This paper describes the evolution of educational administration training for secondary school principals and teachers in New Zealand's Central Region, following a national…
Abstract
This paper describes the evolution of educational administration training for secondary school principals and teachers in New Zealand's Central Region, following a national pattern of short withdrawal courses to train trainers who would themselves be expected to train others. Problems associated with this approach are examined, especially massive client resistance to theoretical approaches. The value of theory in such courses is seen in its encouragement of role conceptualization, and acceptable teaching material is designed to achieve this end without theoretical exposition, through the development of techniques seen as answers to specific school‐based problems, but implying the development of skills and concepts on a broader base. The management of time is seen as the critical entry point. In this way resource groups of teachers are trained to continue the autonomous development of administrative training in their own in‐service areas.
Clive Beggs and Alexander John Bond
Despite being a widely used management technique, cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis remains almost unheard of in professional sport. To address this, CUSUM analysis of soccer match…
Abstract
Purpose
Despite being a widely used management technique, cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis remains almost unheard of in professional sport. To address this, CUSUM analysis of soccer match data from the English Premier League (EPL) was performed. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate CUSUM as a tool for assessing “on-field” team performance. As a secondary objective, the association between managerial change and team performance was evaluated.
Design/methodology/approach
CUSUM was applied retrospectively to goal difference data for six EPL teams (Arsenal, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United and Tottenham) over 23 consecutive seasons from 1995 to 2018. This was supplemented with change point analysis to identify structural changes in mean goal difference. Succession was evaluated by mapping historical managerial changes onto the CUSUM plots for the respective clubs.
Findings
CUSUM analysis revealed the presence of structural changes in four clubs. Two structural change points were identified for both Chelsea and Everton, one for Manchester United and Tottenham and none for Arsenal and Liverpool. Relatively few managerial changes coincided temporally with structural changes in “on-field” performance, with most appointments having minimal impact on long-term team performance. Other factors (e.g. changes in ownership) appear to have been influential.
Research limitations/implications
The study was limited by the fact that only successful teams were investigated.
Practical implications
CUSUM analysis appears to have potential as a tool for executive decision-makers to evaluate performance outcomes in professional soccer.
Originality/value
The study is the first of its kind to use CUSUM analysis to evaluate team performance in professional soccer.
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Ray F. Carroll and Richard R. Tansey
Intellectual capital is the cornerstone of corporate success in the new economy. This article will discuss the meaning, measurement, and management of intellectual capital. It…
Abstract
Intellectual capital is the cornerstone of corporate success in the new economy. This article will discuss the meaning, measurement, and management of intellectual capital. It discusses the forces driving the concern about intellectual capital and how one company, Intel Corporation, has been able to manage intellectual capital to achieve market dominance. Unlike Philip Morris, Coca‐Cola or McDonald’s, which earn hundreds of millions year‐in and year‐out from the same product lines, technology companies must constantly reinvent themselves. Intel has managed to do this, but it is the exception.
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Aims to identify the leadership requirements of secondary school principals in Kuwait after the Iraqi invasion and subsequent liberation. Twenty‐nine administrative…
Abstract
Aims to identify the leadership requirements of secondary school principals in Kuwait after the Iraqi invasion and subsequent liberation. Twenty‐nine administrative superintendents, 59 secondary school principals and 719 teachers, were given a questionnaire consisting of 30 items dealing with principals’ duties. One‐way analysis of variance was computed to test differences of the sample means in the five dimensions of the questionnaire. Results showed that teachers see higher demands for principals in educational goals than do principals themselves; and supervisors see higher demands for principals in the school climate, faculty development, students’ problems, curriculum and supervision than do teachers and principals themselves.
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This article looks at how people with learning disabilities, including people with learning disabilities who develop dementia, make the transition to old age. It identifies key…
Abstract
This article looks at how people with learning disabilities, including people with learning disabilities who develop dementia, make the transition to old age. It identifies key issues in understanding the transition to old age for people with learning disabilities, including how the ageing process may be different for this group, lack of agreement as to what constitutes old age for people with learning disabilities, the heterogeneity of this population and the inadequacy of service responses to their changing needs. It advocates a number of clinical and service responses that might help make the transition easier for people.
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Attempts to clarify and articulate the need to understand and search for indigenous perspectives of educational management. Notes that any understanding of an indigenous…
Abstract
Attempts to clarify and articulate the need to understand and search for indigenous perspectives of educational management. Notes that any understanding of an indigenous perspective requires a real understanding of the theoretical bases of the subject, and an understanding of the particular indigenous environment or setting. Argues that, in order to differentiate culture free and culture bound content in educational management, the core corpus of educational management theories, concepts and terminology have to be identified; the culture specific ways of knowing must be examined; and unique categories made identifiable. Uses the Malaysian experience as an example of the quest for an indigenous perspective of educational management.
