influence of green bonds on common prosperity, emphasizing their role in addressing financial challenges, promoting environmental protection, and driving sustainable development. The study's conclusions offer valuable guidance for policymakers, financial institutions, and stakeholders in advancing common prosperity in China.

This study aims to examine the effect of structural transformation on poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries with a higher share of services as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). The study specifically focuses on the value-added share as a percentage of GDP in the agricultural, manufacturing, industrial, and service sectors using time series data from 1988 to 2019.

The study utilizes the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bound test framework for estimation, based on the conclusions drawn from the augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips–Perron unit root tests, which provide evidence of a mixed order of integration.

The result reveals that agriculture value-added (AVA), manufacturing value-added (MVA), industrial value-added (IVA), and services value-added (SVA) have a positive and significant impact on poverty alleviation in both the short and long run. However, the agriculture sector is found to be more effective in reducing poverty compared to the other sectors examined in this study. Additionally, this study challenges the notion that SSA countries have undergone an immature structural transformation. Instead, it reveals a pattern of stagnant structural transformation, as indicated by the lack of growth in the industrial and manufacturing value-added shares of GDP.

To enhance productivity and reduce poverty, SSA economies should adopt a development strategy that prioritizes heavy manufacturing and industrial sectors, leading to a transition from the agricultural to the secondary and tertiary sectors.

The study contributes to the emerging literature on structural transformation by investigating which sector is more efficient in reducing poverty in SSA countries, using the value-added share as a percentage of GDP for agricultural, manufacturing, industrial, and service sectors. The study also aims to determine if SSA countries have experienced immature structural transformation due to the growing share in the service sector.

The purpose of this paper is to study key economic strategies in Asia laid out by the Chinese Government since Xi Jinping became the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

The paper is composed of six parts. The first part analyzes China’s Asian trade strategy with a focus on the free-trade agreement. The second part elaborates the Asian finance and currency strategy with the core being the regionalization of RMB. The third part introduces China’s newly proposed Belt and Road Initiative (B&R). The fourth part deals with the China–USA economic relationship with a view to China’s economic strategy in Asia. The fifth part explains China’s domestic economic policy which forms the basis of the Asian Economic Strategy.

A marked change has taken place in China’s economic strategy in Asia, namely, giving more consideration to how to offer more public goods to the region. This is natural as China’s economic power is developed to a certain level and it is highly related to China’s attempt to growing its economic influence in this region. China believes that the B&R Initiative and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank are both public goods China has provided to Asia. China’s economic strategy in Asia demonstrates that China, as a rising power, though faced with domination of established power and the original regional economic rule system, still promotes the cooperation, integration, participation and development of this region. In general, China’s economic strategy in Asia offers an alternative for countries in this region so that Asian countries can better safeguard their rights amid China–America competition, and a new Asian economic order can be better built.

The paper contributes to the researched area of China’s economic strategy in Asia by comprehensively elaborating its trade, money, B&R Initiative and so on. This paper also shows the major challenges of China’s economic strategy in Asia and therefore is helpful to fully understand China’s economic statecraft.

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the paradox between diversification and specialization from a dynamic perspective. More precisely, this paper will analyze the impact of diversification and specialization as well as their interaction on regional innovation in different development stages.

Based on the principles of new economic geography and innovation geography, data from 30 provinces from 2001 to 2017 was used to explore the relationship. Least squares regressions with fix effect were used to examine the hypotheses.

The results show that both diversification and specialization have a significant and positive impact on regional innovation. The interaction of diversification and specialization also significantly and positively impacts regional innovation. The effect of industrial agglomeration is heterogeneity under different development stages.

This paper verifies the positive role of diversification and specialization and their interaction in promoting regional innovation. The impact of industrial agglomeration on innovation is dynamic and changes with the regional development process. Emerging economies should make appropriate industrial agglomeration strategies according to their development stages.

This paper introduces diversification, specialization and their interaction into the research framework at the same time to analyze their impact on innovation performance which deepened the research of industrial agglomeration. Taking China as an example, this paper also examines the impact of industrial agglomeration on regional innovation in different development stages that expands the dynamic perspective of industrial agglomeration.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Japan flying geese (FG) model and its implications for China.

Data on exports and imports three‐digit the standard international trade clasification (SITC) Revision 2 from UN‐COMTRADE are employed. An analytical tool namely “products mapping” is made by combining two fundamental variables derived from the FG model. Revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) index and trade balance index are applied.

The paper provides evidence of the existence of FG pattern. Unskilled labor‐intensive industries and human capital‐intensive industries have clearly shown the FG pattern in East Asia. China has very high comparative advantage in those industries.

The classification of industries is a crucial issue. This paper applies the broader classification of industries based on factor intensity rather than end use. Further researches on more specific industries might give detailed explanation.

The paper examines the position of East Asian countries in the FG model.