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Barry Eichengreen and Kris J. Mitchener
The experience of the 1990s renewed economists’ interest in the role of credit in macroeconomic fluctuations. The locus classicus of the credit-boom view of economic cycles is the…
Abstract
The experience of the 1990s renewed economists’ interest in the role of credit in macroeconomic fluctuations. The locus classicus of the credit-boom view of economic cycles is the expansion of the 1920s and the Great Depression. In this paper we ask how well quantitative measures of the credit boom phenomenon can explain the uneven expansion of the 1920s and the slump of the 1930s. We complement this macroeconomic analysis with three sectoral studies that shed further light on the explanatory power of the credit boom interpretation: the property market, consumer durables industries, and high-tech sectors. We conclude that the credit boom view provides a useful perspective on both the boom of the 1920s and the subsequent slump. In particular, it directs attention to the role played by the structure of the financial sector and the interaction of finance and innovation. The credit boom and its ultimate impact were especially pronounced where the organization and history of the financial sector led intermediaries to compete aggressively in providing credit. And the impact on financial markets and the economy was particularly evident in countries that saw the development of new network technologies with commercial potential that in practice took considerable time to be realized. In addition, the structure and management of the monetary regime mattered importantly. The procyclical character of the foreign exchange component of global international reserves and the failure of domestic monetary authorities to use stable policy rules to guide the more discretionary approach to monetary management that replaced the more rigid rules-based gold standard of the earlier era are key for explaining the developments in credit markets that helped to set the stage for the Great Depression.
Citizens are substantial stakeholders in every e-government system, thus their willingness to use and ability to access the system are critical. Unequal access and information and…
Abstract
Citizens are substantial stakeholders in every e-government system, thus their willingness to use and ability to access the system are critical. Unequal access and information and communication technology usage, which is known as digital divide, however has been identified as one of the major obstacles to the implementation of e-government system. As digital divide inhibits citizen’s acceptance to e-government, it should be overcome despite the lack of deep theoretical understanding on this issue. This research aimed to investigate the digital divide and its direct impact on e-government system success of local governments in Indonesia as well as indirect impact through the mediation role of trust. In order to get a comprehensive understanding of digital divide, this study introduced a new type of digital divide, the innovativeness divide.
The research problems were approached by applying two-stage sequential mixed method research approach comprising of both qualitative and quantitative studies. In the first phase, an initial research model was proposed based on a literature review. Semi-structured interview with 12 users of e-government systems was then conducted to explore and enhance this initial research model. Data collected in this phase were analyzed with a two-stage content analysis approach and the initial model was then amended based on the findings. As a result, a comprehensive research model with 16 hypotheses was proposed for examination in the second phase.
In the second phase, quantitative method was applied. A questionnaire was developed based on findings in the first phase. A pilot study was conducted to refine the questionnaire, which was then distributed in a national survey resulting in 237 useable responses. Data collected in this phase were analyzed using Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Modeling.
The results of quantitative analysis confirmed 13 hypotheses. All direct influences of the variables of digital divide on e-government system success were supported. The mediating effects of trust in e-government in the relationship between capability divide and e-government system success as well as in the relationship between innovativeness divide and e-government system success were supported, but was rejected in the relationship between access divide and e-government system success. Furthermore, the results supported the moderating effects of demographic variables of age, residential place, and education.
This research has both theoretical and practical contributions. The study contributes to the developments of literature on digital divide and e-government by providing a more comprehensive framework, and also to the implementation of e-government by local governments and the improvement of e-government Readiness Index of Indonesia.
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Patrick Nunn and Roselyn Kumar
Climate change poses diverse, often fundamental, challenges to livelihoods of island peoples. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that these challenges must be better…
Abstract
Purpose
Climate change poses diverse, often fundamental, challenges to livelihoods of island peoples. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that these challenges must be better understood before effective and sustainable adaptation is possible.
Design/methodology/approach
Understanding past livelihood impacts from climate change can help design and operationalize future interventions. In addition, globalization has had uneven effects on island countries/jurisdictions, producing situations especially in archipelagoes where there are significant differences between core and peripheral communities. This approach overcomes the problems that have characterized many recent interventions for climate-change adaptation in island contexts which have resulted in uneven and at best only marginal livelihood improvements in preparedness for future climate change.
Findings
Island contexts have a range of unique vulnerability and resilience characteristics that help explain recent and proposed responses to climate change. These include the sensitivity of coastal fringes to climate-environmental changes: and in island societies, the comparatively high degrees of social coherence, closeness to nature and spirituality that are uncommon in western contexts.
Research limitations/implications
Enhanced understanding of island environmental and social contexts, as well as insights from past climate impacts and peripherality, all contribute to more effective and sustainable future interventions for adaptation.
Originality/value
The need for more effective and sustainable adaptation in island contexts is becoming ever more exigent as the pace of twenty-first-century climate change increases.